Faculty Bibliography

''A Pope has to appear healthy - people cannot think of the Pope as a diseased man,'' Dr. Giancarlo Castiglioni said the Pope told the doctors in explaining why he accepted the small risk of surgery. The Pope expressed eagerness to resume his duties as soon as possible

In patients with heart disease, they listen with stethoscopes over the chest to detect the presence of a ''gallop'' rhythm or other abnormal changes indicating a worsening of the condition. It was a chance observation that led to the discovery of the hand test for diabetes. In the early 1970's, three young patients with juvenile diabetes were referred to Dr. Arlan L. Rosenbloom of the University of Florida College of Medicine in Gainesville, not because of their diabetes but for complaints of joint stiffness and short stature. One of the most striking features of the new test's discovery, beyond its simplicity, was the bargain cost of its development and use. Dr. Rosenbloom said that applications for financial grants were not made and that he did not spend any research funds beyond the relatively small cost of the initial studies that the National Institutes of Health funded at the Florida medical center's Clinical Research Center

Peptic ulcers - the word ''peptic'' is derived from a Greek verb meaning ''to digest'' - occur with about equal frequency among all socioeconomic groups, yet with varying incidence from country to country, and even within a country

Now that the Government is pulling back its support of research, the world of medical academia is in flux. Many academic physicians no longer regard working for drug companies as a ''dirty'' task. Some researchers have formed new companies to capitalize on molecular biology techniques that promise to bring valuable new diagnostic and therapeutic developments for a wide variety of disorders. Dr. [Charles A. Sanders] said that he was called ''a prostitute'' by an academic colleague for making the move. However, he insisted in an interview that it was a personal decision that did not involve finances. Rather, it reflected a combination of his frustration with administrative problems and the challenge to use his training to help a company speed up the marketing of new therapies that come from basic research. That contract is one of several that reflect a willingness of drug companies to develop new ties with academic centers. ''The leadership of many drug companies has been overly concerned about their bottom line, their management structure, and the technological development of products,'' Dr. Sanders said. ''But if American companies are to maintain their worldwide leadership, they must become much more committed to basic research either by supporting it in academic institutions or developing it within the company.'' Lawrence K. Altman, M.D

There is no bar at Gemelli Hospital for patients. As a result, when visitors - even foreigners who cannot speak Italian - enter the hospital from the lobby, they are often stopped by patients who ask a favor. When one man stopped my interpreter to ask us to bring him a drink, I said, ''It's not a prison. Why can't he get one.'' The man told the interpreter: ''It is a prison.'' One British surgeon told me what he said was the classic joke about patient compliance: Doctor: ''Mrs. Jones, we are scheduling you for a decapitation next Tuesday.'' Mrs. Jones: ''Fine.'' In Italy, the graffiti on the hospital walls often have political intent such as calls to vote for or against a referendum in local elections. Other graffiti messages call the doctors ''pigs'' and ''thieves'' and accuse the hospital staff of using patients as guinea pigs

In a letter alerting other physicians to the problem, Dr. Alvin E. Friedman-Kien of New York University Medical Center, one of the investigators, described the appearance of the outbreak as ''rather devastating.'' The medical investigators say some indirect evidence actually points away from contagion as a cause. None of the patients knew each other, although the theoretical possibility that some may have had sexual contact with a person with Kaposi's Sarcoma at some point in the past could not be excluded, Dr. Friedman-Kien said. Dr. [James Curran] said there was no apparent danger to nonhomosexuals from contagion. ''The best evidence against contagion,'' he said, ''is that no cases have been reported to date outside the homosexual community or in women.''

Epidemiological studies have shown that at least 1 percent of newborns enter the world with an active cytomegalovirus infection. The incidence rises thereafter, with a peak occurring between the ages of 15 and 30. Although the incidence of CMV varies widely throughout the world, cytomegalovirus has left its ''fingerprints'' in the blood of about 80 percent of the people 40 years or older in most populations. Diagnosing the virus can be difficult because individuals who have had a ''silent'' CMV infection can pass the virus in the urine for years. Since isolation of the virus alone does not conclusively link a patient's current medical problem to CMV, the diagnosis reflects a judgmental decision based on a combination of blood, urine and other tests, as well as an evaluation of the patient's clinical history. The risk of acquiring CMV from blood transfusions varies geographically and is considered very low in the United States. Some American experts said privately that they were surprised by the diagnosis of CMV in the Pope because of the small probability that a healthy 61-year-old man had never had a CMV infection in the past. However, CMV was isolated from the Pope's urine, and increasing amounts of protective antibodies were detected in samples of his blood taken over several weeks, according to one of the Pontiff's doctors

The Pope's condition is ''satisfactory'' and his readmission was a precautionary move, Dr. [Emilio Tresalti] said in a telephone interview. He added: ''The Pope had a little fever and we felt it was best to check everything.'' The Pontiff walked into the hospital in good spirits and was not complaining about pain, Dr. Tresalti said. ''The Pope smiled a little, but it was not a smile of somebody who was very happy to come back to the hospital,'' he commented. ROME, June 20 - A Vatican statement released just before the Pope's return to Gemelli Hospital said that [John Paul II] had been suffering from ''persistent fever fluctuations that altered the regular postoperative process, making the recovery of strength more slow and less satisfactory.''

A partial list includes: Antibiotics. The bullet that went through the Pope's body tore apart his bowels, contaminating his abdominal cavity. Feces contain a wide range of bacteria that are harmless in the bowel but can cause lethal infections, such as peritonitis and abscesses, if they escape into the abdominal cavity. Bowel Activity. The bowel is normally paralyzed for a few days after abdominal and other surgeries, the exact period varying with the individual patient. Doctors in recent years have learned that if such a patient drinks or eats during the period of paralysis, potentially fatal complications can develop. Accordingly, food and drink are witheld until the bowel can resume producing the peristaltic waves that sweep the contents through the intestines. For this reason, the Pope's doctors did not allow him to begin to drink or eat until six days after his operation. Hepatitis and Other Infections. The Pope received 10 pints of blood - about the equivalent of his total blood volume - and these transfusions saved his life. Yet they also posed a risk of infection because they might have contained the viruses that cause hepatitis and other diseases. Recently developed tests allow many such organisms to be screened out before transfusions are given. Nevertheless, some organisms cannot be detected and there is always a risk, however slight, of potentially fatal infections. The Pope's doctors gave him a substance, called immune globulin, containing large amounts of antibodies to protect against hepatitis. However, even that measure is not foolproof. The Pope could yet develop hepatitis from the transfusions for up to five more months

The wounds inflicted on the three men are not comparable medically because, although each was struck by a single bullet, the damage occurred to different anatomic areas - the Pope's abdomen, Mr. [Reagan]'s chest and Mr. [James S. Brady]'s brain. - After the operation, Vatican radio said that the pope was ''not in serious condition.'' In fact, the Pope's doctors listed his condition as ''critical'' for 10 days after surgery