Faculty Bibliography

Standard monitoring of gonorrhea cases is conducted among men who go to sexually transmitted disease clinics. New data from such sites in 26 cities show that among heterosexual men found to have gonorrhea last year, the rate of those infected with a drug- resistant strain reached 26 percent in Philadelphia and more than 20 percent in Honolulu and four sites in California, Long Beach, Orange County, San Diego and San Francisco. The United States has an estimated 700,000 new cases of gonorrhea a year, occurring among sexually active people of both sexes at all ages. It is the second most commonly reported infectious disease, behind chlamydia, another sexually transmitted disease. 'We are running out of options,' said Dr. John Douglas Jr., who directs the division of sexually transmitted diseases prevention at the centers. Cephalosporins, like their cousin penicillin, thwart bacteria by damaging a microbe's cell wall, not by attacking DNA as the fluoroquinolones do, Douglas said

Standard monitoring of gonorrhea cases is conducted among men who go to STD clinics. New data from such sites in 26 cities show that rates of drug-resistant gonorrhea among heterosexual men last year reached 26 percent in Philadelphia and more than 20 percent in Honolulu and four sites in California, Long Beach, Orange County, San Diego and San Francisco. Health officials are also concerned about extremely drug- resistant tuberculosis and a number of other microbes like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella penumoniae and Acinetobacter species that are resistant to most antibiotics. be07 0004 070413 N S 0000000000 00003865

Standard monitoring of gonorrhea cases is conducted among men who go to S.T.D. clinics. New data from such sites in 26 cities show that rates of drug-resistant gonorrhea among heterosexual men at the clinics last year reached 26 percent in Philadelphia and more than 20 percent in Honolulu and four areas in California, Long Beach, Orange County, San Diego and San Francisco. ''We are running out of options,'' said Dr. John M. Douglas Jr., who directs the division of sexually transmitted diseases prevention at the centers. Cephalosporins, like their cousin penicillin, thwart bacteria by damaging a microbe's cell wall, not by attacking DNA as the fluoroquinolones do, Dr. Douglas said. In 2000, the centers recommended against fluoroquinolones for any patient who acquired gonorrhea in Hawaii, other Pacific Islands and Asia. The agency extended the recommendation to California in 2002. In 2004, the centers recommended that fluoroquinolones not be used among gay men with gonorrhea

Richard J. Codey, the State Senate president and a Democrat like Mr. [Jon S. Corzine], stepped in as acting governor during the surgery, and is expected to remain in charge as long as Mr. Corzine is hospitalized. Governor Corzine was traveling, as he normally does, in a two-car caravan. Officials said the two troopers in the car following Mr. Corzine stopped to care for him rather than chase the red truck. A New Jersey state trooper at the scene of the crash on the Garden State Parkway in Galloway Township, where the governor was hurt when his car hit a guardrail. Two others in the car were also injured. (Photo by Colin Archer/Associated Press)(pg. B1); Jon S. Corzine (pg. B8)

As many Republicans voice frustration about their chances in the 2008 election, a cadre of political allies has been vigorously promoting a candidacy for Mr. [Fred D. Thompson]. A sampling of polls in the last month have placed Mr. Thompson near the top of the Republican field. Dr. [Bruce D. Cheson] said he first examined Mr. Thompson on April 7, 2005, about six months after the former senator had noticed a lump under his jaw. Pathologists at the National Institutes of Health ultimately determined that it was a marginal zone lymphoma, which is an unusual type of a common cancer and affects the immune system. Dr. Cheson said that he could have withheld any therapy for months because the cancer was slow-growing. But Mr. Thompson chose to receive radiation to the neck ''because he did not want to have a visible lump in his neck given his high profile,'' Dr. Cheson said

