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Advancing environmental exposure assessment science to benefit society
Caplin, Andrew; Ghandehari, Masoud; Lim, Chris; Glimcher, Paul; Thurston, George
Awareness of the human health impacts of exposure to air pollution is growing rapidly. For example, it has become evident that the adverse health effects of air pollution are more pronounced in disadvantaged populations. Policymakers in many jurisdictions have responded to this evidence by enacting initiatives that lead to lower concentrations of air pollutants, such as urban traffic restrictions. In this review, we focus on the interplay between advances in environmental exposure assessment and developments in policy. We highlight recent progress in the granular measurement of air pollutants and individual-level exposures, and how this has enabled focused local policy actions. Finally, we detail an illustrative study designed to link individual-level health-relevant exposures with economic, behavioral, biological, familial, and environmental variables.
PMID: 30874557
ISSN: 2041-1723
CID: 3733512
Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies' Environmental Committee, Part 2: Air Pollution and Organ Systems
Schraufnagel, Dean E; Balmes, John R; Cowl, Clayton T; De Matteis, Sara; Jung, Soon-Hee; Mortimer, Kevin; Perez-Padilla, Rogelio; Rice, Mary B; Riojas-Rodriguez, Horacio; Sood, Akshay; Thurston, George D; To, Teresa; Vanker, Anessa; Wuebbles, Donald J
Although air pollution is well known to be harmful to the lung and airways, it can also damage most other organ systems of the body. It is estimated that about 500,000 lung cancer deaths and 1.6 million COPD deaths can be attributed to air pollution, but air pollution may also account for 19% of all cardiovascular deaths and 21% of all stroke deaths. Air pollution has been linked to other malignancies, such as bladder cancer and childhood leukemia. Lung development in childhood is stymied with exposure to air pollutants, and poor lung development in children predicts lung impairment in adults. Air pollution is associated with reduced cognitive function and increased risk of dementia. Particulate matter in the air (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) is associated with delayed psychomotor development and lower child intelligence. Studies link air pollution with diabetes mellitus prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Pollution affects the immune system and is associated with allergic rhinitis, allergic sensitization, and autoimmunity. It is also associated with osteoporosis and bone fractures, conjunctivitis, dry eye disease, blepharitis, inflammatory bowel disease, increased intravascular coagulation, and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Atopic and urticarial skin disease, acne, and skin aging are linked to air pollution. Air pollution is controllable and, therefore, many of these adverse health effects can be prevented.
PMID: 30419237
ISSN: 1931-3543
CID: 3660182
Air Pollution and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies' Environmental Committee, Part 1: The damaging effects of air pollution
Schraufnagel, Dean E; Balmes, John; Cowl, Clayton T; De Matteis, Sara; Jung, Soon-Hee; Mortimer, Kevin; Perez-Padilla, Rogelio; Rice, Mary B; Riojas-Rodroguez, Horacio; Sood, Akshay; Thurston, George D; To, Teresa; Vanker, Anessa; Wuebbles, Donald J
Air pollution poses a great environmental risk to health. Outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world, accounting for 4.2 million deaths and more than a hundred million disability-adjusted-life-years lost according to the Global Burden of Disease Report. The World Health Organization attributes 3.8 million additional deaths to Indoor air pollution. Air pollution can harm acutely, usually manifested by respiratory or cardiac symptoms, as well as chronically, potentially affecting every organ in the body. It can cause, complicate, or exacerbate many adverse health conditions. Tissue damage may result directly from pollutant toxicity, because fine and ultrafine particles can gain access to organs, or indirectly through systemic inflammatory processes. Susceptibility is partly under genetic and epigenetic regulation. Although air pollution affects people of all regions, ages, and social groups, it is likely to cause greater illness in those with heavy exposure and greater susceptibility. Persons are more vulnerable to air pollution if they have other illnesses or less social support. Harmful effects occur on a continuum of dosage and even at levels below air quality standards previously considered to be safe.
PMID: 30419235
ISSN: 1931-3543
CID: 3456822
The Effects of Home Particulate Air Filtration on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review [Meeting Abstract]
Walzer, Dalia; Gordon, Terry; Thorpe, Lorna; Thurston, George; Xia, Yuhe; Zhong, Hua; Roberts, Timothy R.; Hochman, Judith S.; Newman, Jonathan D.
