Faculty Bibliography

We present MelOD (Melanoma Omics Dashboard), a free, web-based interactive platform integrating preprocessed data from 16 melanoma studies, including eight bulk transcriptomics, six single-cell RNA-seq, and two proteomics datasets. MelOD provides user-friendly visualization and analysis tools, differential expression, dimensionality reduction, clustering, correlation, and survival analysis without requiring local computational resources. Several datasets include annotations for immunotherapy response, facilitating exploration of resistance and response signatures. Built on RShiny with optimized handling of large datasets, MelOD supports real-time hypothesis generation, cross-study validation, and community dataset contributions. Freely accessible online, MelOD lowers barriers to multi-omics research in melanoma and related fields.

The inherently slow acquisition speed of MRI makes abdominal imaging highly sensitive to respiratory motion artifacts. Since the early days of MRI, the development of respiratory motion compensation techniques has been an active research topic, and this field has seen substantial progress. Despite these advances, the majority of these techniques are not used in daily clinical practice, and motion management methods used in clinical abdominal MRI today have changed little over the past decades. This observation points to a significant gap between technical innovation and clinical translation in this area. This review is motivated by this question: why have so many motion management techniques not been adopted into routine clinical workflows? Unlike conventional survey-style reviews that focus on summarizing emerging methods, this article takes a different, and perhaps opposite, perspective to investigate why those technologically sophisticated innovations are misaligned with practical clinical needs. Specifically, we discuss the barriers behind the gap between research advances and clinical practice, clarify the clinical requirements for effective respiratory motion management in abdominal MRI, and highlight research directions with stronger relevance to routine workflows. The review begins with an overview of the clinical impact of respiratory motion in abdominal MRI, followed by a discussion of standard abdominal MRI sequences and their motion sensitivity. We then summarize current clinical strategies and advanced approaches, along with the barriers that hinder their clinical adoption. The article concludes with future directions and broader lessons learned from this translational gap, with the goal of guiding future developments toward improved clinical integration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100613.].

Opportunistic screening leverages existing imaging examinations performed for unrelated routine clinical indications to systematically extract quantitative biomarkers. Artificial intelligence tools have made deployment at scale increasingly feasible. However, the pathway from a validated algorithm to a functioning clinical program remains poorly defined, and prospective implementation at scale is uncommon. Successful deployment requires coordinated engagement from radiologists, information technology and operational teams, and clinical care teams, each facing distinct decisions that determine whether a program functions reliably and delivers patient benefit. This article presents a practical framework for opportunistic screening implementation organized around these three stakeholder groups. We apply this framework to opportunistic CT osteoporosis screening, drawing on our experience developing such a program at a large academic medical center. The framework presented is intended to be broadly applicable across opportunistic screening applications as the field moves from algorithmic validation toward clinical translation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:This study evaluates radiographic outcomes and reoperations in patients undergoing anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) of the lumbar spine. METHODS:A retrospective review of an EOS database identified pediatric patients who underwent lumbar VBT. Demographic and surgical data were collected, as well as radiographic and clinical outcomes including complications, reoperations, and conversion to posterior spinal fusion (PSIF). Analyses included paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and chi-square. RESULTS:Thirty-two patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent thoracolumbar VBT with 2-year follow-up were included. Mean age at surgery was 13.7 ± 1.8 years (mean follow-up 2.0 ± 0.2 years); median Sanders score was 3 (50% ≤ 3). Lumbar Cobb decreased from 48° ± 12 to 20° ± 10 postoperatively (p < 0.001) with correction loss to 29° ± 12 at 2 years (p < 0.001). Tethered Cobb decreased from 46° ± 8 to 13° ± 9 postoperatively (p < 0.001), with correction loss to 17° ± 12 at 2 years (p = 0.284). At 2 years, 31% had > 5° of correction loss and 84% had a tethered Cobb < 30°. Correction loss did not differ by Sanders stage (p = 0.92). Seven patients (23.3%) demonstrated > 5° of additional curve correction postoperatively. Four patients (12.5%) had unplanned reoperation and five others (15.6%) required PSIF: 28.1% total reoperation rate. CONCLUSIONS:Lumbar VBT provided substantial initial correction with maintenance of correction across the tethered levels at 2-year follow-up. While most patients maintained a tethered Cobb angle < 30° at 2 years, 28.1% of patients underwent reoperation (12.5% UPROR; 15.6% PSIF conversion). Longer follow-up in larger multicenter cohorts is required to more accurately define lumbar VBT durability and conversion-to-fusion risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE/METHODS:IV.