Dr. [Robert Austrian] was unconvinced by the prevailing medical wisdom. Through his work as a clinician, epidemiologist and microbiologist, he showed that pneumococcal pneumonia remained a killer. Two vaccines based on Dr. Austrian's work were licensed in 1977 and 1983. Robert Austrian was born in Baltimore on April 12, 1916, the son of Charles Robert Austrian, an infectious diseases expert at Johns Hopkins University, and the former Florence Hochschild. He earned his college and medical degrees from Johns Hopkins, where he also trained as a specialist in internal medicine. After drug companies developed a vaccine that included 14 serotypes, Dr. Austrian proved its safety and effectiveness by supervising clinical trials among military trainees and gold miners in South Africa. They were at greater risk because they worked in crowded conditions. The vaccine was marketed in 1977, at a time when there were up to 750,000 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia in the United States each year

The pneumococcal vaccine can prevent the pneumonia, meningitis and blood-system and other infections caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. These infections were long a major cause of illness and death among the elderly and the chronically ill throughout the world. Even healthy adults and infants suddenly died from them. After drug companies developed a vaccine that included 14 serotypes, Austrian proved its safety and effectiveness by supervising clinical trials among military trainees and gold miners in South Africa. They were at greater risk because they worked in crowded conditions. The vaccine was marketed in 1977, at a time when there were up to 750,000 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia in the United States each year

Dr. [Robert Austrian] was unconvinced by the prevailing medical wisdom. Through his work as a clinician, epidemiologist and microbiologist, he showed that pneumococcal pneumonia remained a killer. Two vaccines based on Dr. Austrian's work were licensed in 1977 and 1983. Robert Austrian was born in Baltimore on April 12, 1916, the son of Charles Robert Austrian, an infectious diseases expert at Johns Hopkins University, and the former Florence Hochschild. He earned his college and medical degrees from Johns Hopkins, where he also trained as a specialist in internal medicine. At this time, he developed an interest in pneumococcal infections while working with Dr. Barry Wood, a renowned infectious diseases expert. The work was interrupted by World War II. Dr. Austrian was sent to the Fiji Islands to treat casualties from the South Pacific. He also did research on the use of atabrine to treat malaria after the Japanese had obtained most sources of another antimalarial, quinine, Dr. [Harvey M. Friedman] said. Dr. Austrian was then sent to Burma to study scrub typhus, an infection transmitted by mite bites

There was no word on when Mr. [Tony Snow] might return to the podium or on his prognosis. Approximately 60 percent of Stage III colon cancer patients survive five years after initial treatment. But experts say no reliable survival rates on colon cancer recurrence are available. Mr. Snow, 51, has long known that he was at risk for colon cancer. His mother died of the disease when he was 17. He was screened every two to three months, but nonetheless received a diagnosis in 2005 of Stage III colon cancer, meaning that the disease had spread to the lymph nodes but not to other organs. Dr. Harmon J. Eyre, chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society, said that though ''cancer recurrence is a serious situation,'' new drugs had improved treatment for some patients whose colon cancer had spread. With this latest diagnosis, Mr. Snow is considered to have Stage IV colon cancer, the most advanced

That was the case in Tugela Ferry, a rural town in KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa, when an outbreak of extremely drug- resistant tuberculosis -- XDR-TB for short -- killed 52 of its 53 victims, all of whom were also infected with HIV. The outbreak was detected in 2005, but it did not receive international attention until it was reported at the international AIDS meeting in Toronto last August. Using statistics from recent years, [Karin Weyer] said her team estimated that 6,000 new cases of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis occurred in South Africa each year and that the rate of treatment failure was about 10 per cent. Assuming that most failures were due to the extremely drug-resistant form, a conservative estimate is 600 cases of XDR-TB in her country each year, Weyer said. The outbreak is not limited to Africa. Dr. Paul Nunn, a tuberculosis expert at the World Health Organization, told the meeting here that one or more cases of XDR-TB had been found in at least 28 countries. Extrapolating from data about the multi-drug- resistant form of tuberculosis, Nunn estimated that two-thirds of the XDR-TB cases were from China, India and Russia