ISI:000529998004029
ISSN: 0009-7322
CID: 4508102
Recent spatial gradients and time trends in Dhaka, Bangladesh air pollution and their human health implications
Rahman, Md Mostafijur; Mahamud, Shakil; Thurston, George D
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is among the most polluted cities in the world. This research evaluates seasonal patterns, day-of-week patterns, spatial gradients, and trends in PM2.5 (< 2.5µm in aerodynamic diameter), PM10 (< 10µm in aerodynamic diameter), and gaseous pollutants concentrations (SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) monitored in Dhaka from 2013 to 2017. It expands on past work by considering multiple monitoring sites and air pollutants. Except for ozone, the average concentrations of these pollutants showed strong seasonal variation, with maximum during winter and minimum during monsoon, with the pollution concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 being roughly 5-6 fold higher during winter vs. monsoon. Our comparisons of the pollutant concentrations with Bangladesh-NAAQS and US-NAAQS limits analysis indicate particulate matter (PM2.5 & PM10) as the air pollutants of greatest concern, as they frequently exceeded the Bangladesh-NAAQS and US-NAAQS, especially during non-monsoon time. In contrast, gaseous pollutants reported far fewer exceedances throughout the study period. During the study period, the highest number of exceedances of NAAQS limits in Dhaka city (Darus-Salam site) found for PM2.5 (72% of total study days), followed by PM10 (40% of total study days), O3 (1.7% of total study days), SO2 (0.38% of total study days), and CO (0.25% of total study days). The trend analyses results showed statistically significant positive slopes over time for SO2 [5.6 ppb yr-1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.7, 10.5] and CO [0.32 ppm yr-1, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.56] which suggest increase in brick kilns operation and high sulfur diesel use. Though the statistically non-significant annual decreasing slopes for PM2.5 [-4.6 µg/m3 yr-1, 95% CI: -12.7, 3.6] & PM10 [-2.7 µg/m3 yr-1, 95% CI: -7.9, 2.5] were observed during this study period, the PM2.5 concentration is still too high (~82.0 µg/m3) and can cause severe impact on human health. Implications This study revealed key insights into air quality challenges across Dhaka, Bangladesh, indicating particulate matter (PM) as Dhaka's most serious air pollutant threat to human health. The results of these analyses indicate that there is a need for immediate further investigations, and action based on those investigations, including the conduct local epidemiological PM exposure-human health effects studies for this city, in order to determine the most public health effective interventions.
PMID: 30427285
ISSN: 2162-2906
CID: 3457242
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Roth, Gregory A.; Collaborotors, G. B. D.Causes Death; Abate, Degu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abay, Solomon M.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbasi, Nooshin; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Load; Abdela, Jemal; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Haftom Temesgen; Abebe, Molla; Abebe, Zegeye; Abejie, Ayenew Negesse; Abera, Semaw F.; Abil, Olifan Zewdie; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Abrham, Aklilu Roba; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Acharya, Dilaram; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adebayo, Oladimeji; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adookunboh, Olatunii; Adhena, Beyene Meressa; Adib, Mina G.; Admasie, Aniha; Afshin, Ashkan; Agarwal, Gina; Agesa, Karelia M.; Agrawal, Anurag; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmadi, Melidi; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Sayent; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aichour, Miloud Taki Fddine; Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil; Akinyeniti, Rufus Olusola; Akseer, Nadia; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Alandab, Fares; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Tahiya; Alebel, Animut; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Alonso, Jordi; Altirkawi, Khalid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Aminde, Leopold N.; Amini, Erfan; Ammar, Walid; Amoako, Yaw Ampern; Anber, Nahla Hamed; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Androudi, Sofia; Animut, Megbaru Debalkie; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansari, Hossein; Aniha, Mustafa Geleto; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anwari, Palwasha; Aremu, Olatunde; Arnlov, Johan; Arora, Amit; Arora, Monika; Artaman, Al; Aryal, Krishna K.; Asayesh, Hamid; Asfaw, Ephremi Tsegay; Ataro, Zerihun; Atique, Suleman; Atre, Sachin R.; Ausloos, Marcel; Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintattilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayele, Yohanes; Ayer, Rakesh; Azzopardi, Peter S.; Babazadeh, Arefeh; Bacha, Umar; Badali, Hamid; Badawi, Alaa; Bali, Ayele Geleto; Ballesteros, Katherine E.; Banach, Maciej; Banerjee, Kajori; Bannick, Marlena S.; Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar; Barboza, Miguel A.; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyu; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barquera, Simon; Barrero, Lope; Bassat, Quique; Base, Sanjay; Baune, Bernhard T.; Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Beth, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Mcysam; Bejot, Yannick; Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Belacliew, Abate Bekele; Belay, Ezra; Belay, Yihalem Abebe; Bell, Michelle L.; Bello, Aminu K.