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Approach to Congenital Heart Disease

Chapter by: Tretter, Justin T.; Bhatla, Puneet
in: Problem Solving in Pediatric Imaging by
[S.l.] : Elsevier, 2023
pp. 53-77
ISBN: 9780323430456
CID: 5349062

Correlation of MRI premature ventricular contraction activation pattern in bigeminy with electrophysiology study-confirmed site of origin

Axel, Leon; Bhatla, Puneet; Halpern, Dan; Magnani, Silvia; Stojanovska, Jadranka; Barbhaiya, Chirag
Although PVCs commonly lead to degraded cine cardiac MRI (CMR), patients with PVCs may have relatively sharp cine images of both normal and ectopic beats ("double beats") when the rhythm during CMR is ventricular bigeminy, and only one beat of the pair is detected for gating. MRI methods for directly imaging premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are not yet widely available. Localization of PVC site of origin with images may be helpful in planning ablations. The contraction pattern of the PVCs in bigeminy provides a "natural experiment" for investigating the potential utility of PVC imaging for localization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the visually assessed site of the initial contraction of the ectopic beats with the site of origin found by electroanatomic mapping. Images from 7 of 86 consecutive patients who underwent CMR prior to PVC ablation were found to include clear cine images of bigeminy. The visually apparent site of origin of the ectopic contraction was determined by three experienced, blinded CMR readers and correlated with each other, and with PVC site of origin determined by 3D electroanatomic mapping during catheter ablation. Blinded ascertainment of visually apparent initial contraction pattern for PVC localization was within 2 wall segments of PVC origin by 3D electroanatomic mapping 76% of the time. Our data from patients with PVCs with clear images of the ectopic beats when in bigeminy provide proof-of-concept that CMR ectopic beat contraction patterns analysis may provide a novel method for localizing PVC origin prior to ablation procedures. Direct imaging of PVCs with use of newer cardiac imaging methods, even without the presence of bigeminy, may thus provide valuable data for procedural planning.
PMID: 36598692
ISSN: 1875-8312
CID: 5395092

Reply [Letter]

Minocha, Prashant K; Bhatla, Puneet; Singh, Rakesh K
PMCID:8763407
PMID: 35051414
ISSN: 1097-6833
CID: 5190002

Preservation of Antegrade Pulmonary Blood Flow in Kawashima Procedure With Prior Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Stent

Bhansali, Suneet; Bhatla, Puneet; Argilla, Michael; Saharan, Sunil; Mosca, Ralph; Kumar, Tk Susheel
Surgical management of single ventricle with interrupted inferior vena cava and azygos continuation typically requires a Kawashima procedure with subsequent completion of Fontan. However, this group is at risk of development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Evidence suggests preservation of hepatic venous flow into the pulmonary circulation can potentially delay this development. We hereby describe a method of preserving antegrade pulmonary blood flow during the Kawashima procedure in the setting of prior right ventricular outflow tract stents.
PMID: 35171728
ISSN: 2150-136x
CID: 5163502

Periscopic technique in Norwood operation is associated with better preservation of early ventricular function

Bhatla, Puneet; Kumar, Tk Susheel; Makadia, Luv; Winston, Brandon; Bull, Catherine; Nielsen, James C; Williams, David; Chakravarti, Sujata; Ohye, Richard G; Mosca, Ralph S
Objective/UNASSIGNED:Although the right ventricle (RV) to pulmonary artery conduit in stage 1 Norwood operation results in improved interstage survival, the long-term effects of the ventriculotomy used in the traditional technique remain a concern. The periscopic technique (PT) of RV to pulmonary artery conduit placement has been described as an alternative technique to minimize RV injury. A retrospective study was performed to compare the effects of traditional technique and PT on ventricular function following Norwood operation. Methods/UNASSIGNED:A retrospective study of all patients who underwent Norwood operation from 2012 to 2019 was performed. Patients with baseline RV dysfunction and significant tricuspid valve regurgitation were excluded. Prestage 2 echocardiograms were reviewed by a blinded experienced imager for quantification of RV function (sinus and infundibular RV fractional area change) as well as for regional conduit site wall dysfunction (normal or abnormal, including hypokinesia, akinesia, or dyskinesia). Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to assess differences in RV infundibular and RV sinus ejection fraction and the Fisher exact test was used to assess differences in regional wall dysfunction. Results/UNASSIGNED: = .002). Conclusions/UNASSIGNED:The PT for RV to pulmonary artery conduit in Norwood operation results in better preservation of early RV global and regional systolic function. Whether or not this benefit translates to improved clinical outcome still needs to be studied.
PMCID:8350951
PMID: 34401829
ISSN: 2666-2507
CID: 4989292

