Faculty Bibliography

Tests indicated that an 18-year-old woman is infected with the A(H5N1) strain of avian influenza, and if further tests confirm the finding today, she will become the country's fourth human..

Until the team's findings, published in 1944 in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, scientists believed that genes must be made of protein, [Maclyn McCarty] said. Although DNA had been identified in the mid-19th century, little was known about its biological activity, and most scientists believed that DNA lacked the necessary complexity to carry hereditary information. The findings fell mostly on deaf ears for about a decade before playing a pivotal role in the determination in 1953 by Dr. James Watson and Dr. Francis H.C. Crick that the structure of DNA was a double helix, a discovery for which the two shared a Nobel Prize. On the 50th anniversary of the Watson-Crick discovery, McCarty wrote in the scientific journal Nature that while he was 'pleased to see such illuminating results,' he was 'not so pleased that they failed to cite our work as one reason for pursuing the structure of DNA.' McCarty spent a year doing research on sulfonamide drugs at New York University before he moved to Rockefeller. There, he unexpectedly joined [Oswald T. Avery] when [Colin MacLeod] left to become chairman of microbiology at New York University. From 1942 to 1946, McCarty was a lieutenant commander in the U.S. Navy Medical Corps, working with the Naval Medical Research Unit based at the Rockefeller Institute Hospital

The authorities reported two fatal human cases of avian influenza to the World Health Organization, in 6- and 9-year-old boys. They brought the total number of deaths from the disease in Vietnam to 22 in the past year

Until the team's findings, published in 1944 in The Journal of Experimental Medicine, scientists believed that genes must be made of protein, [Maclyn McCarty] said. Although DNA had been identified in the mid-19th century, little was known about its biological activity, and most scientists believed that DNA lacked the necessary complexity to carry hereditary information

Until the team's findings, published in 1944 in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, scientists believed that genes must be made of protein, Dr. [Maclyn McCarty] said. Although DNA had been identified in the mid-19th century, little was known about its biological activity, and most scientists believed that DNA lacked the necessary complexity to carry hereditary information. Dr. McCarty spent a year doing research on sulfonamide drugs at New York University before he moved to Rockefeller. There, he unexpectedly joined Dr. Avery when Dr. [Colin MacLeod] left to become chairman of microbiology at New York University. From 1942 to 1946, Dr. McCarty was a lieutenant commander in the Navy Medical Corps, working with the Naval Medical Research Unit based at the Rockefeller Institute Hospital. Dr. McCarty applied his biochemical skills to use enzymes to purify the transforming factor and to degrade different classes of molecules to identify the factor as DNA. He went on to purify and crystallize for the first time an enzyme that degrades DNA, to verify that the genetic material was DNA and to lay to rest the doubts that it was of protein origin

The W.H.O. is the lead agency in advising countries about the health risks and coordinating the health response to one of history's worst disasters.Dr. [Maire Connolly]'s team is responsible for preventing outbreaks of waterborne, respiratory and other diseases that can surge after conflicts, civil unrest and natural disasters. Studies have shown that in countries affected by such adversity, death rates among children are up to four times as great as those of neighboring countries. In the past, natural disasters and civil unrest have taken Dr. Connolly to countries like Afghanistan, East Timor, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and the former Yugoslavia. Disaster relief work, she said, can be emotionally wrenching. She is sometimes awakened by nightmares about the ''where-are-the-kids kind of thing.'' But emotions, Dr. Connolly said, have to be put aside so that team members can coolly assess the scientific issues. When the tsunami hit, only a skeleton W.H.O. staff was on duty. Like Dr. Connolly, many other workers had returned to their home countries over the holidays. Fortunately, Dr. Connolly's team had just finished writing a field manual on dealing with the health consequences of disasters. ''We had researched exactly the questions that arose after the tsunami, so we were confident that we had the most up-to-date scientific information,'' she said

