Faculty Bibliography

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an association exists between body mass index (BMI) and embryo ploidy in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) with trophectoderm biopsy and 24-chromosome preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University-based fertility center. PATIENT(S): 279 women aged 20-45 years with documented height and weight from the day of oocyte retrieval who underwent 24-chromosome PGS between 2010 and 2013. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Primary outcomes: number and percentage of euploid embryos. RESULT(S): Patients were grouped by World Health Organization (WHO) BMI class: underweight (<18.5, n = 11), normal weight (18.5-24.9, n = 196), overweight (25-29.9, n = 50), and obese (>/=30, n = 22). Groups were similar by age (mean +/- standard error of the mean: 37.5 +/- 1.2 to 39.2 +/- 0.9), ovarian reserve, and IVF cycle parameters. There was no difference in the number or percentage of euploid embryos by BMI category (<18.5: 27.6% +/- 8.5; 18.5-24.9: 34.5% +/- 2.2; 25-29.9: 32.1% +/- 4.3; >/=30: 30.9% +/- 7.3). Age was inversely related to euploidy, but adjusted multivariate regression models failed to demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between BMI and euploidy in underweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-2.10), overweight (AOR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.43-2.00), or obese (AOR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.25-2.20) patients compared with the normal-weight reference group. CONCLUSION(S): No statistically significant relationship was identified between BMI and euploidy in an otherwise homogenous cohort of patients undergoing IVF with PGS, suggesting that the negative impact of overweight and obesity on IVF and reproductive outcomes may not be related to aneuploidy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if long-term cryopreservation of human oocytes affects oocyte developmental competence, blastocyst euploidy, or live-birth rates. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University-based fertility center. PATIENT(S): A total of 33 patients with cryopreserved oocytes underwent oocyte thaw, blastocyst culture, trophectoderm biopsy, and 24-chromosome preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) with array comparative genomic hybridization between December 2011 and July 2014; subjects were compared with 2:1 age-matched controls with fresh oocytes whose embryos underwent trophectoderm biopsy and PGS during the same period. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Rates of fertilization, blastulation, euploidy, implantation, and live birth. RESULT(S): Thirty-three patients (mean age 36.2 +/- 3.8 y) thawed 475 oocytes that had been cryopreserved for a median of 3.5 years. Compared with 66 age-matched controls who underwent in vitro fertilization and PGS with fresh oocytes, embryos derived from cryopreserved oocytes demonstrated compromised blastocyst formation (54.5% vs. 66.2%) despite no impairment in fertilization (72.8% vs. 73.2%). Results showed no difference in the number of euploid blastocysts (1.7 +/- 1.9 vs. 2 +/- 2.5), percentage of euploid blastocysts (44.5% vs. 47.6%), rate of implantation (65% vs. 65%), or rate of live birth and ongoing pregnancy (62.5% vs. 55%) after 24-chromosome PGS with cryopreserved or fresh oocytes. CONCLUSION(S): Embryos derived from cryopreserved oocytes demonstrate impaired blastulation but equivalent rates of euploidy, implantation, and live birth compared with blastocysts derived from fresh oocytes, supporting the safety and efficacy of oocyte cryopreservation.

PURPOSE: In Vitro Fertilization is an effective treatment for infertility; however, it has relatively low success in women of advanced maternal age (>37) who have a high risk of producing aneuploid embryos, resulting in implantation failure, a higher rate of miscarriage or birth of a child with chromosome abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to compare the implantation, miscarriage and live birth rates with and without preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) of embryos from patients aged 40 through 43 years. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study, comparing embryos screened for ploidy using trophectoderm biopsy and array comparative genomic hybridization to embryos that were not screened. We compared pregnancy outcomes for traditional fresh IVF cycles with day 5 embryo transfers, Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET) cycles without PGS and PGS-FET (FET of only euploid embryos) cycles of patients with maternal ages ranging from 40 to 43 years, undergoing oocyte retrievals during the period between 1/1/2011 and 12/31/2012. RESULTS: The implantation rate of euploid embryos transferred in FET cycles (50.9 %) was significantly greater than for unscreened embryos transferred in either fresh (23.8 %) or FET (25.4 %) cycles. The incidence of live birth per transferred embryo for PGS-FET (45.5 %) was significantly greater than for No PGS fresh (15.8 %) or No PGS FET (19.0 %) cycles. The incidences of live birth per implanted sac for PGS FET cycles (89.3 %), No PGS fresh cycles (66.7 %) and No PGS FET cycles (75.0 %) were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: The present data provides evidence of the benefits of PGS with regard to improved implantation and live birth rate per embryo transferred.

PURPOSE: To determine if day of embryo transfer (ET) affects gestational age (GA) and/or birth weight (BW) at a single university fertility center that primarily performs day 5/6 ET. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 2392 singleton live births resulting from IVF/ICSI at a single large university fertility center from 2003 to 2012. Patients were stratified by day 3 or day 5/6 ET. Outcome variables included patient age, gravidity, prior miscarriages, prior assisted reproduction technology cycles, number of embryos transferred, number of single ET, infertility diagnosis, neonatal sex, GA at birth, and BW. Subanalyses were performed on subgroups of preterm infants. A comparison was made between the study data and the Society of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (SART) published data. RESULTS: There was no difference in GA at birth (39 +/- 2.1 weeks for day 3 ET, 39 +/- 1.9 weeks for day 5/6 ET) or BW between ET groups (3308 +/- 568 g for day 3 ET, 3268 +/- 543 g for day 5/6 ET). There was also no difference in the number of preterm deliveries (8.5 % for day 3 ET vs. 10.8 % for day 5/6 ET). The day 5/6 ET study data had significantly fewer pre-term deliveries than the SART day 5/6 ET data. CONCLUSION: In contrast to published SART data, GA and BW were not influenced by day of ET. Data may be more uniform at a single institution. Day 5/6 ET continues to offer improved pregnancy rates without compromising birth outcomes.