Faculty Bibliography

AIDS is without known cure, effective treatment or prevention. It is caused by a virus that paralyzes the immune system and that, in time, kills virtually all its victims. Scientists inevitably follow many blind avenues in seeking the cause of a disease of unknown origin, and they did so with AIDS until French and American researchers identified a member of the retrovirus family as the culprit. In ''A Strange Virus of Unknown Origin,'' Dr

African sleeping sickness, a parasitic disease of humans and animals that is spread by the bites of tsetse flies, is a major health hazard that severely hinders the economic development of Africa and contributes to a protein shortage there. An area the size of the United States within Africa is rendered unpopulated by cattle because of the prevalence of the trypanosome parasite that causes trypanosomiasis, or African sleeping sickness. DFMO\'s role in trypanosomiasis came about when researchers interested in enzymes and cell growth began a series of biochemical manipulations in the mid-1970s. They were also interested in polyamines, substances that exist in all living cells and that play important roles in processes required for rapid cellular growth and replication. A key enzyme in the production of polyamines is ornithine decarboxylase, or ODS, and DFMO irreversibly inhibits ODS. Dr. Cyrus J. Bacchi of Pace University said a key step occurred in about 1977 when he began collaborating on DFMO after meeting Dr. Peter P. McCann of Merrell Dow at a Gordon conference. That led to the discovery of a dramatic curative effect of DFMO in mice; the drug cured the mice infected with a virulent strain of trypanosome within a week. Since then, DFMO has had widespread use as a biological tool in research, and chemists have begun synthesizing other suicide inhibitors in hopes of finding cures for other diseases

Dr. [Harry Meyer] said on the CBS News television program ''CBS Morning News'' that in French tests the drug had been reported ''to actually knock out the virus and suppress virus multiplication in the test tube, and there've been some indications that it may also suppress virus multiplication in people.'' The African swine fever virus infects pigs but is not known to infect humans. Its possible link to AIDS was first suggested two years ago by Jane Teas of the Harvard School of Public Health in a letter published in The Lancet, a British medical journal, and was raised again recently by The New York Native, a newspaper that reports on issues involving homosexuals. #160 Blood Samples Studied In the new study, which was undertaken in July, blood samples were obtained from 160 people who donated blood at the New York Blood Center and who gave samples for an AIDS blood test at doctors' offices and elsewhere. Of the 160 people whose blood was sampled, 46 had evidence of infection with the AIDS virus, designated HTLV-3 or LAV, and 114 did not

Clots in the left side of the heart appear to have been the source of the fragments that broke off and traveled in the blood to lodge in [Michael Drummond]'s brain to cause his strokes, according to lectures by and interviews with Dr. Don B. Olsen, who heads the Artificial Heart Unit at the University of Utah, where the Jarvik-7 was developed, and Dr. Mark M. Levinson, one of Drummond's surgeons. Six people have had implants of Jarvik-7 hearts. The two who have died, Dr. Barney B. Clark and Jack Burcham, did not suffer strokes. In addition to Drummond, three other Jarvik-7 recipients who did suffer strokes as complications remain alive. They are William J. Schroeder and Murray P. Haydon in Louisville and Leif Stenberg in Stockholm. For instance, Dr. Jack G. Copeland, the head of the University Medical Center team that used the Jarvik-7 heart as a bridge to transplant, used only one anticoagulant drug, heparin, on Drummond in the belief that it would be sufficient to prevent clots and strokes without the risk of bleeding. Such bleeding has been a major problem in other Jarvik-7 recipients

In his library research, Dr. [Johnson L. Thistle] noted that MTBE remains liquid in the body. He first tested the effects of MTBE by dissolving gallstones in test tubes. Then he implanted multiple human gallstones in a dog's gallbladder and tested the speed with which the ether solvent dissolved them. He found that not only did MTBE act more rapidly than diethyl ether and another solvent, mono-octanoin, used to dissolve gallstones in the bile ducts, but it did so without irritating the lining of the animals' gallbladders

Dr. [Don B. Olsen] also spoke at the meeting and in lectures at the medical center. Of the clotting around the connection to the aorta, he said that Jarvik-7 researchers ''had not identified this as a problem'' in earlier experiments using the artificial heart in calves and sheep. The blood system of those animals differs from that of humans. ''It was these small crevices in this quick-connect system that led to what we suspect to be the problem,'' Dr. Olsen said. ''We have a prototype already built that we feel comfortable will minimize this a great deal.'' Dr. Olsen said that his team at the University of Utah would begin testing the new design of the artificial heart next month. If tests are successful, he said, ''it would be a very short time'' before the changes would be incorporated in the Jarvik-7 hearts implanted in humans

Mr. [Michael Drummond] said the experience ''was real rough,'' that the device was ''a little noisy'' and that he ''could definitely feel it because of the weight that I had lost.'' Asked what he had to say to the [Tarro K. Griffin] family, Mr. Drummond replied, ''It's wonderful that they did give me a second chance to live.'' Visits from other transplant patients ''inspired me'' to get better ''as fast as possible,'' Mr. Drummond said

A modest, quiet man, Dr. Enders was known as ''The Chief'' to his students and colleagues. Although he was not a physician, Dr. Enders trained several generations of leading experts in infectious disease. Many of his students went on to positions of great importance in American medicine. As a graduate student under Dr. [Hans Zinsser], he switched from medicine to a Ph.D. program in microbiology, a move that some members of his family viewed ''with ''considerable dismay,'' according to Dr. John R. Paul, the medical historian. Dr. George Miller, a virologist and former student of Dr. Enders, who is now the Enders professor of pediatric infectious diseases at Yale, said he often brought students along on visits to Dr. Enders's home in Brookline, Mass., and to Waterford

Today, Clarence Drummond said [Michael Drummond]'s artificial heart ''saved his life'' but added: ''Everybody feels it's much better now that he's got his real heart.'' Mrs. Drummond said today that the artificial heart ''felt strange to him,'' particularly the noise that it made. ''It took him a bit to get used to that.'' In an interview published in today's issue of The Arizona Republic, Willis Griffin Sr., father of the man whose heart Mr. Drummond received, described his son as a ''jolly kid'' and sort of ''godfather to the neighborhood kids.'' [Tarro K. Griffin] was a member of his high school football team, played the trombone in the band and had been a member of the student council, he said

''He was scared and I identified with him because he is the same age as my son,'' Dr. [Cecil Vaughn] said. He said ''there were tears of concern'' as Mr. [Michael Drummond] said he believed ''everyone in this hospital is pulling for me.'' In the two days since the strokes occurred, the doctors had significantly increased Mr. Drummond's dose of heparin, an anticoagulant drug, and added another drug called dextran to help prevent blood clots that could cause additional strokes. Because of the drugs, blood was oozing from Mr. Drummond's chest. ''There was more bleeding than we had hoped for,'' Dr. [Jack G. Copeland] said, adding, however, that he believed ''the bleeding has been controlled'' by the surgical techniques and three blood transfusions. The next month will be the most critical period in determining the success of Mr. Drummond's surgery. ''If he makes it through that time,'' Dr. Copeland said, ''he has a 75 percent chance of surviving one year and a 50 percent chance of surviving five years.''