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''I told him we'd talk in the morning,'' Dr. [William C. DeVries] said, adding ''Rob told me he was going out dancing.'' About 6:45 A.M., the phone rang yet again. ''Everybody wanted to know where I was, and I said I'd be there by 8,'' Dr. DeVries said. ''I took a nice calm shower, and my wife drove me to the hospital.'' He was concerned about ''the acts of God'' and other uncontrollable factors: ''a valve that could break or some other flaw in the heart.'' Now that he was delegating more tasks for this implant operation, he said he worried about ''a heart that might not be sterilized properly or that someone wouldn't do their job.''

One factor is the amount of swelling, called edema, that appears in the heart, presumably from damage to its blood vessels. When doctors look through the microscope at specimens of the normal heart, they see muscle cells that are tightly bound. But when severe edema is present in a rejection reaction, the muscle cells may be separated. The abnormality helps explain why the rejection reaction can disrupt normal heart function

Today might have been William J. Schroeder's funeral. Before he was selected as the second recipient of a permanent artificial heart, his doctors had given him no more than a week to live. But the 52-year-old retired Federal worker has now survived on the experimental device for a week, and physicians say he is continuing to make ''slow and steady progress.'' States of MindWe see patients in our offices whom we think should be candidates for heart transplants or artificial hearts, but they are not psychologically ready,'' Dr. Robert R. Goodin, the Humana team's chief cardiologist, said. Psychological screening and family support are ''absolutely essential'' factors in selecting a recipient, Dr. Goodin said. ''One cannot predict five or eight weeks,'' Dr. Goodin said, ''but one can speak in terms of one to two weeks or one to two days.''

Dr. Peter Heimes, the West German developer of the unit, who directed the experiment today, expressed his anxiety over the procedure. ''The three seconds looked very dangerous,'' he said at a news conference late this afternoon. But he added, ''It worked just fine.'' ''He is much less frisky than yesterday,'' Dr. [Allan M. Lansing] said. ''He looks worn out.'' 'Just Sort of Very Weary' ''He sort of outdid himself yesterday,'' Dr. Lansing said. ''He felt great. All of us felt great.''

''It's different,'' she said, ''but at least it's beating and I can feel it.'' Before he entered the hospital, Mrs. [William J. Schroeder] said, she was unable to feel her husband's heart. ''It was very weak before and now it's a thump, thump sort of feeling,'' she said. Dr. [Allan M. Lansing] said that for Mr. Schroeder, getting out of bed was 'a milestone'' in his recovery, ''another source of encouragement to make him feel better and tremendous mentally.''

Before the doctors discovered the source of that dangerous complication at surgery about six hours after the implant, they had said Mr. Schroeder's operation went ''perfectly.'' Today, the only blood loss was ''oozing,'' not of major importance, Dr. [Allan M. Lansing] said. He also said, ''There appear to be no major complications in any of the organ systems.'' Mrs. Schroeder said: ''We sat down and said, 'Dad, do what you want to do.' He said, 'I have no thoughts but to go all the way.' We said, 'We are behind you.' ''

''They were very relieved, very thankful,'' Dr. [Allan M. Lansing] said, ''to the medical and surgical teams and to the Lord, for the benefits of this day.'' Today, Dr. Lansing said, he could not recall any ''moments of high excitement.'' The strain on the heart team came more from trying to cut through the scars left from a cardiac bypass operation that Mr. [William J. Schroeder] underwent in March 1983. As Dr. Lansing held Mr. Schroeder's natural heart in his hands, he saw evidence of ''multiple previous heart attacks,'' he said. ''I know you will,'' Mr. Schroeder replied. ''I trust you.''

As for his own view of Mr. [William J. Schroeder]'s prospects, Dr. [Allan M. Lansing] said: ''He's just right. He can't live much longer without it, yet I think he is strong enough to survive it.'' Dr. DeVries's team revised the informed consent form before Mr. Schroeder signed it to include specific details about the complications that Dr. [Barney B. Clark] experienced. The form also allowed Mr. Schroeder to designate an advocate with the power to make decisions on his behalf if he became physically or mentally disabled. Further, it gives Dr. DeVries the authority to release to the public any information about the procedure ''within generally accepted bounds of good taste.'' His doctors said Mr. Schroeder faced just as stormy and complicated a period following the implant as Dr. Clark did. Dr. [Robert K. Jarvik] said his team could offer ''no promises'' but that it hoped ''the individual feels his life is enhanced'' by the experiment

Generally, by the time symptoms develop, such as the heart and kidney failure Baby Fae experienced, the rejection reaction is irreversible. For that reason some doctors knowledgeable about transplant reactions were less optimistic about the chances for Baby Fae's recovery than were the reports coming from Loma Linda. It was such caution - perhaps excessive - on the part of Dr. Bailey's team that led Loma Linda doctors to say that they may have brought on Baby Fae's rejection reaction inadvertently by prescribing too small amounts of cyclosporin-A for her. One is the amount of swelling, called edema, that appears in the heart, presumably from damage to its blood vessels. Normal heart cells are tightly bound, but when severe edema is present in a rejection reaction, the muscle cells may be separated. The abnormality helps explain why the rejection reaction can disrupt normal heart function

Each time a new test is developed, scientists have to determine how accurately it detects what it is supposed to detect. In the case of what scientists call a ''false positive,'' test results indicate evidence of infection when, in fact, the specimen is from someone who is infection-free or who has been infected with an agent biologically similar to the one being studied. Conversely, a ''false negative'' occurs when a test fails to detect the presence of an agent. Obviously, each type of error can be extremely harmful, both for the person falsely labeled as having a disease such as AIDS and for the person who receives infected blood. Why so few of the estimated 20,000 hemophiliacs in the United States using Factor VIII therapy have developed the syndrome is not known. Some epidemiologists suspect that hemophiliacs contract AIDS because of contamination of an entire lot of Factor VIII that may have been used by more than 100 individuals, but no lot of Factor VIII has yet been proved to have infected more than one victim. Another possibility is that some hemophiliacs have developed asymptomatic AIDS infections, or an early, unmanifested form of the disease. AIDS is not like measles, in which virtually every susceptible person who comes in contact with the measles virus gets the disease. In fact, as with polio, only a tiny percentage of those who get infected with AIDS go on to develop the severe form of the disease. The situation breeds confusion. For example, some patients living in large cities have gone elsewhere for transfusions in the mistaken belief that blood received there would be safer than blood donated near home. But much of the blood collected in one area of the United States is transfused elsewhere. In several transfusion-associated AIDS cases, the donated blood came from more than one city. In one case in the Middle West, for example, the 22 units of blood a patient received came from 6 states. THE NEWS OF A LINK between Factor VIII and AIDS led some hemophiliacs to stop taking the component, despite the urging of National Hemophilia Foundation officials that the risk of not taking the therapy outweighed the risk of getting AIDS. Avoiding Factor VIII injections could lead to uncontrolled bleeding as well as pain and swelling of the joints