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The results were presented here Wednesday at the final session of the Second International AIDS Congress. AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. [Donald S. Burke] said his team's findings suggested that many Americans were becoming infected with the AIDS virus in their late teens and early 20s, compared to the mean age of 35 for people sick with AIDS. There were 68 teen-agers who were infected with the AIDS virus. All applicants who were found to have AIDS virus infection were rejected for military service. They were called back, offered counseling by a physician, and given the option of having a second AIDS blood test. About 75 percent have agreed and the positive results confirmed in more than 98 percent of cases

Dr. [Donald S. Burke] said his team's findings suggested that many Americans were becoming infected with the AIDS virus in their late teens and early 20's, cas against the mean age of 35 for people sick with AIDS. There were 68 teen-agers who were infected with the AIDS virus. Infection Incidence and Age ''That suggests a lot of hidden AIDS virus infection,'' Dr. Burke said in an interview. Because the researchers believed that relatively few such individuals who are at high risk for AIDS sought to join the military, the findings ''make us think more seriously of heterosexual spread to account for the infections among the group,'' Dr. Burke said. He added that his team could not determine how many were promiscuous heterosexuals. Mixed Reactions on Findings

The case ''establishes the feasibility'' of this way of treating acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Dr. [Anthony S. Fauci] said, adding, ''It is an important step in the direction of a treatment, but by no means a breakthrough.'' ''It is the first time that one parameter, antigen specific response, has been reconstituted,'' Dr. Fauci said. ''The proof of the pudding is having the patient stay well long enough,'' Dr. Fauci said, adding that he would not claim any success for the therapy for at least another year, or two years after beginning the therapy

The effect of AIDS is to severely impair the body's immune system so as to impede its production of white blood cells that, among other things, produce the antibodies that ward off foreign agents of disease. Bone marrow is the ultimate source of all the cells of the immune defense system. The research produced by the [Anthony S. Fauci] team began several years ago. One aspect of it was first reported in the New England Journal of Medicine two years ago, when Fauci and Dr. Clifford H. Lane wrote of taking bone marrow from an identical twin and transplanting it in an AIDS patient. The transplant led to a minor, temporary improvement, but the patient died soon after. That experiment was done before French and American scientists discovered the AIDS virus. Later, Fauci's group combined the bone marrow treatment with transfusions of the lymphocyte blood cells and a drug developed to combat the AIDS virus

One important reason to follow such changes, Dr. [Paul Volberding] said, is that the improved accuracy of following the medical surveillance of AIDS might provide clues to the detection of changes in the AIDS virus itself or to co-factors. They are the as yet unidentified drugs, foods and other environmental factors that some experts believe might act in concert with the AIDS virus to help produce the disease. Importance in Tracking Disease Dr. Volberding cited a paper from the Annals of Internal Medicine showing that pneumonia caused by the microbe pneumocystis carinii is the most common cause of opportunistic infections among AIDS patients in the United States. However, P. carinii is the third most common cause of opportunistic infection in both Africa and Haiti. In those areas, the cryptococcus fungus and the toxoplasma parasite are the most frequent causes of opportunistic infection. 'A Lot of Questions' Dr. Volberding speculated that differences in susceptibility to AIDS might be related to such factors as the dose of AIDS virus, the way it enters the body, the co-existence of other sexually transmitted diseases and the frequency of exposure. Re-inoculation may be more important than previously thought, Dr. Volberding speculated

Nevertheless, the fact that both [William J. Schroeder] and [Murray P. Haydon] lived for more than a year on the plastic and metal device is a significant achievement because it has shown that long-term survival is possible. Haydon lived for 488 days and Schroeder has lived 573 days on the Jarvik-7 mechanical heart. Little is known about Haydon's feelings about his life on the artificial heart because he and his family shunned publicity. For the entire period of the implant, Haydon was confined to a coronary care unit at the Humana Hospital Audubon, where he required nearly continuous treatment with a mechanical ventilator for lung problems. He left the hospital for brief periods only. Some recipients of temporary artificial hearts may become poorer candidates for a heart transplant because their condition will be worsened by infections, kidney failure and strokes that can develop as complications of the artificial heart

Dr. [Fakhry Assaad] said he is seeking ''novel ways'' to tell the public about AIDS, particularly in Africa, because ''we have nothing to combat AIDS except education.'' No effective treatment has been developed for the disorder, which is transmitted through blood and sexual contact and attacks the immune system, leading to death from infections that the body cannot fight off. He said he felt ''considerable anxiety'' about the lack of scientific knowledge about the long-term effects of the AIDS virus on individuals and society. ''Do we have a willingness of the best scientists in the world to work together so that all areas will be able to benefit from their cooperation?'' Dr. [Halfdan Mahler] asked, without answering his question. Dr. Mahler, who spoke before word had arrived from Kenya, also criticized leaders of countries in Africa and elsewhere who have avoided reporting cases of AIDS. ''Credibility is essential'' to keep ''undue alarm and fear of AIDS under control,'' Dr. Mahler said

Only one of 41 people with leprosy, or 2 percent, had evidence of infection with the AIDS virus. These people had been cared for in a leprosy hospital for more than three years. Because they had been isolated from society, Dr. Hira said he interpreted these findings to mean that the AIDS virus was introduced into Zambia only recently. He also said that the tests could have falsely yielded negative results because of leprosy's immunology. To further determine how long the AIDS virus has been in Zambia, the researchers plan to test 300 blood samples that had been kept in a freezer since 1981 or 1982. To make older comparisons, Dr. Hira said, he has been ''hunting very desperately'' for blood samples stored from the 1970's. Some researchers theorize that the AIDS virus may spread more easily among heterosexuals in Africa who have sores from syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases. According to the theory, breaks in the skin from the sores allow the AIDS virus to enter the body more easily than through intact skin. Dr. [Subhash K. Hira] said that 51 of the 125 had had sexually transmitted infections in the past