Faculty Bibliography

Still, the effort is ''a remarkable success'' considering that only 2 percent of infected patients needing antiretroviral therapy were receiving it three years ago, said Dr. Kevin De Cock, the H.I.V./AIDS director at the World Health Organization, a United Nations agency in Geneva. Many numbers were discouraging. In 2006, about six times as many people became infected with H.I.V. as started treatment, meaning prevention efforts are faltering or not in place, Dr. De Cock told reporters by telephone. The Bush administration's emergency plan for AIDS Relief and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria were paying for care of about 1.27 million of the two million total, the United Nations said

Dr. [Anthony S. Fauci], who has directed the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases since 1984, marshaled scientific evidence to construct the United States' responses to these two global crises. The Lasker Foundation also cited Dr. Fauci for his role ''in explaining issues of great concern like the science behind emerging biological hazards'' to the public. Although dendritic cells comprise only 1 percent of mouse spleen cells, Dr. [Ralph M. Steinman] found that they were the most powerful cell in priming the immune system. The dendritic cell can adjust the body's defenses by stimulating different T immune cells. ''No one had anticipated that any cell could so efficiently goad T cells into action,'' said Dr. Joseph L. Goldstein, the chairman of the Lasker jury and a Nobel laureate from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas

Epidemiologists from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have linked the acanthamoeba keratitis outbreak to AMO Complete Moisture Plus Multi-Purpose Solution. Advanced Medical Optics of Santa Ana, Calif., manufactures the solution, used to clean and store soft contact lenses

The combination - taking one inexpensive antibiotic pill each day and sleeping under an insecticide-treated mosquito net - reduced the incidence of malaria by 97 percent compared with a control group, Dr. Anne Gasasira, an AIDS researcher at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, said Wednesday at a medical conference in Los Angeles. She said the findings had already changed medical practice in Uganda. But scientists said they had not yet determined whether the treatment would be as effective in HIV-negative children with malaria

The two drugs, which could be approved for marketing this year, would add two new classes of drugs to the four that are available to battle HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. That would be especially important to patients whose treatment is failing because their strain of virus has become resistant to drugs already in use. 'This is really a remarkable development in the field,' Dr. John Mellors of the University of Pittsburgh said at a news conference Tuesday at the 14th Annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Los Angeles. Pfizer's drug works by blocking a portal on human immune system cells that HIV uses to enter and infect the cell. It would be the first AIDS drug that works by blocking a protein that is part of the human body rather than something in the virus. About 85 percent of newly infected patients have a virus that uses CCR5, while only about half of patients who have a resistant virus use CCR5. There has been some concern that blocking CCR5 would encourage the development of viruses that use the alternative portal

In 1983, Dr. Brandt said that investigating the disease had become ''the No. 1 priority'' of the Public Health Service. At the time, only 1,450 AIDS cases had been reported. William H. Foege, the agency's director at the time, said in an interview Wednesday that ''Ed Brandt continually fought on the inside'' to reduce the number of staff and budget cuts. Dr. Vivian Pinn, who directs the Office of Research on Women's Health at the National Institutes of Health, said Dr. Brandt was also recognized as ''the godfather of women's health'' for his efforts as assistant secretary of health and human services to encourage more study of the issue. ''He was instrumental in promoting the careers of many people, especially women in science and women's health,'' Dr. Pinn said

The two drugs, which could be approved for marketing this year, would add two new classes of drugs to the four that are available to battle HIV, the AIDS virus. That would be especially important to tens of thousands of U.S. patients whose treatment is failing because their virus has become resistant to drugs already in use. While there are now 20 approved drugs to treat HIV and AIDS, there are only four different mechanisms by which the drugs work. In many patients, the rapidly replicating virus evolves resistance to one or more drugs, usually because patients don't take their drugs on time as prescribed

''The new analyses are both disappointing and puzzling'' because they offer no explanation for the vaccine's failure, said Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a partner in the vaccine trial. The findings raise questions about whether adenovirus can ever be used as a crucial ingredient in an AIDS vaccine and whether new tacks will be needed. Use of a modified virus as a vector to deliver H.I.V. genes is a new and evolving way to make an AIDS vaccine. The Merck vaccine included three synthetic H.I.V. genes. ''We did a beautiful experiment, but it definitely was a disappointment,'' Dr. Larry Corey of the University of Washington, who led the investigators, said in an interview. ''One lesson is that scientists will have to look at vector-based immunity more thoroughly than we have in the past.''

The new reports create even more scientific confusion about how to develop a vaccine to stop the global HIV pandemic, which has infected an estimated 39 million people and killed 25 million more. The findings raise questions about whether adenovirus can ever be used as a crucial ingredient in an AIDS vaccine and whether new tacks will be needed. Use of a modified virus as a vector to deliver HIV genes is a new and evolving way to make an AIDS vaccine. The Merck vaccine included three synthetic HIV genes

''It was not watered down in terms of its science,'' Ms. [Dana Perino] said. ''It wasn't watered down in terms of the concerns that climate change raises for public health.'' The testimony that remained said, ''Climate change is anticipated to have a broad range of impacts on the health of Americans and the nation's public health infrastructure.'' But a line saying ''the public health effects of climate change remain largely unaddressed'' was gone, and the testimony focused on the ways health agencies were already prepared to tackle any problems