Faculty Bibliography

[William H. Rehnquist]'s announcement last year that he had thyroid cancer has led to wide speculation that he might step down from the court. That speculation intensified this month as the court's term ended and President Bush began searching for a replacement for Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. [Scott McClellan] said that he and Andrew Card, the White House chief of staff, learned that Rehnquist had been taken to the hospital from news accounts following the official court announcement around 2:30 p.m. Wednesday. They then passed on the information to Bush. The news of Rehnquist's hospitalization came a few hours after Bush, who started reviewing dossiers on potential candidates for the O'Connor seat last week, said that he was willing to consider nominees who are not judges

The effort began in 2000, amid concern that peacekeepers could be helping to spread H.I.V. in countries they were assigned to or after coming back home. The United Nations Security Council declared AIDS a threat to the political and economic stability of many countries and mandated inclusion of H.I.V. prevention programs in peacekeeping missions. The officials said they had introduced AIDS education and training programs in all peacekeeping missions and were offering H.I.V. tests, promoting use of condoms, and distributing information kits to troops. Many among the 105 countries that provide uniformed troops to the peacekeeping missions still have a long way to go to meet the Security Council's goal for education and prevention programs, the officials said. The missions involve more than 66,000 frequently rotated uniformed personnel and more than 13,000 international and national civilians serving in 17 peacekeeping and related field operations.''AIDS is still not part of the core military business everywhere,'' Dr. Peter Piot, the director of the United Nations AIDS program, said in providing the Security Council with a progress report. Most United Nations peacekeeping efforts depend on troops from low- or middle-income countries. Though the number of peacekeepers is tiny compared with the hundreds of millions of people at risk of becoming infected with H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS, many of those countries are in sub-Saharan Africa, with the world's highest rates of H.I.V. infection

Dr. Dennis trained hundreds of surgeons at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn and at SUNY-Stony Brook. But his career followed a roller-coaster course shared by many other medical researchers whose initial visions turned to failure before being realized. Dr. Dennis would later say that two cardiologists had helped sway him in his decision to move to Brooklyn, by promising to refer more than 160 heart patients in need of surgery. But once at Downstate, he said, both doctors reneged. Though he never understood the reason, he said, the fact is that beyond the experimental nature of the surgery, many doctors feared losing their own patients by referring them to others. It was a time when cardiologists did not work as closely with heart surgeons as they do now. A platinum blond, Dr. Dennis maintained a youthful appearance well into his later years. His second wife, the former Mary Steinhilper, recalled that on one occasion he had to win over the confidence of a woman who initially refused to let him operate on her son because she thought that Dr. Dennis, then a full professor, was an intern

Indonesian and W.H.O. epidemiologists are trying to determine the original source of infection with the A(H5N1) strain of avian influenza virus. Though it is possible that one family member gave the virus to the others, the source of the first case is not known, the officials said. No one in the family reported any contact with poultry. The World Health Organization, a United Nations agency, has been warning about the potential of the A(H5N1) virus to mutate into a lethal new virus that could cause an epidemic. The deaths of more than 200 million birds in Asia have been attributed to the A(H5N1) virus directly or from culling to prevent its spread, the United Nations has said. Yesterday, news agencies reported that the Indonesian health minister, Siti Fadillah Supari, said lab tests performed in Indonesia and a lab in Hong Kong had confirmed that all three family members had A(H5N1) avian influenza

On April 5, 1951, at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Dennis performed the world's first open-heart operation to be done with a heart-lung bypass machine. The apparatus worked well, but the patient, a six-year-old girl, died because her heart defect, far more complicated than the surgical team had realized, was beyond any repair then possible. In 1945, when Dennis began his research into such an apparatus, surgeons' ability to repair a damaged heart was very limited. Given its dangers, the leading surgeons of the late 19th century had virtually banned efforts at heart surgery. Yet along the way, a few defiant leaders repaired certain types of heart defects in procedures that, Dennis said, 'fired the imaginations of surgeons.'

About 1947, the Medical Research Council, the British equivalent of the National Institutes of Health, asked Sir Austin, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene, to investigate the causes of lung cancer. Sir [Austin Bradford Hill], who was not a medical doctor. asked Sir Richard to join him. Initially, Sir Richard said that he and most other physicians did not see a link between cigarettes and lung cancer. In fact, Sir Richard said in an interview with this reporter that at first he suspected that the tar used to pave the growing number of roads, or possibly automobile exhaust, were at the root of the lung cancer epidemic. Sir [Harold Himsworth], a physician, was also concerned because the findings were so critically important and unexpected. He demanded that Sir Austin and Sir Richard confirm them in studies elsewhere in England. They did

Dr. Chan, 58, who is both affable and media-savvy, first drew public attention when, as director of the Hong Kong department of health, she boldly directed the territory's response to two major disease outbreaks that threatened the world's health and economy. In 1997, she ordered 1.4 million chickens and ducks slaughtered to control the first cases of the A(H5N1) strain of avian influenza. In 2003, she led the investigation of SARS, a new virus that emerged in China. Indeed, Dr. Chan faced such complaints after the first cases of A(H5N1) avian influenza appeared in Hong Kong in 1997. No vaccine was effective against the strain. But the virus was susceptible to a drug, amantadine, and Dr. Chan authorized the equivalent of US$1.3- million to buy a large supply of it in case a large outbreak occurred. Black & White Photo: Peter Parks, AFP, Getty Images / A woman cleans at a Hong Kong poultry market in an effort to combat the spread of a deadly strain of avian flu.; Black & White Photo: Carol T. Powers / the New York Times / Dr. [Margaret Chan] was instrumental in containing the virus when it struck in 2003. Chan is now the World Health Organization's chief of pandemic influenza

Payment will resume ''as soon as Uganda comes up with a proper plan to rectify the issues of mismanagement,'' said Jon Liden, a spokesman for the fund. It has given Uganda until Oct. 24 to improve management of the grants. Uganda's grants from the fund are unusual in that they are managed by the finance minister, not the health minister as in most other recipient countries, Mr. Liden said. Uganda has been cited as a model for reducing the transmission rates of H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS. Mr. Liden said people ''should not confuse Uganda's record in fighting AIDS with the mismanagement of funds by a small group of individuals.''

L'Equipe reproduced what it said were the results of the laboratory's tests, with sample number, and the forms with the same number and [Lance Armstrong]'s name. L'Equipe, which said it had conducted ''a long, painstaking and rigorous investigation,'' reproduced what it said were EPO tests on frozen urine samples taken from riders during the 1999 Tour. In a drug test, for example, they may compare a suspect sample of stored blood with one that contains no drugs. Six samples that the paper said were taken from Armstrong proved positive for the ''indisputable'' use of EPO, the paper said. It added that six other samples from riders who were not identified had also proved positive. ''It cannot be regarded as a positive test in the strict regulatory sense,'' the newspaper said, doubting that French sanctions could result. Some spectators were focused on accusations against Lance Armstrong during the ninth and final stage of the Tour of Germany yesterday in Bonn. (Photo by Gero Beloer/European Pressphoto Agency)(pg. D1); Lance Armstrong in Paris in 1999. A French newspaper has accused him of cheating during that year's Tour. (Photo by Patrick Kovarick/Agence France-Presse)(pg. D2)

PHOTO; VISITING A VETERAN: President [Bush] hugs Molly Sloan, mother of Marine Capt. Stephen 'Kyle' Sloan, on Saturday at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Md. Sloan was injured in Iraq. Bush awarded seven Purple Hearts at the hospital. Getty Images photo/ Eric Draper, The White House