Faculty Bibliography

By studying chimpanzee droppings in remote African jungles, scientists have found direct evidence of a missing link between a chimpanzee virus and the one that causes human AIDS, they reported. Scientists have long suspected that chimpanzees are the source of the human AIDS pandemic because at least one subspecies carries a simian immune deficiency virus closely related to HIV, the human virus that causes AIDS. But because the simian virus, known as SIVcpz, was identified in chimpanzees in captivity, researchers could not be sure that the same simian virus existed among these apes in the wild. [Beatrice Hahn] reported, her team's findings show 'for the first time a clear picture of the origin of HIV-1 and the seeds of the AIDS pandemic.' HIV-1 is the virus that causes the vast majority of AIDS cases in the world. Studies estimate that the human AIDS virus jumped species between 50 and 75 years ago. But no one knows who the first infected person was or how that person acquired HIV

[Beatrice H. Hahn] reported, the findings show 'for the first time a clear picture of the origin of HIV-1 and the seeds of the AIDS pandemic.' Studies estimate that the human AIDS virus jumped species between 50 and 75 years ago. But no one knows who the first infected person was or how that person acquired HIV. Hahn said her team theorizes that HIV was first transmitted locally somewhere in west central Africa. Because the subspecies of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes troglodytes, in which the simian virus had been found in captivity, lives in the wild in Cameroon, Gabon and Republic of Congo, the first infection could have been in any of those areas

[Beatrice Hahn] reported, her team's findings show 'for the first time a clear picture of the origin of HIV-1 and the seeds of the AIDS pandemic.' HIV-1 is the virus that causes the vast majority of AIDS cases in the world. The first cases of AIDS were detected in the United States in 1981. Hahn said her team theorizes that HIV was first transmitted locally somewhere in west central Africa. The subspecies of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes troglo-dytes, in which the simian virus had been found in captivity, lives in the wild in Cameroon, Gabon and Republic of Congo; therefore, the first infection could have been in any of those areas. It is not known whether chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz become ill, Hahn said. Two naturally infected chimpanzees in captivity did not become ill. Some infected chimpanzees that were rescued as orphans because their parents were killed for bush meat died in captivity, but others that were not infected also died, she said, and the deaths were attributed to human infection, poor care and inappropriate diet

The genetic and immunologic tests were developed in stages over the past seven years to help trace the evolution of H.I.V. and solve the mysterious origins of AIDS, said Dr. Beatrice H. Hahn, a virologist at the University of Alabama in Birmingham. Dr. Hahn led the international team that conducted the study, which combined genetics and epidemiology. Dr. Hahn reported, her team's findings show ''for the first time a clear picture of the origin of H.I.V.-1 and the seeds of the AIDS pandemic.'' H.I.V.-1 is the virus that causes the vast majority of AIDS cases in the world. The first cases of AIDS were detected in the United States in 1981. Dr. Hahn said her team theorized that H.I.V. was first transmitted locally somewhere in west-central Africa. Because the subspecies of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes troglodytes, in which the simian virus had been found in captivity, lives in the wild in Cameroon, Gabon and the Congo Republic, the first infection could have been in any of those areas

Dr. Barry Bloom, dean of the Harvard School of Public Health, who worked with [Lee Jong Wook] on tuberculosis, said Lee 'may not have been smooth or highly articulate, but he was enormously effective in getting his goals accomplished.' Lee had strenuously campaigned to become director general, defeating Dr. Peter Piot, the executive director of the Unaids program, on a seventh ballot by the organization's executive board. A number of health experts had complained that Lee acted more like a politician than a scientist. But he said in an interview in 2003 that 'you can't make it to this position without being a politician.' Lee took over in the wake of the SARS epidemic and moved into the forefront of efforts to thwart the spread of the H5N1 avian influenza virus, pressing governments to develop emergency plans should national pandemics ensue

Dr. Barry Bloom, dean of the Harvard School of Public Health, who worked with [Lee Jong-Wook] on tuberculosis, said Lee 'may not have been smooth or highly articulate, but he was enormously effective in getting his goals accomplished.' Lee directed programs to rid many countries of polio and had hoped to eradicate it. That goal, too, has proved elusive, largely because the disease spread from Nigeria to 23 other countries after officials in the northern province of Kano temporarily banned polio immunizations. Born in Seoul, Korea, Lee was 5 years old when he, his mother and two brothers had to march 250 miles in 60 days through a bitterly cold winter to be reunited with his father during the Korean War. 'The first thing he did was take us to a bakery for cookies,' Lee said in an interview in 2003. 'I cried.'

They included the need for a quicker and more effective response to the declining health of Palestinians and more money to complete the effort to eradicate polio. The agency is responsible for tracking influenza and other communicable diseases. Dr. [Lee Jong Wook] was to continue his urging of governments to better prepare for the next pandemic of influenza and to control the A(H5N1) avian strain of the virus. As it has spread from Asia to Europe and Africa, the virus has led to the death of more than 200 million birds. Health experts are concerned that the bird virus could mutate to cause a human pandemic. Dr. Lee also acknowledged the agency's failures in meeting its goal of making antiretroviral therapy available to three million H.I.V.-infected people by the end of 2005 and effectively tackling malaria. ''Clearly things are not going well with malaria control,'' Dr. Lee's text said

Dr. Barry Bloom, dean of the Harvard School of Public Health, who worked with Dr. [Lee Jong Wook] on tuberculosis, said that Dr. Lee ''may not have been smooth or highly articulate, but he was enormously effective in getting his goals accomplished.'' Dr. Lee had strenuously campaigned to become director general, defeating Dr. Peter Piot, the executive director of the United Nations AIDS program, on a seventh ballot by the organization's executive board. A number of health experts had complained that Dr. Lee acted more like a politician than a scientist. But he said in an interview in 2003 that ''you can't make it to this position without being a politician.'' Born in Seoul, Korea, Dr. Lee was 5 years old when he, his mother and two brothers had to march 250 miles in 60 days through a bitterly cold winter to be reunited with his father during the Korean War. ''The first thing he did was take us to a bakery for cookies,'' Dr. Lee said in an interview in 2003. ''I cried.''

Such clots often follow injuries to the head like those from a fall. But the W.H.O. said Dr. [Lee Jong Wook] had been in good health and was not known to have had any such injury. The clot also could have resulted from a bleeding artery in his brain. Dr. Lee ''will be in hospital for some time,'' the organization said, adding that it would provide updates on his illness. It is expected to announce today who will act for Dr

The World Health Organization said it had developed 20 standards for improving reporting on the testing of drugs and devices on people and urged researchers and companies to use them in all human..