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Construct validation of the social competence scale in preschool-age children

Gouley, KK; Brotman, LM; Huang, KY; Shrout, PE
This study evaluated the utility of the social competence scale (SCS)-parent version, a measure of social competence developed for children of elementary school age, for use with preschool-age children. Data were derived from two samples of preschoolers: a community sample assessed at enrollment to pre-kindergarten programs and a high-risk sample of children at familial risk for conduct problems participating in a preventive intervention trial. Using data from both samples, we assessed the factor structure, internal consistency, and stability of the SCS, and whether the SCS discriminated the high-risk sample from the community sample. Results support the utility and construct validity of the SCS for use in preschoolers. The total SCS scale was relatively stable over 24 months during the preschool period and was correlated with other measures of social competence, parent ratings of emotion regulation, lability and behavior problems, and tests of child cognitive ability
ISI:000255062100009
ISSN: 0961-205x
CID: 78380

Preventive intervention for preschoolers at high risk for antisocial behavior: long-term effects on child physical aggression and parenting practices

Brotman, Laurie Miller; Gouley, Kathleen Kiely; Huang, Keng-Yen; Rosenfelt, Amanda; O'Neal, Colleen; Klein, Rachel G; Shrout, Patrick
This article presents long-term effects of a preventive intervention for young children at high risk for antisocial behavior. Ninety-two children (M age = 4 years) were randomly assigned to an 8-month family intervention or no-intervention control condition and assessed 4 times over a 24-month period. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed significant intervention effects on observed child physical aggression, and significant intervention effects found at the end of the program were maintained at follow-up for responsive parenting, harsh parenting and stimulation for learning. Parent ratings of child aggression did not show significant effects of intervention
PMID: 18470775
ISSN: 1537-4424
CID: 80612

Symptom-specific measures for disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence

Chapter by: Brotman, Laurie Miller; Kamboukos, Dimitra; Theise, Rachelle
in: Handbook of psychiatric measures by Rush, A. John Jr. [Eds]
Arlington, VA, : American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2008
pp. 309-342
ISBN: 978-1-58562-218-4
CID: 4643

Clinical assessment of preschoolers : special precautions

Chapter by: Brotman, Laurie Miller; Gouley, Kathleen Kiely
in: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : concepts, controversies, new directions by McBurnett, Keith; Pfiffner, Linda Jo (Eds)
New York : Informa Healthcare, 2008
pp. 235-242
ISBN: 0824729277
CID: 3100572

Effects of a psychosocial family-based preventive intervention on cortisol response to a social challenge in preschoolers at high risk for antisocial behavior

Brotman, Laurie Miller; Gouley, Kathleen Kiely; Huang, Keng-Yen; Kamboukos, Dimitra; Fratto, Carolyn; Pine, Daniel S
CONTEXT: Salivary cortisol levels during social challenge relate to adaptive functioning in children and adults. Low cortisol levels have been related to conduct problems and antisocial behavior. Although studies in rodents implicate early-life social experience in cortisol regulation, no studies with humans have examined the effects of an experimentally manipulated early-life social experience on cortisol regulation. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of experimental manipulations of social experience on cortisol response to a social challenge in preschoolers at risk for antisocial behavior. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-two preschool-age siblings of youths adjudicated for delinquent acts. Intervention Family-based intervention included 22 weekly group sessions for parents and preschoolers and 10 biweekly home visits conducted during a 6- to 8-month period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Salivary cortisol levels before and after a social challenge (entry into an unfamiliar peer group). RESULTS: Relative to controls, children in the intervention condition had increased cortisol levels in anticipation of the peer social challenge. Increases were relative to both preintervention cortisol levels during the challenge and cortisol levels in the home, which were not altered by the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: A family-based preventive intervention for children at high risk for antisocial behavior alters stress response in anticipation of a peer social challenge. The experimentally induced change in cortisol levels parallels patterns found in normally developing, low-risk children
PMID: 17909129
ISSN: 0003-990x
CID: 74409

Effortful control, social competence, and adjustment problems in children at risk for psychopathology

