Faculty Bibliography

Dr. [Anthony S. Fauci], who has directed the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases since 1984, marshaled scientific evidence to construct the United States' responses to these two global crises. The Lasker Foundation also cited Dr. Fauci for his role ''in explaining issues of great concern like the science behind emerging biological hazards'' to the public. Although dendritic cells comprise only 1 percent of mouse spleen cells, Dr. [Ralph M. Steinman] found that they were the most powerful cell in priming the immune system. The dendritic cell can adjust the body's defenses by stimulating different T immune cells. ''No one had anticipated that any cell could so efficiently goad T cells into action,'' said Dr. Joseph L. Goldstein, the chairman of the Lasker jury and a Nobel laureate from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas

The CDC confirmed that the strain of tuberculosis that Speaker has does not match any of the strains in its laboratories. And [Robert Cooksey] said, 'My son-in-law's TB did not originate from myself or the CDC's labs, which operate under the highest levels of biosecurity.' Although health officials said there was a low risk of Speaker transmitting tuberculosis to his fellow passengers, the case raised troubling new questions about the nation's ability to defend its borders against the entry of dangerous infectious diseases and about CDC's ability to handle such threats. Dr. Gwen A. Huitt, an infectious disease expert at the center, said her initial impression was that Speaker was infected with the TB strain by someone else. Huitt said Speaker had traveled extensively over the last six years to countries where tuberculosis is more common

The survey's senior author, Dr. Martin A. Makary, a surgeon at Johns Hopkins, said in an interview that surgeons had made ''little progress in the last 20 years'' in preventing needle stick injuries. And hospitals, he said, ''are not doing what they should to care for their own providers, their families and patients.'' Such an experience among surgeons in training ''traumatizes their psyche on top of the stress of residency,'' Dr. Makary said. ''They do not know whether to tell their significant other,'' he said, ''and if they do report it to hospital officials, they worry about being stigmatized.''

An ultrasound revealed a deep venous thrombosis, a blood clot, in the lower part of his left leg. He was treated with anticoagulant medication, which he will take for several months, and he returned to work. Although blood clots in the leg can be dangerous if left untreated, experts say most are successfully treated with the anticoagulant drugs that the White House says Mr. [Dick Cheney] is now receiving. The blood clot that was discovered in Mr. Cheney's leg on Monday was in a vein, not an artery, and several independent experts said there was most likely no connection between it and the 2005 surgery. Dr. Cameron Akbari, a senior vascular surgeon at Washington Hospital Center in the District of Columbia, said Mr. Cheney's history of heart disease put him at only ''a very slightly increased risk'' of developing a deep venous thrombosis. Vice President Dick Cheney speaking to the Veterans of Foreign Wars yesterday. Mr. Cheney experienced discomfort in a leg after the speech. (Photo by Chris Kleponis/Bloomberg News)

After Mr. Speaker arrived at National Jewish on May 31 following his widely publicized journey, his doctors were unanimous in recommending surgery in July. A major factor is that a review in 2004 of 15 years' experience in treating resistant tuberculosis at National Jewish found that ''the most important single variable we had associated with favorable outcome was resectional surgery.'' In discussions among the doctors, surgery was ''a gray zone call,'' Dr. [Michael D. Iseman] said in an interview. ''One day I could go argue for it, the next day against it,'' he said. In the best of circumstances, Mr. Speaker could go home to Atlanta as soon as in two to three weeks, Dr. Iseman said. But, he added, ''his situation is so public health delicate that he and we and the authorities in Georgia may wish to treat him here a little bit longer, just so we can assure everyone in the community that he does not have positive cultures.''

Speaking by phone to a Senate panel, Andrew Speaker contradicted some accounts by government officials about the timing of who knew what and when about his plans to travel abroad after being told that he had extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis. Speaker, 31, who is in isolation at a Denver hospital, created an international health scare by taking commercial flights for his wedding in Greece and honeymoon in Europe last month. He spoke from his room at the National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver to a Senate Appropriations subcommittee that oversees the Public Health Service. After statements by Dr

A case in point is the effort to encourage formula-feeding instead of breast-feeding to prevent transmission of the virus that causes AIDS from mother to infant. At the 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections here on Monday, scientists reported findings from a number of studies citing the dangers of formula-feeding in poor countries that challenged the current recommendations. The findings led participants to urge researchers to find safer ways for breast- feeding and using formula in the battle to stop the AIDS pandemic. Based on earlier studies, the World Health Organization has said that exclusive breast-feeding has a lower risk of transmitting HIV than breast-feeding combined with other fluids or foods

'Children affected by AIDS are now more visible and are taken more seriously in global, regional and national forums where they had received little consideration before,' the United Nations children's agency said in a report Tuesday. Better testing to find children with HIV, the AIDS virus, and simpler formulations of the anti-retroviral drugs that combat the infection have increased the number of children under treatment, Unicef said. Additional factors were lower prices for the drugs and improved skills among health workers. The progress since then, though small, has exceeded Unicef's expectations, Peter McDermott, Unicef's chief for HIV/AIDS, told reporters by telephone. 'Children do very well on treatment.' Still, about 10 percent of pregnant women in capital cities in sub-Saharan Africa are HIV-infected. But the vast majority of pregnant African women do not have access to drugs that would prevent transmitting the virus to their infants. So about one-third of their children will become infected at or shortly after birth, Unicef said

Standard monitoring of gonorrhea cases is conducted among men who go to STD clinics. New data from such sites in 26 cities show that rates of drug-resistant gonorrhea among heterosexual men last year reached 26 percent in Philadelphia and more than 20 percent in Honolulu and four sites in California, Long Beach, Orange County, San Diego and San Francisco. Health officials are also concerned about extremely drug- resistant tuberculosis and a number of other microbes like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella penumoniae and Acinetobacter species that are resistant to most antibiotics. be07 0004 070413 N S 0000000000 00003865

Russ Knocke, chief press secretary for the Homeland Security Department, would not confirm the agent's rationale for releasing the man, saying only that the case was under investigation by its internal affairs and inspector general's offices. And in yet another twist to the story that seems to grow murkier with each new revelation, Speaker's father-in-law, Robert Cooksey, is a tuberculosis researcher who has worked at the Centers for Disease Control. Also, Italian officials said that they had not learned about the case until Speaker left Italy. Cesare Fassari, a spokesman for Italy's Health Ministry, said that had the Italian health officials been notified in time, they would have 'intercepted the man and invited him to be treated in a hospital' with his permission