Faculty Bibliography

With these deadly brain cancers in particular, the disease remains poorly understood. [...] even though many patients -- like Mr. Kennedy, who sought treatment at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina -- travel in search of cutting-edge care, there is a limited repertoire of treatments that have been shown to help.

Scientific reports taught him that many such patients developed tiny bleeding ulcers in the stomach and small bowel. Since at least 1906, doctors had reported seeing curved bacteria in the stomach of patients who died with ulcers but less often in people without them

In a conversation published in 2001 in the scientific journal Addiction, Dr. Lieber said his first significant discovery was using antibiotics to reduce the stomach's ability to convert one compound, urea, into another, ammonia, which has a deleterious effect on the brain. In the 1950s, studying patients with alcoholic liver disease, he showed that reducing the amount of ammonia produced in the stomach paralleled their clinical improvement

'When I saw her then, she'd been getting three to four hours of sleep a night for weeks,' said Jeffrey P. Koplan, a former director of the C.D.C. 'They did what they needed to do.' 'With any new disease, it's difficult to understand the full picture,' she said. 'One has to be modest to understand that we are competing against an enemy, the virus. And trying to understand it and reduce the anxiety of the world and reduce the suffering of people, that's not easy.' 'The world's response in a 10-day period was remarkable,' said Michael T. Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota, 'and W.H.O. deserves credit for being a big part of it.'

''Our findings allow us to look at H.I.V. from a new angle, comparing and contrasting chimpanzee and human infections,'' Dr. [Beatrice Hahn] said in an interview. Her team's study was reported in the journal Nature on Thursday. ''We cannot date exactly when chimpanzees first got infected, but we certainly suspect that it was much, much longer than 100 years ago,'' Dr. Hahn said. ''Our gut feeling is that the chimp virus infection is not quite as'' damaging as H.I.V.-1 is in humans. The difference in the way the virus damages tissue, she said, ''leads us to speculate that chimps may be one step ahead in adapting to the virus, and identifying that step would be important.''

'[...] it really is all of humanity that is under threat during a pandemic,' Chan said to the world's gathered news media. Since her announcement, worry over the swine flu outbreak has eased.

Two other chimpanzees injected with S.I.V.cpz in captivity did not show such changes. [...] scientists have known little about S.I.V.cpz's effects on chimpanzees in the wild, because they lacked the means to identify and monitor chimp behavior there

European scientists have discovered a new strain of the virus that causes AIDS and linked it to gorillas, creating a mystery about when and how the first patient found to have the strain became infected

The scientists made the discovery by testing hundreds of samples of chimpanzee waste in a nine-year study of three small communities of chimpanzees at the Gombe National Park in Tanzania, which Jane Goodall made famous. While chimpanzees nested in trees at night, a field assistant who sat below them caught urine in a plastic bag held between a forked twig. Researchers also picked up feces from the forest floor. Most chimpanzees were tested at least once a year. More than 40 simian immunodeficiency viruses are known to infect African primates. In many studies, monkeys infected with the virus that causes simian AIDS have not developed AIDS. Only seven naturally infected chimpanzees have been studied in captivity, and five of them died of unknown causes as infants. Infected chimpanzees died or disappeared at a faster rate than uninfected chimpanzees. Workers recovered the bodies of 8 of the 18 chimpanzees that died (7 bodies of 17 infected chimps and 11 bodies of 77 uninfected chimps) and performed autopsies

The sudden detection of the new swine influenza virus, A(H1N1), occurred just as scientists were focusing wary eyes on behavioral changes observed in another virus, the A(H5N1) bird flu strain, in Egypt. The W.H.O. and public-health agencies like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention find themselves in a delicate balance, obliged to provide information about potentially lethal diseases without causing panic