Faculty Bibliography

Because the A(H5N1) strain of avian flu is lethal for chickens and so could not be grown in eggs, Dr. [Robert G. Webster] had to use a technique known as reverse genetics to remove the gene that made the virus deadly. This altered virus was used by Sanofi-Pasteur, a French vaccine company, to produce the vaccine in chicken eggs. Dr. [Anthony S. Fauci] said he was encouraged by the findings because ''many other experimental vaccines have produced flat dose-response curves,'' meaning that the vaccines were ineffective because they did not stimulate the necessary immune response. An immunologically potent vaccine produces ''a good dose-response curve,'' he said, ''and unquestionably we got one with this vaccine.''

He cautioned: 'We don't have all the vaccine we need to meet the possible demand. The critical issue now is, `Can we make enough vaccine, given the well-known inability of the vaccine industry to make enough vaccine?' '

He cautioned: 'We don't have all the vaccine we need to meet the possible demand. The critical issue now is: Can we make enough vaccine, given the well-known inability of the vaccine industry to make enough vaccine?' An earlier human vaccine against A(H5N1) avian influenza virus was prepared after it first appeared in Hong Kong in 1997. That vaccine was never fully developed or used, and the strain has mutated since then. In interviews over recent days, [Anthony Fauci] has said that tests so far have shown that the new vaccine produced a strong immune response among the small group of healthy adults under age 65 who volunteered to receive it, although the doses needed were higher than in the standard influenza vaccine offered each year. The vaccine, developed with genetic engineering techniques, is intended to protect against infection, not to treat those who are sick

The bacteria are commonly found where pigs are raised. Animals without symptoms carry the bacteria in their tonsils and noses. Sichuan Province has one of the largest pig populations in China, and news organizations have reported a concurrent outbreak among pigs in that area. There is no evidence that the illness has been transmitted from one person to another in the outbreak, the health agency said. There was no immediate evidence that China, which came under fire for covering up the outbreak of SARS, or sudden acute respiratory syndrome, in 2002 and 2003, was hiding information about the Streptococcus suis outbreak. Health officials say more laboratory tests are needed to determine why the Sichuan outbreak is so large and the death rate so high. Among the questions infectious disease specialists have raised is whether Streptococcus suis has mutated to become more virulent. Scientists say China should search for other factors that might explain the high death rate. Another unusual feature of the outbreak is that many patients have developed bleeding under the skin, and some have developed toxic shock syndrome

It was the second time in less than a month that [William Rehnquist], 80, went to Virginia Hospital Center because of a fever. He spent two nights at the same hospital in Arlington, Va., after being admitted July 12. The cause of the fever in July was not disclosed. Rehnquist has released only sketchy information about his thyroid cancer, which he disclosed in October. He said he is being treated with radiation and chemotherapy and that surgeons had created a hole in his windpipe, a procedure known as a tracheotomy, to ease his breathing

Chief Justice [William H. Rehnquist] has released only sketchy information about his thyroid cancer, which he disclosed last October. He said that he was being treated with radiation and chemotherapy, and that surgeons had created a hole in his windpipe, a procedure known as a tracheotomy, to ease his breathing. The chief justice did not say what type of thyroid cancer he had. Most patients with thyroid cancer do not need a tracheotomy. The fact that he had the procedure led many thyroid experts not connected with his case to say that they strongly believed that he had anaplastic thyroid cancer, the most aggressive type of that disease

Most cases have occurred among adult male farmers who have had close contact with diseased pigs or have eaten uncooked pig products. The bacteria are commonly found where pigs are raised. Animals without symptoms carry the bacteria in their tonsils and noses. Sichuan has one of the largest pig populations in China, and news organizations have reported a concurrent outbreak among pigs there. Streptococcus suis infections usually occur sporadically, or in small outbreaks, said Dr. Jorgen Schlundt, a Danish veterinarian who directs the department of zoonoses and food borne diseases at the health agency. Zoonoses are infectious diseases that occur primarily in animals but that can be transmitted to people. Health officials say more tests are needed to determine why the Sichuan outbreak is so large and the death rate so high. Among the questions infectious disease specialists have raised is whether Streptococcus suis has mutated to become more virulent. No evidence suggests that the bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics. Scientists say China should search for other factors that might explain the high death rate

[Bush], 59, remains in the 'superior' fitness category for a man his age, the doctors said. They also said Bush, who exercises six times a week, was 'fit for duty' and expected to remain so for the rest of his term. His resting heart rate is 47 beats a minute, normal for a well- trained athlete, and his blood pressure is normal, 110 over 64. When Bush ran for 26 minutes and 20 seconds, his heart rate reached 183 beats a minute, showing no abnormalities. Tests showed a low to very low risk of coronary artery disease

Mr. [Bush], 59, remains in the ''superior'' fitness category for a man his age, the doctors said. They also said Mr. Bush, who exercises six times a week, was ''fit for duty'' and expected to remain so for the rest of his term. Mr. Bush's parents, former President George H.W. Bush, and his wife, Barbara, suffered from overactivity of the thyroid gland, a condition that can cause unintended weight loss. Their son's thyroid function tests were reported as normal yesterday. Mr. Bush, who stopped running because of knee problems, bicycles 15 to 20 miles at 15 to 18 miles per hour and has suffered scrapes and bruises in falls from his bike. Mr. Bush's workouts also include exercising on a treadmill and an elliptical trainer, free-weight resistance training and stretching, the doctors said

[Bush], 59, remains in the 'superior' fitness category for a man his age, the doctors said. They also said Bush, who exercises six times a week, was 'fit for duty' and expected to remain so for the rest of his term. Bush's parents, former President George H.W. Bush, and his wife, Barbara, suffered from overactivity of the thyroid gland, a condition that can cause unintended weight loss. Their son's thyroid function tests were reported as normal yesterday. Bush, who stopped running because of knee problems, bicycles 15 to 20 miles at 15 to 18 miles per hour and has suffered scrapes and bruises in falls from his bike. Bush's workouts also include exercising on a treadmill and an elliptical trainer, free-weight resistance training and stretching, the doctors said