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Berman, Adam F.; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bernstein, Robert S.; Bertolacci, Gregory J.; Beuran, Mircea; Beyranvand, Tina; Bhalla, Ashish; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhaumik, Sounayadeeep; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Biadgo, Belete; Biehl, Molly H.; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Bilano, Ver; Bililign, Nigus; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shandaat; Bisanzio, Donal; Biswas, Tuhin; Blacker, Brigitte F.; Basara, Berrak Bora; Borschmann, Rohan; Bosetti, Cristina; Bozorgmehr, Kayvan; Brady, Oliver J.; Brant, Luisa C.; Brayne, Carol; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Brenner, Hermann; Briant, Paul Svitil; Britton, Gabrielle; Brugha, Traolach; Busse, Reinhard; Butt, Zahid A.; Callender, Charlton S. K. H.; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Rincon, Julio Cesar Canapuzano; Cano, Jorge; Car, Mate; Cardenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Carrero, Juan J.; Carter, Austin; Carvalho, Felix; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Castle, Chris D.; Castro, Clara; Castro, Franz; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Cerin, Ester; Chaiah, Yazan; Chang, Jung -Chen; Chanson, Fiona J.; Chaturvedi, Pankaj; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Chitheet, Abdulaal; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Chiang, Sheng-Chia; Cicuttini, Flavia M.; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Cohen, Aaron J.; Cooper, Leslie Trumbull; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Cortinovis, Monica; Cousin, Ewerton; Cowie, Benjamin C.; Criqui, Michael H.; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Crowe, Christopher Stephen; Crump, John A.; Cunningham, Matthew; Daba, Alemneh Kabeta; Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dang, Anh Kim; Dargan, Paul I.; Daryani, Ahmad; Das, Siddharth K.; Das Gupta, Rajat; Das Neves, Jose; Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye; Dash, Aditya Prasad; Davis, Adrian C.; Weaver, Nicole Davis; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Davletov, Kairat; De La Hoz, Fernando Pio; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Degefa, Meaza Girma; Degenhardt, Louisa; Degfie, Tizta T.; Deiparine, Selina; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Demtsu, Baleen Betsu; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Deribe, Kebede; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Jarlais, Don C. Des; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Dey, Subhojit; Dhannaratne, Samath D.; Dicker, Daniel; Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese; Ding, Eric L.; Dirac, M. Ashworth; Djalalinia, Shirin; Dokova, Klara; Ter Doku, David; Donnelly, Christl A.; Dorsey, E. Ray; Doshi, Pratik P.; Douwes-Schultz, Dirk; Doyle, Kerrie E.; Driscoll, Tim R.; Dubey, Manisha; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Duken, Eyasu Ejeta; Duncan, Bruce B.; Duraes, Andre R.; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Ebrahimpour, Soheil; Edessa, Dumessa; Edvardsson, David; Eggen, Anne Elise; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; El-Khatib, Ziad; Elkout, Hajer; Eltinsel, Christian Lycke; Endres, Matthias; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Er, Benjamin; Erskine, Holly E.; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esmaeili, Reza; Esteghamati, Alireza; Fakhar, Mahdi; Fakhim, Hamed; Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Fareed, Mohammad; Farhadi, Farzaneh; Faninha, Carla Sofia E. Sa; Faro, Andre; Farvid, Maryam S.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein; Feign, Valery L.; Feigl, Andrea B.; Fentahun, Netsanet; Eereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Fernandes, Joao C.; Ferrari, Alice J.; Feyissa, Garumma Tolu; Filip, Irina; Finegold, Samuel; Fischer, Florian; Eitzmaurice, Christina; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Foreman, Kyle J.; Fornari, Carla; Frank, Tahvi D.; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fuller, John E.; Fullman, Nancy; Furst, Thomas; Furtado, Joao M.; Futran, Neal D.; Gallus, Silvano; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A.; Gardner, William M.; Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Gebrehiwol, Tsegaye Tewelde; Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Gebremichael, Bereket; Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo; Gelano, Tilayie Feto; Geleijinse, Johanna M.; Genova-Maleras, Ricard; Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea; Gething, Peter W.; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul; Ghadimi, Reza; Falavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi; Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam; Ghimire, Mamata; Gibney, Katherine B.; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K.; Gillum, Richard F.; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed; Giroud, Maurice; Giussani, Giorgia; Goenka, Shifalika; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Goli, Srinivas; Gomez-Dantes, Hector; Gona, Philimon N.; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gorman, Taren M.; Goto, Atsushi; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.; Grada, Aymara; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gugnani, Hanish Chander; Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena; Gun, Nailing; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rahid; Gupta, Rajenv; Gupta, Tanush; Gutierrez, Reyna Alma; Gyawali, Bishal; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hagos, Tekleberhan B.; Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hamadeh, Randall R.; Hamidi, Sinner; Handal, Meads J.; Hankey, Graeme J.; Harb, Hilda L.; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasan, Mehedi; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Roderick J.; Hay, Simon I.; He, Yihua; Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar; Hegazy, Mohamed I.; Heibati, Behzad; Heidari, Mohsen; Hendrie, Delia; Henok, Andualem; Henry, Nathaniel J.; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Heydarpour, Pouria; Heydarpour, Sousan; Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw; Hoek, Hans W.; Hole, Michael K.; Red, Enayatollah Homaie; Hoogar, Praveen; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hotez, Peter J.; Hoy, Damian C.; Hsiao, Thomas; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, John J.; Husseini, Abdullatif; Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama; Hutfless, Susan; Idrisov, Bulat; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Iqbal, Usman; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter; Islam, Nazrul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jahangiry, Leila; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jain, Sudhir Kumar; Jakovlievic, Mihajlo; Jalu, Moti Tolera; James, Spencer L.; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jenkins, Kathy J.; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Johnson, Catherine O.; Johnson, Sarah C.; Jonas, Jost B.; Joshi, Ankur; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jungari, Suresh Banayya; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Zubair; Kadel, Rajendra; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalani, Rizwan; Karami, Manoochehr; Matin, Behzad