Flying through pounding rains, a dozen Sea Hawk helicopters from the [Abraham Lincoln] ferried food, water, medicines, tents and other supplies from warehouses at Banda Aceh airport to refugees in decimated Indonesian coastal towns and inland villages that had been virtually cut off when the tsunami destroyed roads, bridges and communications a week ago. About 10,000 to 12,000 American military personnel were now involved, mostly aboard the Lincoln and Bonhomme Richard groups. In Sri Lanka, flash floods yesterday forced the evacuation of thousands of people from low-lying areas hard hit by the tsunami, which killed more than 28,700 there. At least 15 camps where 30,000 refugees had been sheltering were evacuated after storms dumped 13 inches of rain over the eastern coastal region. At a morgue in a Buddhist temple in Takuapa, Thailand, medical workers took DNA samples to help with identification later. In Nagappattinam, one of the worst hit areas in southeast India, Pawanamma, near right, and A. Kannan burn contaminated clothing. (Photo by Andrew Wong/Getty Images); (Photo by Saurabh Das/Associated Press)(pg. 8); At the airport in Banda Aceh, in one of the worst battered provinces in Sumatra, Indonesia, refugees reached for relief supplies yesterday. (Photo by Abdullah Azam/Associated Press)(pg. 1)

The human tally in Indonesia jumped after officials said that nearly 28,000 more bodies had been uncovered in Aceh Province, on the island of Sumatra, near the epicenter of Sunday's enormous undersea earthquake. The discovery brought the death count close to 80,000 in this country alone. As the relief effort struggled to lift off, the death toll continued to rise along with fears of looting and disease. Sri Lanka reported more than 27,000 dead, India more than 10,000. Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra of Thailand said he feared the toll there could reach 7,000. In the areas washed by the tsunami, all supplies are short, but the lines for gasoline yesterday in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, stretched through town. (Photo by Choo Youn-Kong/Agence France-Presse--Getty Images)(pg. A1); On Phi-Phi island, off Thailand, relief workers searched a market yesterday for bodies, wrapping them in plastic to take them for burial. (Photo by Kin Cheung/Reuters)(pg. A10)

While no epidemics have been confirmed in the vast coastal areas devastated by the tidal waves on Sunday, the officials said they were most worried about diarrheal diseases -- cholera, typhoid fever and shigellosis -- as well as liver diseases like hepatitis A and E. Among the diarrheal diseases, cholera, typhoid and shigellosis are caused by bacteria. In cholera, the bacterium produces a toxin that causes severe fluid loss and can kill quickly, and the key to treating it is to replace fluids. Typhoid can also be fatal and requires antibiotic treatment. Shigellosis causes severe dysentery but usually goes away in about a week. Photo: ASSOCIATED PRESS / An Indonesian air force crewman tries to catch a much-needed rest amidst boxes of relief supplies brought in yesterday to Banda Aceh, where an estimated 52,000 people in Aceh province alone were killed in the devastating earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia. Emergency relief supplies started pouring in five days after the disasters, which have claimed more than 100,000 victims across South and Southeast Asia

UNICEF already had large storage tanks for water in India and has moved some of them to affected areas in the south and east, said a UNICEF spokesman, Alfred Ironside. The tanks can be set up in communities and then refilled by tanker trucks, he said. Families are then given clean jerry cans to carry their own supplies. 'In the early days, a family may have to walk a mile or two inland to where water systems were not affected by flood waters,' Ironside said. 'The jerry cans are good for that.' But he added that the system was in place mainly in India and in Sri Lanka, not in Indonesia, the scene of much of the worst devastation. 'Around Ampara is one of the worst-affected areas,' [Robert Schofield] said in a telephone interview from the group's headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland. He added that 177,000 people, displaced by destruction along the coast, had fled about 12 miles inland and set up camps around Ampara, because it is the largest town in the vicinity. Medair reports that 120 camps have cropped up; the World Health Organization estimates the number at 500