Faculty Bibliography

Fourth of a series After 30 years of scientific uncertainty about whether anabolic steroids can enhance athletic performance, medical opinion is slowly tilting toward the conclusion steroids do help some athletes add muscle bulk and weight, and even set world records. Elite athletes usually know what they are doing with steroids, but since the drugs are generally obtained on the black market, most users take them without a doctor's supervision or advice and without knowing what is in them. Anabolic steroids, which many athletes call the ``breakfast of champions,`` are derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone and are known to have damaged the liver, the testicles and other organs. Psychotic episodes, aggressive behavior, and major injuries have been attributed to the drugs

''One of the biggest difficulties will be keeping people in the control group,'' Mr. [Kevin Mahoney] said, adding that the health team ''is working out'' plans to provide groceries and other food as an incentive for those in the control group to continue their participation

Mr. [George Bush], when asked how he would make his choice, said: ''In the past, I have gone to what I think are the best doctors, getting references from others when you move to a new place. In the service you take who is on duty and that has been satisfactory. But I think I'd look at credentials, where the people trained and what people did they train with.'' If he needed a specialist, Mr. Bush said, ''I know enough people in the medical world to get expert opinions.'' Mr. [Michael Dukakis], whose father was a doctor, said he assumed his White House physician would come from the military and he would make the choice ''carefully, with consultation with good people whose judgment I respect.'' Even some recent presidents have kept some maladies secret. Only after Lyndon Johnson's death did the public learn that he had had a secret operation as President for a minor skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma. The condition was not a major health problem, but Mr. Johnson apparently feared to disclose it. (Since then, Mr. [Reagan] and Mr. Bush have also had the same type of skin cancer removed.) For the most part, it has become standard in recent years for candidates for high offices to disclose their health records. While many people think inquiries about the health of Presidents are unwarranted breaches of privacy, historians have been quick to blame the press for failing to expose serious illness of presidents

[George Bush] himself was acting president for eight hours in 1985, under terms of a letter signed by [Reagan] before he had surgery for colon cancer. In an interview at the time Bush was asked if he would handle a similar situation any differently if he were president. Bush said Reagan 'did it very well.' The interviews with Bush and his doctors led to correction of an error Bush and his doctors have made in public descriptions of his history of duodenal ulcers. Previous disclosures of his health have said that he suffered a non-bleeding ulcer in 1960 and that the problem never recurred. But [Edward Lillo Crain Jr.] of Houston said in an interview several weeks ago that Bush did suffer a second such ulcer, in 1966. Bush said that a few days ago he received a letter from Crain describing the second ulcer in 1966. 'I remember 1960, what it felt like, but I don't remember anything about 1966,' Bush said. 'And I don't even remember it now.'

Dukakis was a senior in high school in 1951 when his only brother, Stelian, suffered a severe attack of depression while a student at Bates College in Maine. Stelian Dukakis returned home and shortly thereafter attempted suicide, and then was treated with insulin injections and shock therapy at a hospital in Massachusetts, according to a biography, 'Dukakis. An American Odyssey' by Charles Kenney and Robert L. Turner, published earlier this year by the Houghton Mifflin Co. Dukakis credited Mrs. Dukakis' brother-in-law, Dr. Alfred Peters, a dentist who was a recovering alcoholic and who also became a social worker, for being very helpful in counseling and advising her in this trying period. Dukakis said he had not discussed the possiblities under which his running mate, Sen. Lloyd Bentsen, would assume temporary or permanent powers of the presidency if Dukakis were seriously ill as president. But he said he would hold such discussions with Bentsen if they won the election

Mrs. Dukakis, who is 51 years old, is ''feeling much better'' and is expected to travel to Chicago today, rest there a day, then join her husband in his campaign for the Presidency, said the spokesman, Paul Costello. Her schedule ''may be abbreviated,'' depending on how she feels, Mr. Costello said. The candidate's wife suffered ''a significant viral infection with possible overlay of a bacterial infection, and is now off intravenous antibiotics,'' taking them orally instead, Mr. Costello said. Mrs. Dukakis's temperature, which had reached 102 degrees Fahrenheit, was reported back to normal. Mrs. Dukakis's infection was not related to a neck surgery she suffered last June and was ''not exhaustion related,'' Mr. Costello said.