Karami; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine; Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassa, Dessalegn H.; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kaul, Anil; Kazemi, Zhila; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Kazi, Dhruv Satish; Kefale, Adane Teshome; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemp, Grant Rodgers; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaei, Behzad; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajavi, Alireza; Khalid, Nauman; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Khan, Muhammad Ali; Khang, Young-Ho; Khater, Mona M.; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.; Kibret, Getiye D.; Kidanemariam, Zelalem Teklemariam; Kiirithio, Daniel N.; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kisa, Adnan; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kivimaki, Mika; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kocarnik, Jonathan M.; Kochhar, Sonali; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolola, Tufa; Kopec, Jacek A.; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael A.; Krishan, Kewal; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kinuk; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kutz, Michael J.; Kuzin, Igor; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Lad, Deepesh P.; Lad, Sheetal D.; Lafranconi, Alessandra; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lam, Jennifer O.; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lansingh, Van C.; Lansky, Sonia; Larson, Heidi J.; Latifi, Amman; Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Lebedev, Georgy; Lee, Paul H.; Leigh, James; Leili, Mostafa; Leshargie, Cheru Tesema; Li, Shanshan; Li, Yichong; Liang, Juan; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S.; Limenih, Miteku Andualem; Linn, Shai; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Yang; Lodha, Rakesh; Lansdale, Chris; Lopez, Alan D.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Rafael; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Ma, Stefan; Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King; Mackay, Mark T.; MacLachlan, Jennifer H.; Maddison, Emilie R.; Nadotto, Fabiana; Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy; Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy; Maghavani, Dhaval P.; Majdan, Marek; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manda, Ana-Laura; Mandarano-Filho, Luiz Garcia; Manguerra, Helena; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher; Marami, Dadi; Maravilla, Joemer C.; Marcenes, Wagner; Marczak, Laurie; Marks, Ashley; Marks, Guy B.; Martinez, Gabriel; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Martopullo, Ira; Marz, Winfried; Marron, Melvin B.; Masci, Joseph R.; Lylassenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mathur, Prashant; Matzopoulos, Richard; Maulik, Pallab K.; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Cohn; McGrath, John J.; McKee, Martin; McMahon, Brian J.; Mehata, Suiiesh; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mehta, Kala M.; Mehta, Varshil; Mekonnen, Tefera C.; Melese, Addisu; Melku, Mulugeta; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mengistu, Getnet; Mensah, George A.; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Meshovic, Tbmislav; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Millear, Anoushka I.; Miller, Ted R.; Katherine, Molly; Petrie, Miller; Mini, G. K.; Mirabi, Parvaneh; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Mitiku, Habtamu; Moazen, Babak; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammad, Moslem; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammed, A. Mohammed; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradinazar, Mehdi; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Velasquez, Ilais Moreno; Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Moschos, Marilita M.; Mouodi, Simin; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Muchie, Kindie Eentahun; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath; Muller, Kate; Mumford, John Everett; Musa, Jonah; Musa, Kamand Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Nachega, Jean B.; Nagel, Gabriele; Naheed, Aliya; Nahvijou, Azin; Naik, Gunidatta; Nair, Sanjeev; Najafi, Farid; Naldi, Luigi; Nam, Hae Sung; Nangia, Vinay; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Nascirnento, Bruno Ramos; Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan; Nearnati, Nahid; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxcandra Irina; Nettpane, Subas; Newton, Charles R. J.; Ngalesoni, Frida N.; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.; Anh Quynh Nguyen; Nguyen, Grant; Ha Thu Nguyen; Luong Thanh Nguyen; Long Hoang Nguyen; Minh Nguyen; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Nichols, Emma; Ningnun, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Nixon, Molly R.; Nolutshungu, Nomonde; Nomura, Shhhei; Norhelin, Ole F.; Noroozi, Mehdi; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nouri, Hamid Reza; Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour; Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza; Nyasulu, Peter S.; Odell, Christopher M.; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olivares, Pedro R.; Olsen, Helen Elizabeth; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Ong, Kanyin L.; Ong, Sok King Sk; Oren, Eyal; Orpana, Heather M.; Ortiz, Alberto; Ortiz, Justin R.; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Overland, Simon; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Ozdemir, Raziye; Mahesh, P. A.; Pacella, Rosana; Pakhale, Smita; Pakhare, Abhijit P.; Pakpour, Amir H.; Pana, Adrian; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai; Parisi, Andrea; Park, Eun-Kee; Parry, Charles D. H.; Parsian, Hadi; Patel, Shanti; Pati, Sanghamitra; Patton, George C.; Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao; Paulson, Katherine R.; Pereira, Alexandre; Pereira, David M.; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael R.; Piel, Frederic B.; Pigott, David M.; Pillay, Julian David; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Pishgar, Farhad; Polinder, Suzanne; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Pujar, Ashwini; Prakash, Swayam; Prasad, Narayan; Purcell, Caroline A.