INTRODUCTION/UNASSIGNED:Few populations face more disadvantage than those with lifelong intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and those with serious mental illness (SMI). People with IDD may face unique challenges in the manifestation and treatment of SMI; little is known about these challenges during the widespread expansion of telehealth mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic which disrupted service availability. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:Using Medicaid claims from Kansas, Massachusetts, New York and South Carolina, mental health service utilization patterns for three cohorts of people ages 1-45 years were studied: those with IDD, those with SMI, and those with SMI and IDD. Utilization was examined before (2018-2019) and during (2020-2021) the emergence of telehealth services for each cohort. Meta-analysis was used to compare odds of mental health service utilization by demographic subgroups. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:The prevalence of mental health service utilization was approximately 75% for the IDD/SMI cohort, 60% for the SMI cohort, and 30% of the IDD cohort in 2018. Teens 13-17 years and young adults tended to have the highest levels of service utilization. Service utilization was driven by different diagnoses for the groups. The SMI cohort utilized services significantly more for mood and anxiety disorders, and the IDD cohort utilized services significantly more for comorbid neurodevelopmental conditions, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders. The IDD/SMI cohort utilized services more bipolar and related disorders and had a younger median age of service utilizers for trauma- and stress-related disorders than the SMI cohort. DISCUSSION/UNASSIGNED:The IDD/SMI cohort had the highest mental health service utilization rates compared to the other two cohorts, with minimal urban-rural differences, suggesting mental health services may be reaching those at the highest levels of risk for adverse outcomes. People with IDD demonstrated substantially lower rates of telehealth utilization for mental health needs; however, people in the cohort with IDD and SMI demonstrated similar or higher rates (in adults) of telehealth utilization compared to people with SMI only. Even with expanded telehealth services, the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to partially disrupt utilization across all cohorts and age groups. Findings suggest that people with IDD and SMI experience trauma- and stressor-related disorders that require treatment at younger ages than people with SMI only.

• The authors present supravalvular stenosis from congenital and iatrogenic etiologies. • Multimodality imaging is essential for diagnosing supravalvular stenosis. • Echocardiography assesses severity, while CCT provides diagnostic clarity.

The Yazidi community endured an unprecedented genocide by the Islamic State (ISIS) in August 2014, resulting in mass killings, kinocide, abductions, ongoing disappearances, and sexual enslavement. The intense trauma led to high prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and profound sleep disturbances. This comprehensive article integrates epidemiological data, neurobiological mechanisms, and clinical case reports to elucidate sleep disorders among Yazidi survivors. We detail the historical context, transgenerational trauma, specific sleep-related pathologies (insomnia, nightmares, parasomnias, and disrupted circadian rhythms), neurobiological underpinnings, cultural factors, and evidence-based interventions (e.g., Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET); Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)). Furthermore, we discuss the establishment and role of the Institute for Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology (IPP) at the University of Duhok, outline barriers to care, and propose future research directions and policy recommendations.

IMPORTANCE/UNASSIGNED:Currently, there are no standardized outcome domains or measures in clinical trials for facial aging. Heterogeneity in outcome domains and measurement instruments across clinical trials creates difficulty in directly comparing interventions, determining superior therapies, and developing high-quality meta-analyses. OBJECTIVE/UNASSIGNED:To develop a core outcome set (COS) of essential domains to be reported in clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions for facial aging. EVIDENCE REVIEW/UNASSIGNED:PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL were searched from September 2005 to September 2015. An updated search of the same databases was performed from September 2015 to February 2026. Studies were included if (1) they were randomized clinical trial or controlled clinical trial in design, (2) they assessed the efficacy or safety of an intervention for facial aging, (3) they were published in English, and (4) they involved human participants. Complementary sources, including patient interviews, were used to capture further relevant outcomes. Two rounds of Delphi surveys, followed by consensus meetings, were used to identify outcome domains considered most important by both patient and physician stakeholders. FINDINGS/UNASSIGNED:The final COS consists of 6 outcome domains: (1) overall convenience of treatment; (2) time to return to normal work and social activity; (3) overall assessment of focused area of treatment (at the point in time when treatment is expected to provide peak benefit); (4) duration of treatment effect; (5) severity of persistent local or systemic adverse events, including pigmentary change, skin texture change, delayed healing, scarring, and serious adverse events; and (6) patient satisfaction with treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE/UNASSIGNED:The 6 outcome domains identified through a Delphi consensus are recommended for reporting in future facial aging trials to ensure that outcomes that matter most to patients and clinicians are measured and that results are comparable across interventions.