Faculty Bibliography

Mr. [Barack Obama]'s heaviest smoking was seven or eight cigarettes a day, but three was more typical, according to an interview published in the November issue of Men's Health magazine. In a letter given to reporters before the election, Mr. Obama's doctor described his smoking history as 'intermittent,' and said he had quit several times and was using Nicorette gum, a form of nicotine replacement, 'with success.' Mr. Obama was often seen chewing gum during the campaign. 'It's generally prompted by a stressful situation, when they're fatigued and they need to concentrate and focus,' Dr, [Neal L. Benowitz] said. 'Obama talked about that People are used to having a cigarette in that situation.' 'Then there is something called hedonic dysregulation,' Dr. Benowitz said. 'It involves pleasure. Nicotine involves dopamine release, which is key in signaling pleasure. When people quit smoking, they don't experience things they used to like as pleasure. Things are not as much fun as they used to be. It's something you get over in time.'

'Every prostate cancer patient knows his Gleason score,' said Dr. Bruce Roth, a professor of medicine and urological surgery at Vanderbilt University and an official of the American Society of Cancer Oncology. In 1962, Dr. George Mellinger, the hospital's chief of urology, who also led a cooperative urological research project involving 14 hospitals, asked Dr. Gleason to develop a standardized pathological testing system for prostate cancer

In a letter given to reporters before the election, Obama's doctor described his smoking history as 'intermittent,' and said he had quit several times and was using Nicorette gum, a form of nicotine replacement, 'with success.'

[Barack Obama]'s heaviest smoking was seven or eight cigarettes a day, but three was more typical, according to an interview published in the November issue of Men's Health magazine. In a letter given to reporters before the election, Obama's doctor described his smoking history as 'intermittent,' and said he had quit several times and was using Nicorette gum, a form of nicotine replacement, 'with success.' Obama was often seen chewing gum during the campaign. 'It's generally prompted by a stressful situation, when they're fatigued and they need to concentrate and focus,' [Neal Benowitz] said. 'Obama talked about that. People are used to having a cigarette in that situation.' 'Then there is something called hedonic dysregulation,' Benowitz said. 'It involves pleasure. Nicotine involves dopamine release, which is key in signaling pleasure. When people quit smoking, they don't experience things they used to like as pleasure.'

The director needs sound scientific knowledge of the viral disease and its sociological ramifications; appreciation of the economic and political realities of rich and poor countries; and the diplomatic skills to talk to a pope, pharmaceutical industry executives and AIDS activists, among many others

[Barack Obama]'s heaviest smoking was seven or eight cigarettes a day, but three was more typical, according to an interview published in the November issue of Men's Health magazine. In a letter given to reporters before the election, Obama's doctor described his smoking history as 'intermittent,' and said he had quit several times and was using Nicorette gum, a form of nicotine replacement, 'with success.' Obama was often seen chewing gum during the campaign. 'It's generally prompted by a stressful situation, when they're fatigued and they need to concentrate and focus,' [Neal Benowitz] said. 'Obama talked about that. People are used to having a cigarette in that situation.' 'There is increasing evidence that if you can exercise, it's often helpful' in quitting, Benowitz said. 'I hope Obama can still find time to play basketball on a regular basis.'

In a letter given to reporters before the election, Mr. Obama's doctor described his smoking history as 'intermittent,' and said he had quit several times and was using Nicorette gum, a form of nicotine replacement, 'with success.' The risks of cancer, other lung disease and heart problems come from other chemicals in tobacco smoke

He told Tom Brokaw of NBC several weeks ago, for example, that he 'had stopped' but that 'there are times where I've fallen off the wagon.' He promised to obey the no-smoking rules in the White House, but whether that meant he would be ducking out the back door for a smoke is not known. His transition team declined to answer any questions about his smoking, past or present, or his efforts to quit. In a letter given to reporters before the election, [Barack Obama]'s doctor described his smoking history as 'intermittent,' and said he had quit several times and was using Nicorette gum, a form of nicotine replacement, 'with success.' 'If nicotine is harmful, it is a minuscule risk compared to cigarette smoking,' [Neal L. Benowitz] said. 'If people want to continue using gum or patches, and not cigarettes, their health will be enhanced.'

Transplant pioneers say the psychological effects of facial damage from injuries, birth defects, burns and a number of diseases can be psychologically devastating. Though reconstructive surgery is possible in many cases, proponents say that in other cases, an experimental face transplant could be worth the risks if patients and donors and their families understand them. In November 2005, a team in Amiens, France, performed the first partial face transplant. The recipient, Isabelle Dinoire, then 38, was seriously disfigured when her Labrador retriever mauled her. In 2006, Chinese doctors did a partial face transplant on a farmer who lost much of the right side of his face in a bear attack. In 2007, a French team performed the third partial facial transplant, on a 29-year-old man. His face had been disfigured by neurofibromatosis, a genetic disorder of the nervous system that causes tumors to grow in tissues around nerves

The highly experimental procedure, performed within the last two weeks, was the world's fourth partial face transplant, the country's first, and the most extensive and complicated such operation to date. 'This is not cosmetic surgery in any conventional sense,' said Dr. Eric Kodish, chair of the clinic's bioethics department, who was part of the team that interviewed and evaluated the patient's understanding of the risks in the experimental procedure. In late 2004, a Cleveland Clinic institutional review board said a face transplant was ethical and possible and approved [Maria Siemionow]'s scientific blueprint for the experimental procedure. It was the first time any ethics committee in the world had given such permission.