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quintana, Hedley; Quistberg, D. Alex; Rade, Kirankumar Waman; Radfah, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Kazem; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajsic, Sasa; Ram, Usha; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranjan, Prabhat; Rao, Puja C.; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Razo-Garcia, Christian; Reddy, K. Srinath; Reiner, Robert C.; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaei, Satar; Rezaeian, Shahab; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.; Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus; Roba, Kedir Teji; Roberts, Nicholas L. S.; Robinson, Stephen R.; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rostami, Ali; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Roy, Ambuj; Rubagotti, Enrico; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Ehsan; Safari, Hosein; Safdarian, Mahdi; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Salam, Nasir; Salama, Joseph S.; Salamati, Payman; Saldanha, Raphael De Freitas; Saleem, Zikria; Salimi, Yahya; Salvi, Sundeep Santosh; Salz, Inbal; Sambala, Evanson Zondani; Samy, Abdatiah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores; Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Santos, Itamar S.; Santos, Joao Vasco; Milicevic, Milena M. Santric; Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao; Sarker, Abdur Razzaque; Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sartorius, Benn; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Sathian, Brijesh; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawant, Arundhati R.; Sawhney, Monika; Saxena, Sonia; Sayyah, Mehdi; Schaeffher, Elke; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schneider, Ione J. C.; Schottker, Ben; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Schwebel, David C.; Schwendicke, Falk; Scott, James G.; Sekerija, Mario; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Servan-Mori, Edson; Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba; Shabaninejad, Hosein; Shackelford, Katya Anne; Shafieesabet, Azadeh; Shahbazi, Mehdi; Shaheen, Amira A.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsi, Mohammadbagher; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Sharafi, Kiomars; Sharif, Mehdi; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mandi; Sharma, Rajesh; She, Jun; Sheikh, Aziz; Shi, Peilin; Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisav; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shiue, Ivy; Shokraneh, Farhad; Shrine, Mark G.; Si, Si; Siabani, Soraya; Siddiqi, Tariq J.; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig; Silberberg, Donald H.; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Joao Pedro; Da Silva, Natacha Torres; Silveira, Dayane Bride Alves; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Narinder Pal; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Singh, Virendra; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Sliwa, Karen; Smith, Mari; Sobaih, Badr Hasan; Sobhani, Soheila; Solangwi, Eugene; Soneji, Samir S.; Soofi, Moslem; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Soriano, Joan B.; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Sposato, Luciano A.; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar F.; Srinivasan, Vinay; Stanaway, Jeffrey D.; Starodubov, Vladimir I.; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Stein, Dan J.; Steiner, Caitlyn; Stewart, Leo G.; Stokes, Mark A.; Subart, Michelle L.; Sudaryanto, Agus; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Sur, Patrick John; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Sykes, Bryan L.; Sylaja, P. N.; Sylte, Dillon O.; Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar; Takahashi, Ken; Tandon, Nikhil; Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel; Taveira, Nuno; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw; Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Temsah, Omar; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Teshale, Manaye Yihune; Tesserna, Belay; Tessema, Gizachew Assefa; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thirinavukkarasu, Sathish; Thomas, Nihal; Thrift, Amanda G.; Thurston, George D.; Tilahun, Binyam; To, Quyen G.; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tonellli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Torre, Anna E.; Tortajada-Cirbes, Miguel; Touvier, Mathilde; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Bach Xuan Tran; Khah Bao Tran; Tripathi, Suryakant; Troeger, Christopher E.; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Nu Thi Truong; Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel; Tsoi, Derrick; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Tuzcu, E. Murat; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ukwaja, Kingsley N.; Whiff, Irfan; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Updike, Rachel L.; Usman, Muhammad Shariq; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Uzun, Selen Begum; Vaduganathan, Muthiah; Vaezi, Afsane; Vaidya, Gaurang; Valdez, Pascual R.; Varavikova, Elena; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Villafaina, Santos; Violante, Francesco S.; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Vlassov, Vasily; Vollset, Stein Email; Vos, Theo; Wagner, Gregory R.; Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw; Waheed, Yasir; Wallin, Mitchell Taylor; Watson, Judd L.; Wang, Yanping; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Wassie, Molla Mesele; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert G.; Weldegebreal, Eitsum; Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey; Werdecker, Andrea; Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew; West, T. Eoin; Westerman, Ronny; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Widecka, Justyna; Wilner, Lauren B.; Wilson, Shadrach; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wolfe, Charles D. A.; Wu, Shouling; Wu, Yun-Chun; Wyper, Grant M. A.; Xavier, Denis; Xu, Gelin; Yadgir, Simon; Yadollahpour, Ali; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yakob, Bereket; Yan, Lijing L.; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yasin, Yasin Jemal; Yentur, Gokalp Kadri; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yimer, Ebrahim M.; Yip, Paul; Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yonga, Gerald; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Yotebieng, Marcel; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Yu, Chuanhua; Zadnik, Vesna; Zaidi, Zoubida; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zamani, Mohammad; Zare, Zohreh; Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw; Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew; Zhang, Anthony Lin; Zhang, Kai; Zhou, Maigeng; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna; Naghavi, Ntishsen; Murray, Christopher J. L.
Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. ISI:000449710900004
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 3493202
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Stanaway, Jeffrey D.; Afshin, Ashkan; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Lim, Stephen S.; Abate, Degu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassell; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbasi, Nooshin; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdela, Jemal; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Molla; Abebe, Zegeye; Abera, Semaw F.; Abil, Olifan Zewdie; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Abrham, Aklilu Roba; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Acharya, Dilaram; Acharya, Pawan; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adane, Akikw Awoke; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adekanmbi, Victor; Ademi, Zanfina; Adetokunboh, Olatunji; Adib, Mina G.; Admasie, Amha; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agarwal, Gina; Aggarwal, Anju; Aghayan, Sargis Aghast; Agrawal, Anurag; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Akseer, Nadia; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Alandab, Fares; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Samiah; Alam, Tahiya; Alashi, Alaa; Alavian, Seyed Moayed; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Ali, Komal; Ali, Syed Mustafa; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Ammar, Walid; Anber, Nahla Hamed; Anderson, Jason A.; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Androudi, Sofia; Animut, Megbaru Debalkie; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Anto, Josep M.; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anwari, Palwasha; Appiah, Lambert Tetteh; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw; Arabloo, Jalal; Aremu, Olatunde; Amlov, Johan; Artaman, Al; Aryal, Krishna K.; Asayesh, Hamid; Ataro, Zerihun; Ausloos, Marcel; Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayer, Rakesh; Ayuk, Tanabe B.; Azzopardi, Peter S.; Babazadeff, Arefeh; Badali, Hamid; Badawi, Alaa; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Bali, Ayele Geleto; Ball, Kylie; Bellew, Shoshana H.; Banach, Maciej; Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar; Barac, Aleksandra; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bamighausen, Till Winfried; Barrero, Lope H.; Basu, Sanjay; Baune, Bernhard T.; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Meysam; Bejoy, Yannick; Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Bekru, Fyasu Tamru; Belay, Ezra; Belay, Yilhalem Abebe; Bell, Michelle L.; Bello, Aminu K.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Bergeron, Gilles; Berhane, Adugnaw; Bemabe, Eduardo; Bemstein, Robert S.; Beuran, Mircea; Beyranvand, Tina; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhalla, Ashish; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Biadgo, Belete; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Bilano, Ver; Bililign, Nigus; Bin Sayeed, Muhamad Shandaat; Bisanzio, Donal; Biswas, Tuhin; Bjorge, Tone; Blacker, Brigette F.; Bleyer, Archie; Borschmann, Rohan; Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R.; Boufous, Soufiane; Bourne, Rupert; Brady, Oliver J.; Brauer, Michael; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Brenner, Hermann; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich; Britton, Gabrielle; Brugha, Traolach; Buchbindet, Rachelle; Burnett, Richard T.; Busse, Reinhard; Butt, Zahid A.; Cahill, Leah E.; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Cardenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Carrero, Juan J.; Carvalho, Felix; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Castro, Franz; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Causey, Kate; Cercy, Kelly M.; Cerin, Ester; Chaiah, Yazan; Chang, Hying-Ti; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chang, Kai-Lan; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chattopadhyay, Aparajita; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chee, Miao Li; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Chew, Adrienne; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chin, Ken Lee; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Choi, Jee-Young J.; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Cicuttini, Flavia M.; Grillo, Massimo; Cohen, Aaron J.; Collado-Mateo, Daniel; Cooper, Cyrus; Cooper, Owen R.; Coresh, Josef; Cornaby, Leslie; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Cortinovis, Monica; Costa, Megan; Cousin, Ewerton; Criqui, Michael H.; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Cundiff, David K.; Daba, Alenmeh Kabeta; Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Damasceno, Alberti Antonio Moura; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Darby, Sarah C.; Dargan, Paul I.; Daryani, Ahmed; Das Gupta, Rajat; Das Neves, Jose; Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye; Dash, Aditya Prasad; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Davletov, Kairat; De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; De Leo, Diego; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Degenhardt, Louisa; Deiparine, Selina; Dellavalle, Robert P.; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Deribe, Kebede; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Deshpande, Aniruddha; Jarlais, Don C. Des; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Deveber, Gabrielle Aline; Dey, Subhojit; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese; Ding, Eric L.; Diro, Helen Derara; Djalalinia, Shirin; Huyen Phoc Do; Dokova, Klara; Doku, David Teye; La Doyle, Kerrie; Driscoll, Tim R.; Dubey, Manisha; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Duken, Eyasu Ejeta; Duncan, Bruce B.; Duraes, Andre R.; Ebert, Natalie; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Ebrahimpour, Soheil; Edvardsson, David; Elfiong, Andem; Eggen, Anne Elise; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; El-Khatib, Iad; Elyazar, Iqbal Rf; Enayati, Ahmadali; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Er, Benjamin; Erskine, Holly E.; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esteghamati, Alireza; Estep, Kara; Fakhim, Hamed; Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Fareed, Mohammad; Farid, Talha A.; Farinha, Carla Sofia E. 