Faculty Bibliography

Some stroke victims suffer the sudden onset of a severe headache unlike any other they have ever experienced. Such victims have said it felt as if their heads were blowing off. Often a stroke victim experiences several symptoms at once. Symptoms of strokes should be thought of as a brain attack much as the public and doctors think of chest pain as a possible symptom of a heart attack, the experts said. Friends and family members should call 911 immediately for an ambulance to take someone with symptoms of a stroke to a hospital where doctors should rapidly determine the stroke's cause and begin appropriate treatment, the association said. Evaluation should include consultation by a neurologist and a CAT scan X-ray, the report said

Symptoms of strokes should be thought of as a brain attack much as the public and doctors think of chest pain as a possible symptom of a heart attack, the experts said. Friends and family members should call 9-1-1 immediately for an ambulance to take someone with symptoms of a stroke to a hospital where doctors should rapidly determine the stroke's cause and begin appropriate treatment, the association said. Evaluation should include consultation by a neurologist and a CAT scan X-ray, the report said. Some stroke victims suffer the sudden onset of a severe headache unlike any other they have ever experienced. Such victims have said it felt as if their heads were blowing off. Often a stroke victim experiences several symptoms at once

The cryptosporidia parasites that contaminated the drinking water in Milwaukee and 10 surrounding communities sickened at least 183,000 and possibly as many as 281,000 people from March 1 to April 10 - mostly with diarrhea. Those are the latest estimates from Dr. Jeffrey P. Davis, a state epidemiologist, based on a random telephone survey. Investigators are considering whether cryptosporidia was the cause of six deaths. Because cryptosporidia are resistant to chlorination, filtration is the only way to keep drinking water parasite-free. Many waterworks around the country are aging and vulnerable to breakdown, and experts are urging an increase in research to find new ways to identify and remove dangerous microbes from drinking water. Because of the difficulty of detecting the organism in raw source water or drinking water, rescinding a boil-water advisory is an imprecise art, said Davis, the Wisconsin state epidemiologist. There are no federal guidelines or objective criteria for lifting an advisory against drinking untreated water after a cryptosporidium outbreak

AN advisory to boil tap water like the one that was issued in Milwaukee after the outbreak of a waterborne parasite sickened tens of thousands of people this month is a drastic public health measure. The Milwaukee experience rocked the nation's complacency about the safety of its public water supplies. The cryptosporidia parasites that contaminated the drinking water in Milwaukee and 10 surrounding communities sickened at least 183,000 people with watery diarrhea and possibly as many as 281,000 from March 1 to April 10. Those are the latest estimates from Dr. Jeffrey P. Davis, the state epidemiologist, whose methods include a large random telephone survey of residents of the Milwaukee area. Six deaths are being investigated as possibly caused by cryptosporidia. At Milwaukee news conference on April 10 were, from left: Paul W. Nannis, Health Commissioner; Mayor John D. Norquist; James Kaminski, Public Works Commissioner; Dr. Jeffrey P. Davis, state epidemiologist; Thomas Schlenker, city medical affiars deputy. (Associated Press) Map of Milwaukee showing locations of unaffected nursing homes, affected nursing homes the Howard Avenue Purification Plant.

In challenging the reliability of the CD4 count in evaluating AZT, the Concorde study rekindled a long-simmering dispute between many U.S. and European researchers over the validity of surrogate markers in HIV and AIDS. Many researchers and advocates for AIDS patients pressured the Concorde organizers to halt their trial in its early stages after a U.S. study was stopped ahead of schedule in 1989. Early analysis of the U.S. study found that AZT reduced the rate at which those with HIV developed full-fledged AIDS. Like the U.S. study, the Concorde trial found that AZT benefited those with HIV the first several months. But unlike the U.S study, the difference in the Concorde study was not statistically significant

Denis P. Burkitt, a missionary surgeon in Africa whose research produced important findings on cancer and nutrition, died of a stroke on Mar 23, 1993. He was 82

The European study challenged the validity of using the CD-4 count as a surrogate marker for AZT among symptomless individuals infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The human immunodeficiency virus destroys the specialized immune cells known as CD-4 cells, and a fall in the count may signal a worsening of the condition. In relaxing the rules to place new drugs against AIDS and other fatal or life-threatening diseases on the fast track, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has put great emphasis on surrogate markers. In licensing AZT for early treatment of HIV, the drug agency relied heavily on studies that found an improvement in CD-4 counts. It used the same markers in approving DDI and DDC, two other drugs for those with AIDS. Many researchers and advocates for AIDS patients pressured the Concorde organizers to halt their trial in its early stages after a federally financed study in the United States was stopped ahead of schedule in 1989. Early analysis of the American study found that AZT reduced the rate at which those with HIV developed full-fledged AIDS

The European study challenged the validity of using the CD-4 count as a surrogate marker for AZT among symptomless individuals infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The human immunodeficiency virus destroys the specialized immune cells known as CD-4 cells, and a fall in the count may signal a worsening of the condition. In relaxing the rules to place new drugs against AIDS and other fatal or life-threatening diseases on the fast track, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has put great emphasis on surrogate markers. In licensing AZT for early treatment of HIV, the drug agency relied heavily on studies that found an improvement in CD-4 counts. It used the same markers in approving DDI and DDC, two drugs for those with full-fledged AIDS. In challenging the reliability of the CD-4 count in evaluating AZT, the Concorde study rekindled a long simmering dispute between many European and U.S. researchers over the validity of surrogate markers in HIV and AIDS

The recent outbreak of intestinal illness in Milwaukee has been attributed to a parasite known as cryptosporidium. The uncommon parasite, which inhabits the intestines of humans, cattle and many other animals, is discussed