Faculty Bibliography

Dr. [Charles S. Hirsch] said he also relied on witnesses' accounts of the struggle to determine what type of trauma caused the cuts and bruises he found. Mr. [Henry Hughes]'s wounds were ''consistent with'' descriptions of the impact of a nightstick or a blunt instrument, Dr. Hirsch said last week. Dr. Hirsch considered whether pressure applied in the struggle, say from a choke hold, killed Mr. Hughes by blocking blood to the brain. But Dr. Hirsch said the absence of damage to tissues in the neck, brain and other areas led him to conclude that ''physical injuries neither caused nor contributed to'' the death. Mr. Hughes's family hired Dr. Stuart Dawson, deputy medical examiner of Suffolk County on Long Island. In criticizing Dr. Hirsch's findings, Dr. Dawson said that even if the police did not fatally beat Mr. Hughes, the struggle could have contributed to his death. Dr. Dawson is reviewing the entire investigation. While witnesses are usually crucial, they sometimes can present obstacles

Completely satisfied with his recuperation, doctors are expected to release former President Ronald Reagan from a Minnesota hospital following surgery to drain a blood clot from the right side of his brain

Former President Ronald Reagan has an increased risk of suffering another blood clot on his brain like the two he has already, one of which was removed on Sep 8, 1989

After doctors removed the blood clot from former President Reagan's brain, a result of a horseback riding accident, they discovered evidence of another blood clot that occurred earlier but which healed on its own

The blood clot removed from former President [Reagan]'s brain Friday was the second that he suffered since his horseback accident two months ago, Reagan's neurosurgeon said Sunday. Weinberg has said the former president suffered no symptoms from the clot detected at the Mayo Clinic. Asked whether Reagan had suffered any symptoms that led to the detection of the first clot, [Thoralf M. Sundt] declined to comment. Weinberg said the Mayo doctors have attributed Reagan's clot to the riding accident. Immediately after the accident on a ranch owned by William Wilson, Reagan's first ambassador to the Vatican, the former president was flown to Raymond W. Bliss Army Community Hospital at Fort Huachuca in southern Arizona. He was released after declining to stay overnight for observation as doctors had suggested

Former President Ronald Reagan was reported to be making a 'rapid recovery' one day after minor surgery to drain blood that formed on his brain

''President [Ronald Reagan] was found to have a small collection of fluid on top of the right side of his brain,'' Mr. [Mark Weinberg] said in a statement before the surgery. ''Although President Reagan has not experienced any symptoms, physicians have advised this fluid be removed in a routine procedure.'' President Bush told reporters he tried to telephone Mr. Reagan from Air Force One as he flew to New Orleans today but the former President had already gone into surgery, The Associated Press reported. ''I hope it's all right, pray it's all right,'' Mr. Bush said. Dr. James I. Ausman, the chief neurosurgeon at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, who is not connected with Mr. Reagan's case, said it was ''a judgment call'' whether to operate on brain hematomas that cause no symptoms. One factor is the amount of fluid on the brain. Another is whether the fluid has pushed on the brain to cause significant pressure or even displacement

Ronald Reagan underwent surgery to remove fluid from his brain on Sep 8, 1989

A chronology of former President [Ronald Reagan]'s health difficulties: 1967: While governor of California, Reagan had about 30 seedlike stones removed from his urinary tract. He had a transurethral prostatic resection, the same kind of operation performed during his second presidential term in 1986. 1979: He complained of pain in the right thumb, which was determined to be osteoarthritic. March 30, 1981: A bullet fired at Reagan in an assassination attempt hit him in the upper chest below the left arm, traveled downward and was deflected into the left lung, coming to rest an inch from his heart. The bullet was removed during three hours of surgery, and Reagan returned to the White House after 12 days in the hospital. April 1, 1982: Reagan underwent a routine urological examination at Bethesda Naval Hospital after complaining of discomfort. Doctors found no evidence of malignancy. Sept. 7, 1983: Reagan, having grown noticeably hard of hearing, was seen wearing a small hearing aid in his right ear when he appeared before a group of business and education leaders. He has attributed his hearing loss to the firing of a handgun too near his ear on a movie set many years ago. Reagan later began wearing a hearing aid in the left ear as well. May 18, 1984: A small polyp was discovered in the president's colon, but an examination showed the polyp was non-cancerous and it was not removed. March 11, 1985: The White House disclosed that doctors examining Reagan earlier that month found evidence of blood in his stool and a growth in his lower intestine. A statement said tests of occult, or hidden, blood in the feces were positive but 'physicians believe this may be from the polyp or from diet and will be monitored.' March 29, 1985: Reagan suffered a burst blood vessel in his left eye, causing it to fill partially with blood. White House spokesman Larry Speakes said no treatment was needed. July 12, 1985: Doctors removed a small, benign polyp from Reagan's colon and found a larger one that was removed the next day along with 2 feet of the president's intestinal tract. The larger, 2-inch, polyp was cancerous, but doctors said the cancer had not spread beyond the tissues that were removed. Aug. 1, 1985: The White House, responding to questions, said an irritated patch of skin had been removed from Reagan's nose two days earlier. A statement said the tissue 'was submitted for routine studies for infection, and it was determined no further treatment is necessary.' Four days later, Reagan told a news conference that the 'pimple' had been skin cancer. Jan. 17, 1986: Reagan had three small polyps removed from his intestine during a six-hour visit to Bethesda in his first major post-cancer colon checkup. They measured 1 millimeter to 2 millimeters in size. A shaving of facial tissue from a growth on the right side of Reagan's face also was taken. Lab tests showed that the three polyps and facial tissue were benign. June 21, 1986: In a five-hour visit to Bethesda, Reagan had two small polyps removed from his colon

For Ms. [GILDA RADNER], as for many patients, early detection of ovarian cancer was particularly difficult. In her best-selling book, ''It's Always Something,'' published by Simon & Schuster just after her death, she described an arduous trek from doctor to doctor as she tried to find out what caused her to feel exhausted, bloated and have abdominal cramps. She was sick for nine months before the cancer was diagnosed. In Ms. Radner's family, a cousin, an aunt and possibly her grandmother had ovarian cancer. Ms. Radner knew her cousin had the cancer, but she believed that her aunt, the cousin's mother, and her grandmother had died of stomach cancer. An unusual feature of Ms. Radner's case is that doctors twice examined her ovaries within two years of the onset of symptoms; the doctors presumably found the ovaries normal. They were observed when Ms. Radner and her husband, the actor Gene Wilder, tried in vitro fertilization in an attempt to become parents. The ovaries were seen again when she had surgery to open blocked fallopian tubes. This suggests that the cancer developed later and grew rapidly, or if present was microscopic