Faculty Bibliography

''It was not watered down in terms of its science,'' Ms. [Dana Perino] said. ''It wasn't watered down in terms of the concerns that climate change raises for public health.'' The testimony that remained said, ''Climate change is anticipated to have a broad range of impacts on the health of Americans and the nation's public health infrastructure.'' But a line saying ''the public health effects of climate change remain largely unaddressed'' was gone, and the testimony focused on the ways health agencies were already prepared to tackle any problems

The risk of a defective wire is low. Medtronic said that about 2.3 percent of the estimated 235,000 patients with the defective wire, or 4,000 to 5,000 people, would experience a lead fracture within 30 months of implantation. But learning through tests that one's defibrillator has a faulty lead can create agonizing decisions for patients and doctors. ''There are different needs for different patients,'' he said. Those who have had frequent abnormal heart rhythms, he said, may be more dependent on the device than others. Even patients in whom no evidence of possible cracks in the leads is found will need to have their Medtronic defibrillators reprogrammed. Dr. John Kassotis, director of cardiac electrophysiology at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, said, ''You can definitely take the leads out if they have been in less than six months and usually if it is less than two years.''

''This technique has a big potential in the vascular surgical field,'' said Dr. Toshiharu Shinoka, who directs pediatric cardiovascular surgery at Yale and who plans to conduct studies with Cytograft on the new vessel. He called the technique an advance over one he used in operations on children in Japan, in which vessels were grown from cells on a scaffold that then degraded and was absorbed into the body. Doctors not connected with the company agreed on the importance of the new technique. ''A potential benefit may be for infants and children with congenital heart defects,'' said Dr. Deepak Srivastava, director of the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease at the University of California, San Francisco. Unlike grafts from cadavers, he added, ''the Cytograft vessels should be able to grow as the child does.'' Dr. Sergio A. Garrido, a vascular surgeon in Buenos Aires, said he implanted the Cytograft vessels in the forearm or upper arm under general anesthesia, in a different area from the malfunctioning shunt. The procedure took 60 to 90 minutes. Through surgical gloves, the Cytograft vessel, 5 1/2 to 11 * inches long, felt a little more delicate than a regular vein, he said

''The technique is revolutionary and has completely changed the way we use the mouse to study the function of genes,'' said Dr. Richard P. Woychik, the lab's director. ''When people come across a novel human gene, one of the first things they think about is knocking it out in a mouse.'' Dr. [Martin J. Evans] had planned to have an ''ordinary day'' off work cleaning his daughter's home in Cambridge, England, where he was visiting when he learned he won the prize. It was ''a boyhood dream come true,'' Dr. Evans told Agence France-Presse. ''Then five years later,'' he said, ''I find everyone is doing the same thing.''

Two Americans - one of them a former UW-Madison professor - and a Briton won the 2007 Nobel Prize in medicine Monday for developing the immensely powerful 'knockout' technology, which allows scientists to create animal models of human disease in mice.

Researchers developed technology used in fight against cancer, diabetes, cystic fibrosis and other diseases Two Americans and a Briton won the 2007 Nobel Prize in medicine yesterday for developing the immensely powerful 'knockout' technology that allows scientists to create animal models of human disease in mice. Scientists have developed more than 500 mouse models of human ailments, including those affecting the heart and central nervous system, as well as diabetes, cancer and cystic fibrosis.

When he decided to leave the Harvard faculty in 1973 because members of the department did not get along, he said, and did not recruit sufficient younger scientists, [Mario R. Capecchi] went to Utah. Colleagues told him, he said, that he was 'nuts' to leave Harvard's Ivy League splendour. But Capecchi said [James Watson] told him he could do good science anywhere. Capecchi said the main advantage was that he could work on long- term projects more easily in Utah than at Harvard, where there was a push to get results quickly. Capecchi said that when he reapplied to the NIH in 1984 for the grant it had rejected in 1980, he was told, 'We are glad you didn't follow our advice.' In applying for grants, he said he was told many of his ideas were premature and could not be done. 'Then five years later,' he said, 'I find everyone is doing the same thing.'

Dr. Eugene Braunwald, an international leader in cardiology at Harvard, likened Sonnenblick's basic research work to 'what a brilliant mathematician or theoretical physicist does that ultimately allows you to go into space.' Sonnenblick's research began in the 1960s at Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan. It continued at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Md.; Harvard; and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in the Bronx, where he was a distinguished university professor of medicine. For providing a framework for understanding normal and abnormal heart function, 'Ed Sonnenblick occupies an honoured place in the pantheon of the greatest heart and blood vessel physiologists of the 20th century,' said Braunwald, who worked with Sonnenblick

The guidelines, 82 pages long, cover a number of wide-ranging medical issues. One is whether to stop taking certain prescribed drugs before an operation. Another is whether to implant stents or perform coronary bypass surgery before conducting other types of elective surgery. If heart patients need emergency nonheart surgery, doctors should forgo heart testing and send a patient straight to an operating room, said the panel's chairman, Dr. Lee A. Fleisher, chairman of anesthesiology and critical care at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. In analyzing the published studies, the panel found that most were too small to provide meaningful statistical results, increasing the difficulty of making recommendations. ''A lot of the studies should never have been started or published,'' Dr. Fleisher said in an interview

Dr. Eugene Braunwald, an international leader in cardiology at Harvard, likened Dr. Sonnenblick's basic research work to ''what a brilliant mathematician or theoretical physicist does that ultimately allows you to go into space.'' For providing a framework for understanding normal and abnormal heart function, ''Ed Sonnenblick occupies an honored place in the pantheon of the greatest heart and blood vessel physiologists of the 20th century,'' said Dr. Braunwald, who worked with Dr. Sonnenblick at Harvard and at the heart institute. Dr. Sonnenblick showed his electron micrographs at what was then the most prestigious scientific meeting in biomedical research: the plenary session of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, held in Atlantic City. ''A hush fell over the audience,'' Dr. Braunwald said, as Dr. Sonnenblick showed how heart muscle contractions were dependent on the alignment of certain molecules in the cells