Faculty Bibliography

About 1947, the Medical Research Council, the British equivalent of the National Institutes of Health, asked Sir Austin, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene, to investigate the causes of lung cancer. Sir [Austin Bradford Hill], who was not a medical doctor. asked Sir Richard to join him. Initially, Sir Richard said that he and most other physicians did not see a link between cigarettes and lung cancer. In fact, Sir Richard said in an interview with this reporter that at first he suspected that the tar used to pave the growing number of roads, or possibly automobile exhaust, were at the root of the lung cancer epidemic. Sir [Harold Himsworth], a physician, was also concerned because the findings were so critically important and unexpected. He demanded that Sir Austin and Sir Richard confirm them in studies elsewhere in England. They did

Dr. [Sandra J. Horning], who practices and does research on lymphomas at Stanford, wanted to be a doctor since she was 14. Her father died of cancer when she was 21 and a medical student. Her mother has survived two types of cancer. That family experience ''helped me in a way understand and perhaps be better prepared to deal with some of the emotional issues that are related to cancer diagnosis, treatment and survival,'' Dr. Horning said. ''But at the same time I thought about my career,'' Dr. Horning said. ''Medicine is more than a career. For me it is a passion.'' As an oncologist, she was better informed than other people. Still, she said, she sought opinions from breast cancer specialists elsewhere, and she avoided directing her care. So she bought a wig. Her patients, friends and family, said Dr. Horning, who is a blond, ''saw me as a redhead.'' Dr. Horning said that in caring for patients she placed communications at the top of the list. The reason, she said, is that while she was training to become an oncologist, a patient told her that whenever Dr. Saul A. Rosenberg, Dr. Horning's mentor, entered the room, his presence made that seriously ill patient feel better

In the study, survival strongly correlated with the number of lymph nodes removed, Dr. [Natalie G. Coburn] said. Standard guidelines call for removal and examination of at least 15 lymph nodes for stomach cancer. Adherence to the guidelines varied geographically. More than twice as many patients in Hawaii (33.4 percent) survived five years after detection of stomach cancer than in Utah (16.2 percent). In Hawaii, the median number of lymph nodes removed was 15, compared with 6 in Utah. But even in Hawaii, 47.5 percent of patients did not have enough lymph nodes removed, Dr. Coburn said

Officials have been racing to develop a vaccine because they worry that if that strain mutated and combined with a human influenza virus to create a new virus, it could spread rapidly. Tens of millions of birds have died from infection with the virus and from culling to prevent the spread of the virus. About 100 people have been infected, and about 50 have died from this strain of the avian influenza virus, called A(H5N1). So far there has been no sustained human-to-human transmission, but that is what health officials fear, because it could cause a pandemic. The director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the United States, Dr. Anthony Fauci, said that while the vaccine that has undergone preliminary tests could be used on an emergency basis if a pandemic developed, it would still be several months before that vaccine was tested further and, if licensed, offered to the public. In Taiwan, Dr. Kuo Hsu-sung, director general of the Center for Disease Control, said that the authorities in Taiwan were so concerned about the long-term risks of an influenza pandemic, as well as the annual harm from more routine outbreaks of human influenza, that the island planned to build its own human influenza vaccine factory. But building a factory and putting it into production will take four years, Kuo warned. For now, Taiwan has a supply of Tamiflu, the only medicine known to work against bird flu, adequate to treat 1 percent of its population

The recipient of the transplant was a 38-year-old woman who was severely disfigured after being attacked by a dog, said the surgeon, Dr. Jean-Michel Dubernard of Lyons. The operation was carried out in Amiens on Sunday. In a brief telephone interview, Dubernard said the two surgical teams grafted a nose, lips and chin from a donor who had been declared brain dead onto the woman's face

Kuschyk, whose main research field is sudden death, said his interest in roller coasters began when a journalist asked about the dangers of coasters to the heart. When Kuschyk searched databases, he found no studies in scientific journals. One potential danger is a coaster's magnetic brakes, which can interfere with the function of pacemakers and defibrillators, Kuschyk said. The study, conducted in Hassloch, Germany, involved 55 adults and Expedition GeForce, a 120-second ride that starts with a 62-meter, or 203-foot, ascent followed by a free fall. The coaster has changes in gravity of six G's in four seconds, and a maximum speed of 120 kilometers an hour, or 75 miles an hour. The author, Dr. Jurgen Kuschyk, a cardiologist at the University of Mannheim, found that one participant's heart rate reached 200 beats a minute, which could cause dangerous rhythm abnormalities

It also urged that adults ages 19 to 65 have the booster against whooping cough, also called pertussis, 10 years after their last shot against the disease. They could receive the vaccine at the same time as their booster against tetanus and diphtheria, because a newly licensed vaccine -- Adacel, made by Sanofi Pasteur -- offers protection against all three diseases. Using estimates made by the disease centers, the panel said routine hepatitis A immunization would prevent up to 180,000 infections and 30,000 illnesses each year among children and adults, advancing the goal of eliminating the disease in this country. Adverse reactions to the vaccine are reported as rare. In recommending hepatitis A shots for toddlers, the panel cited the success of a vaccination program in 17 states that had had a high incidence of the disease: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wyoming

After Dr. Marshall and Dr. [J. Robin Warren] discovered the role of the spiral-shaped H. pylori bacterium, they and others conducted trials showing that antibiotics and drugs inhibiting the production of stomach acid could cure gastritis and most stomach and duodenal ulcers. Dr. [Barry J. Marshall] joined Dr. Warren in studying biopsies from a series of patients. After several attempts, Dr. Marshall succeeded in growing a bacterium that was unknown then; he named it Campylobacter pyloridis, believing that it was a member of the Campylobacter family. (It was later found to be a member of the Helicobacter family and renamed H. pylori.) In earlier interviews, Dr. Marshall described how at age 32, he swallowed a gastroscope tube to allow another doctor to look at his stomach and take several biopsies. These procedures and examinations were needed to document that Dr. Marshall had no H. pylori in his stomach and did not suffer from gastritis or another abnormality

Mr. [Cheney], 64, who has had four heart attacks, will remain overnight in the hospital after the procedure. Steve Schmidt, his spokesman, described the surgery as an elective procedure so it would ''not become a problem over time.'' The aneurysm is in the popliteal artery behind Mr. Cheney's right knee, his spokesman said. During a routine examination in July, the vice president's doctors ''identified small, dilated segments of the arteries behind both knees,'' according to a statement