Mr. [Michael S. Dukakis] suffered a crushing public humiliation after he was defeated for renomination for the Massachusetts governorship in 1978. The weeks that followed, he said, were ''the toughest period'' in his life. Mr. Dukakis reiterated denials he made last summer to the rumors that he had been treated for depression at that time. ''I didn't consult anyone professionally,'' he said. ''I got lots of support from my family.'' [Stelian] died at age 42 in 1973 after lying in a hospital bed in a coma for four months following a bicycle accident; he was the victim of a hit-and-run driver. ''It was, obviously, a very difficult period,'' Mr. Dukakis said. ''My first concern, in addition to my brother, was to provide as much support as I could to my parents,'' he said. ''We were pulling for him, we were there at the hospital, we were both in a personal way and looking for scientific data that he might be recovering.'' As he ate a scoop of chocolate ice cream, Mr. Dukakis said he enjoyed ''just about anything'' but that he did not like junk foods and was ''not a heavy one for sweets.'' He has an occasional glass of wine. 'Always Set Aside Time for Ourselves' Mr. Dukakis denies descriptions of him as a workaholic, saying that he and his wife ''always set aside time for ourselves and our children.'' He said he said he ''always takes off one day a week in seven,'' usually Sunday, which he considers a family day, and when he often makes pancakes for breakfast

In an interview about his health, Mr. [George Bush] said he had changed over the years, no longer letting troubles ''eat me up'' and ''drive me up a wall.'' Mr. Bush said he had disciplined himself ''not to worry about things you cannot do something about.'' Voters' concerns over the qualifications of Mr. [Dan Quayle] to assume the Presidency have given Mr. Bush's health some prominence in the campaign. ''You've got to know what it is,'' the Vice President said, alluding to the particular disability or circumstance that might create the need for Mr. Quayle to take over. ''You just can't sit and even before you are President start thinking of a lot of hypothetical examples. My gut feeling would be no, I wouldn't do that.'' ''It used to be that I didn't like any shots,'' Mr. Bush said, recalling his service in the Navy when he ''passed out and felt faint'' when he saw a ''great big needle'' used on others

G. D. Searle & Co is making available all seven of its heart drugs free of charge to patients who cannot afford them. Physicians will determine eligibility

While the vice president thinks that we are on the right course, with little need for adjustment, we suspect that much of the business community believes the challenge of international competition is not being met. To compete more effectively in the future, business needs the following from the next administration: 1) reduced budget deficits and appropriate budget priorities, 2) more successful trade policies, and 3) constructive -- rather than destructive -- regulatory policies. On all three counts, it would be better off with Michael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen. Budget Policies. Two weeks ago, at the latest meeting of the Business Council, the vast majority of the CEOs of the nation's largest companies agreed that the budget deficit was public enemy number one. They see that continuing to allow federal deficits to soak up two-thirds of the economy's private savings risks major financial disruption in the short run, and gradual American decline in the long run. They recognize that now, with a new president coming into office, the economy growing rapidly, and export demand expanding, is the ideal time for deficit reduction. Unfortunately, there is little basis for expecting a Bush administration to make progress on the budget. Candidate Bush's flexible-freeze plan does not indicate a single specific spending program that will be cut back, but simply promises overall spending reductions. Even Ronald Reagan with his two massive electoral mandates was not very successful in curtailing federal spending. In fact, federal spending relative to gross national product was higher in each of the past seven years than in any peacetime year in the nation's history. While the vice president blames all of this on Congress and vows to get tough, the indictment does not really stick. While Congress has differed with the president on the mix between domestic and defense spending, it has added less than 2% to overall administration spending requests over the past seven years. Even if Congress had enacted all of the administration's budgets, we still would have accumulated well over $1 trillion in debt