Dennis, Tracy A; Brotman, Laurie Miller; Huang, Keng-Yen; Gouley, Kathleen Kiely
This study explored the factor structure and developmental trajectory of effortful control (EC), its relations with child adjustment, and the moderating role of age and gender in 75 4- to 6-year-old children at risk for psychopathology. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed two subcomponents of effortful control: Suppress/Initiate (the ability to inhibit a dominant response while initiating a new response) and Motor Control (inhibiting fine and gross motor activity). EC performance improved with age, and both subcomponents were associated with greater social competence at all ages. Associations with internalizing problems were moderated by child age such that greater EC was linked to fewer problems at age 4 but did not relate to problems at ages 5 or 6
PMID: 17658987
ISSN: 1537-4416
CID: 91681

Conduct problems in young children : risk factors and prevention

Brotman, Laurie Miller; Gouley, Katheleen Kiely
ORIGINAL:0009433
ISSN: n/a
CID: 1450182

Nonpharmacological interventions for preschoolers with ADHD: The case for specialized parent training

Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S.; Thompson, Margaret; Abikoff, Howard; Klein, Rachel; Brotman, Laurie Miller
The past decade witnessed an increased use of stimulants for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children. However, the reluctance of parents of preschoolers to place their young children on stimulants () coupled with the paucity of information regarding the long-term effects of stimulants in preschoolers makes the development and testing of nonpharmacological treatments for preschoolers with ADHD a major public health priority. This article addresses this issue. First, we highlight issues relating to the existence of ADHD in preschoolers as a clinically significant condition and the need for effective treatment. Second, we examine issues related to the use of pharmacological therapies in this age group in terms of efficacy, side effects, and acceptability. Third, we discuss existing nonpharmacological interventions for preschoolers and highlight the potential value of parent training in particular. Finally, we introduce one candidate intervention, the New Forest Parenting Package, and present initial evidence for its clinical value as well as data on potential barriers and limitations. ©2006Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
SCOPUS:33749425083
ISSN: 0896-3746
CID: 3023972

Assessing peer entry and play in preschoolers at risk for maladjustment

Brotman, Laurie Miller; Gouley, Kathleen Kiely; Chesir-Teran, Daniel
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of an observational rating system for assessing preschoolers' peer entry and play skills: Observed Peer Play in Unfamiliar Settings (OPPUS). Participants were 84 preschoolers at risk for psychopathology. Reliability and concurrent validity are reported. The 30-min paradigm yielded reliable indexes of engaging and disruptive behavior. Adequate interrater reliability and stability were obtained with minimally trained observers. OPPUS scores were related in expected ways to independent observations of disruptive and engaging behavior during parent-child interactions. OPPUS scores were associated with parent-rated self-control and internalizing behaviors. OPPUS scores were associated with parent ratings of play skills for children with school experience and assertiveness for children without school experience. The OPPUS is a useful, brief method for assessing peer entry and play behaviors in preschoolers
PMID: 16232064
ISSN: 1537-4416
CID: 61185

Prevention for preschoolers at high risk for conduct problems: immediate outcomes on parenting practices and child social competence

Brotman, Laurie Miller; Gouley, Kathleen Kiely; Chesir-Teran, Daniel; Dennis, Tracy; Klein, Rachel G; Shrout, Patrick
This study investigated the immediate impact of an 8-month center- and home-based prevention program for preschoolers at high risk for conduct problems. We report immediate program effects on observed and self-rated parenting practices and observed child behavior with peers. Ninety-nine preschool-age siblings of adjudicated youths and their families were randomly assigned to an enhanced version of the Incredible Years Series (Webster-Stratton, 1989; n = 50) or to a no-intervention control condition (n = 49). In an intent-to-treat design, the intervention yielded significant effects on negative parenting, parental stimulation for learning, and child social competence with peers. Improvements in negative parenting, stimulation for learning, and child social competence support the potential of the intervention to prevent later conduct problems in high-risk children
PMID: 16232069
ISSN: 1537-4416
CID: 61184