Faculty Bibliography

Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which conducted the trial with Merck, said in an interview that 'the results are obviously disappointing.'

In part to overcome the need for anticoagulant drugs, [Alain Carpentier] began research on use of human cadaver valves and adapting pig valves for human use in 1964. Carpentier found that a liquid chemical, glutaraldehyde, was better than other substances in sterilizing the tissue, reducing its propensity to cause adverse immunologic reactions and lengthening the valve's use. He also combined the animal tissue with a Teflon coating to create a device that could be produced in large amounts and kept on hospital shelves and that can avoid the need for anticoagulant drugs

Dr. [Anthony S. Fauci], who has directed the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases since 1984, marshaled scientific evidence to construct the United States' responses to these two global crises. The Lasker Foundation also cited Dr. Fauci for his role ''in explaining issues of great concern like the science behind emerging biological hazards'' to the public. Although dendritic cells comprise only 1 percent of mouse spleen cells, Dr. [Ralph M. Steinman] found that they were the most powerful cell in priming the immune system. The dendritic cell can adjust the body's defenses by stimulating different T immune cells. ''No one had anticipated that any cell could so efficiently goad T cells into action,'' said Dr. Joseph L. Goldstein, the chairman of the Lasker jury and a Nobel laureate from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas

Dr. [Edward N. Brandt Jr.], coming to his government job as a medical school administrator, found himself in a difficult position. While AIDS was his first priority, it was not for the rest of the [Reagan] administration, whose policy was to cut costs. But as a physician, Dr. Brandt knew that scientists needed money to study AIDS, although money alone would not suffice

In 1983, Dr. Brandt said that investigating the disease had become ''the No. 1 priority'' of the Public Health Service. At the time, only 1,450 AIDS cases had been reported. William H. Foege, the agency's director at the time, said in an interview Wednesday that ''Ed Brandt continually fought on the inside'' to reduce the number of staff and budget cuts. Dr. Vivian Pinn, who directs the Office of Research on Women's Health at the National Institutes of Health, said Dr. Brandt was also recognized as ''the godfather of women's health'' for his efforts as assistant secretary of health and human services to encourage more study of the issue. ''He was instrumental in promoting the careers of many people, especially women in science and women's health,'' Dr. Pinn said

''You're getting pretty old!'' she said, after praising his long service to the country. ''And it's such a hard job!'' Sometimes he can come across on television as subdued, or old-looking, analysts said. Frank Luntz, a Republican strategist who once worked for [Rudolph W. Giuliani], a [John McCain] rival for the nomination, has conducted Fox News focus groups gauging people's reactions to the debates. Some people in his groups used words like ''tired'' and ''old'' to describe Mr. McCain, Mr. Luntz said. So, faced with rivals who are younger, but also have put in far less time in elected office, Mr. McCain tries to make a virtue of his age. ''I'm not the youngest candidate,'' he said in his campaign-kickoff speech. ''But I am the most experienced.''

A study in Uganda has come up with a surprising finding about sex and HIV: Washing the penis minutes after sex increases the risk of acquiring HIV in uncircumcised men

''Don't just finish and jump out of bed,'' he said. The study findings are counterintuitive, said Dr. Merle A. Sande, an infectious diseases expert at the University of Washington in Seattle, and ''show why you have to do the studies, because until you do them, you just don't know.'' Dr. Sande, who was not involved in the study, said, ''There is still so much we don't understand about the complex factors that influence H.I.V. transmission in the genital tract, but this important study will help.''

The White House did not disclose the diagnosis last August because Lyme disease had not interfered with Mr. [Bush]'s duties, as when he temporarily turned over the powers of the presidency to Vice President Dick Cheney when he had a colonoscopy in July. Mr. Bush's doctors described him as ''fit for duty,'' a standard military phrase. The findings are consistent with viral illnesses that can be followed by periods of unsteadiness for several weeks, said Dr. Michael G. Stewart, the chief of ear, nose and throat medicine at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell hospital. Untreated Lyme disease can lead to nerve damage, often involving the eighth cranial nerve, the same one affected by vestibular neuronitis. But Mr. Bush's doctors said they did not believe the Lyme infection was linked to his vestibular neuronitis because the skin lesion had not recurred. Mr. Bush weighed 192 pounds, 4 pounds less than last year, a change he attributed to ''less birthday cake.''