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Dean; Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hoy, Damian G.; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hsiao, Thomas; Hu, Guoqing; Ha, Howard; Huang, John J.; Hussen, Mamusha Aman; Huynh, Chantal K.; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Ikeda, Nayu; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Iqbal, Usman; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Jackson, Maria D.; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jahangiry, Leila; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jain, Sudhir Kumar; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; James, Spencer L.; Jassal, Simerjot K.; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Ji, John S.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jonnagaddala, Jitendra; Shushtari, Zahra Jorjoran; Joshi, Ankur; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Zubair; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalani, Rizwan; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kant, Surya; Kar, Chittaranjan; Karami, Manoochehr; Matin, Behzad Karami; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine; Karimi, Narges; Karimi, Seyed M.; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassa, Dessalegn H.; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Kazemi, Zhila; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Kefale, Adane Teshome; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemp, Grant Rodgers; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaei, Behzad; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajavi, Alireza; Khalid, Nauman; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Khan, Muhammad Ali; Khang, Young-Ho; Khater, Mona M.; Khazaei, Mohammad; Khazaie, Habibolah; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.; Kiirithio, Daniel N.; Kim, Cho-Il; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinfh, Yohannes; Kisa, Adnan; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kivimaki, Mika; Knibbs, Luke D.; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kochhar, Sonali; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolola, Tufa; Kopec, Jacek A.; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael A.; Krishan, Kewal; Krohn, Kristopher J.; Kromhout, Hans; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kuzin, Igor; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Lachat, Carl; Lad, Deepesh P.; Lad, Sheetal D.; Lafranconi, Alessandra; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lang, Justin J.; Lansingh, Van C.; Larson, Samantha Leigh; Latifi, Arman; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Lee, Paul H.; Leigh, James; Leili, Mostafa; Leshargie, Chem Tesema; Leung, Janni; Levi, Miriam; Lewycka, Sonia; Li, Shanshan; Li, Yichong; Liang, Juan; Liang, Xiaofeng; Lian, Yu; Liben, Misgan Legesse; Lim, Lee-Ling; Linn, Shai; Liu, Shiwei; Lodha, Rakesh; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lopez, Alan D.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Rafael; Lucas, Tim C. D.; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Ma, Stefan; Macarayan, Erlyn Rachele King; Machado, Isis Eloah; Madotto, Fabiana; Mai, Hue Thi; Majdan, Marek; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamum, Abdullah A.; Manda, Ana-Laura; Manguerra, Helena; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Maravilla, Joemer C.; Marcenes, Wagner; Marks, Ashley; Martin, Randall V.; Martins, Sheila C.; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Marz, Winfried; Marzan, Melvin B.; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mathur, Manu Rai; Mathur, Prashant; Matsushita, Kunihiro; Maulik, Pallab K.; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Cohn; McGrath, John J.; McKee, Martin; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mehta, Kala M.; Mehta, Varshil; Meier, Toni; Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew; Melaku, Yohannes A.; Melese, Addisu; Melku, Mulugeta; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mensah, George A.; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Meretola, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Millear, Anoushka I.; Miller, Ted R.; Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine; Mini, G. K.; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Mitiku, Habtamu; Moazen, Babak; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammadi, Moslem; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohebi, Farnam; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Momeniha, Fatemeh; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moodley, Yoshan; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradinazar, Mehdi; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Moschos, Marilita M.; Mouodi, Simin; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Mruts, Kalayu Brhane; Muche, Achenef Asmamaw; Muchie, Kindle Fentahun; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Muhammed, Oumer Sada; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath; Muller, Kate; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam; Nabhan, Ashraf F.; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naheed, Aliya; Nahvijou, Azin; Naik, Gurudatta; Naik, Nitish; Najafi, Land; Nangia, Vinay; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Neal, Bruce; Neamati, Nahid; Negoi, Iona