Surgical Management of Giant Intrapericardial Teratoma Encasing the Coronary Artery

Minocha, Prashant; Hodzic, Emina; Sharma, Madhu; Bhatla, Puneet; Nielsen, James; Ramirez, Michelle; Magid, Margret; Fisher, Jason C; Mosca, Ralph; Kumar, Tk Susheel
Intrapericardial teratomas are rare, predominantly benign tumors that warrant surgical resection in the neonatal period because of their potential detrimental effects on the cardiorespiratory system. Surgical resection can be a challenge when the tumor encases and obscures a coronary artery. Adherence to certain operative principles is necessary to achieve successful outcomes.
PMID: 33888026
ISSN: 2150-136x
CID: 4852092

Inferior Right Ventricular Wall Thickness by Echocardiogram: A Novel Method of Assessing Hypertrophy in Neonates and Infants

Pravder, Harrison D; Hodzic, Emina; Bhatla, Puneet; Busovsky-McNeal, Melissa; Nielsen, James C
An established echocardiographic (echo) standard for assessing the newborn right ventricle (RV) for hypertrophy has not been thoroughly developed. This is partially due to the RV's complex architecture, which makes quantification of RV mass by echo difficult. Here, we retrospectively evaluate the thickness of the inferior RV wall (iRVWT) by echo in neonates and infants with normal cardiopulmonary physiology. Inferior RVWT was defined at the medial portion of the inferior wall of the RV at the mid-ventricular level, collected from a subxiphoid, short axis view. iRVWT was indexed to body surface area (BSA) to the 0.5 power and normalized to iLVWT to explore the best normalization method. Ninety-eight neonates and 32 infants were included in the final analysis. Mean age for neonates and infants was 2 days and 59 days, respectively. Mean ± SD for neonate and infant end-diastole iRVWT was 2.17 ± 0.35 mm and 1.79 ± 0.28 mm, respectively. There was no residual relationship between the index iRVWT and BSA (r = 0.03, p = NS). In the infant cohort, the iRVWT was significantly lower and iLVWT was significantly higher compared to neonate, consistent with known physiologic changes of RV and LV mass. Thus, iRVWT may serve as a reliable and accurate proxy for RV mass and the parameter warrants further evaluation.
PMID: 32715337
ISSN: 1432-1971
CID: 4542862

Diagnosis of anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery from the right pulmonary artery in a patient with D-transposition of the great arteries utilizing transthoracic echocardiography

Makadia, Luv D; Nielsen, James C; Kumar, Thittamaranahalli Kumar Susheel; Bhatla, Puneet
Diagnosis of anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery (AORSA) from the right pulmonary artery (RPA) is usually made using CT, MRI, or invasive angiography. We report a patient diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). A newborn girl prenatally known to have d-TGA presented with cyanosis sparing the right hemithorax and arm. Oxygen saturations on the right hand were persistently higher than on the right ear and other extremities. Repeat TTE using a modified echocardiographic imaging plane allowed for full visualization of the entire subclavian artery course, revealing AORSA from RPA. We discuss further the approach to echocardiographic diagnosis and surgical implications.
PMID: 33084030
ISSN: 1540-8175
CID: 4671102

Femoral artery homograft for coronary artery plasty following arterial switch operation [Case Report]

Mosca, Ralph; Chen, David; Halpern, Dan; Ma, Charles; Feinberg, Jodi; Bhatla, Puneet; Kumar, T K Susheel
PMCID:8303055
PMID: 34318024
ISSN: 2666-2507
CID: 4965442

Modified Warden operation using aortic homograft [Case Report]

Kumar, T K Susheel; Chen, David; Halpern, Dan; Bhatla, Puneet; Saharan, Sunil; Argilla, Michael; Mosca, Ralph
PMCID:8305712
PMID: 34318041
ISSN: 2666-2507
CID: 4949602