T.; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Neupane, Subas; Newton, Charles Richard James; Ngunjiri, Josephine V.; Anh Quynh Nguyen; Nguyen, Grant; Ha Thu Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Huong Thanh Nguyen; Minh Nguyen; Nam Ba Nguyen; Nichols, Emma; Nie, Jing; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Nishi, Nobuo; Nixon, Molly R.; Nojomi, Marzieh; Nomura, Shuhei; Norheim, Ole F.; Noroozi, Mehdi; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nouri, Hamid Reza; Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour; Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza; Nsoesie, Elaine O.; Nyasulu, Peter S.; Obermeyer, Carla M.; Odell, Christopher M.; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olagunju, Tinuke O.; Olivares, Pedro R.; Olsen, Helen Elizabeth; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Ong, Kanyin L.; Ong, Sok King; Oren, Eyal; Orpana, Heather M.; Ortiz, Alberto; Ota, Erika; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Overland, Simon; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Pacella, Mahesh P. A. Rosana; Pakhare, Abhijit P.; Pakpour, Amir H.; Pana, Adrian; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Park, Eun-Kee; Parry, Charles D. H.; Parisian, Hadi; Patel, Shanti; Pati, Sanghamitra; Patil, Snehal T.; Patle, Ajay; Patton, George C.; Paudel, Deepak; Paulson, Katherine R.; Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali Paz; Pearce, Neil; Pereira, Alexandre; Pereira, David M.; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petzold, Max; Hai Quang Pham; Phillips, Michael R.; Pillay, Julian David; Piradov, Michael A.; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Pischon, Tobias; Pishgar, Farhad; Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer; Plass, Dietrich; Polinder, Suzanne; Polkinghorne, Kevan R.; Postma, Maarten J.; Poulton, Richie; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Prabhakaran, Dorairal; Prakash, Swayam; Prasad, Narayan; Purcell, Caroline A.; Purwar, Manorama B.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Zohreh; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajati, Fatemeh; Rajsic, Sasa; Raju, Sree Bhushan; Ram, Usha; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranjan, Prabhat; Rath, Goura Kishor; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Reddy, K. 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Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk outcome associations. ISI:000449710900007
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 3493172
Air pollution health research priorities for India: Perspectives of the Indo-U.S. Communities of Researchers
Gordon, Terry; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Dey, Sagnik; Rajagopalan, Sanjay; Thornburg, Jonathan; Thurston, George; Agrawal, Anurag; Collman, Gwen; Guleria, Randeep; Limaye, Sneha; Salvi, Sundeep; Kilaru, Vasu; Nadadur, Srikanth
PMID: 29944987
ISSN: 1873-6750
CID: 3162802
Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter
Burnett, Richard; Chen, Hong; Szyszkowicz, Mieczysław; Fann, Neal; Hubbell, Bryan; Pope, C Arden; Apte, Joshua S; Brauer, Michael; Cohen, Aaron; Weichenthal, Scott; Coggins, Jay; Di, Qian; Brunekreef, Bert; Frostad, Joseph; Lim, Stephen S; Kan, Haidong; Walker, Katherine D; Thurston, George D; Hayes, Richard B; Lim, Chris C; Turner, Michelle C; Jerrett, Michael; Krewski, Daniel; Gapstur, Susan M; Diver, W Ryan; Ostro, Bart; Goldberg, Debbie; Crouse, Daniel L; Martin, Randall V; Peters, Paul; Pinault, Lauren; Tjepkema, Michael; van Donkelaar, Aaron; Villeneuve, Paul J; Miller, Anthony B; Yin, Peng; Zhou, Maigeng; Wang, Lijun; Janssen, Nicole A H; Marra, Marten; Atkinson, Richard W; Tsang, Hilda; Quoc Thach, Thuan; Cannon, John B; Allen, Ryan T; Hart, Jaime E; Laden, Francine; Cesaroni, Giulia; Forastiere, Francesco; Weinmayr, Gudrun; Jaensch, Andrea; Nagel, Gabriele; Concin, Hans; Spadaro, Joseph V
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major global health concern. Quantitative estimates of attributable mortality are based on disease-specific hazard ratio models that incorporate risk information from multiple PM2.5 sources (outdoor and indoor air pollution from use of solid fuels and secondhand and active smoking), requiring assumptions about equivalent exposure and toxicity. We relax these contentious assumptions by constructing a PM2.5-mortality hazard ratio function based only on cohort studies of outdoor air pollution that covers the global exposure range. We modeled the shape of the association between PM2.5 and nonaccidental mortality using data from 41 cohorts from 16 countries-the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). We then constructed GEMMs for five specific causes of death examined by the global burden of disease (GBD). The GEMM predicts 8.9 million [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.5-10.3] deaths in 2015, a figure 30% larger than that predicted by the sum of deaths among the five specific causes (6.9; 95% CI: 4.9-8.5) and 120% larger than the risk function used in the GBD (4.0; 95% CI: 3.3-4.8). Differences between the GEMM and GBD risk functions are larger for a 20% reduction in concentrations, with the GEMM predicting 220% higher excess deaths. These results suggest that PM2.5 exposure may be related to additional causes of death than the five considered by the GBD and that incorporation of risk information from other, nonoutdoor, particle sources leads to underestimation of disease burden, especially at higher concentrations.
PMID: 30181279
ISSN: 1091-6490
CID: 3271242
The perils posed by the US Environmental Protection Agency's transparency rule [Letter]
Thurston, George D
PMID: 30070258
ISSN: 2213-2619
CID: 3217172
