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Antibiotic stewardship bundle for uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia at an academic health system: a quasi-experimental study

DiPietro, Juliana; Dubrovskaya, Yanina; Marsh, Kassandra; Decano, Arnold; Papadopoulos, John; Mazo, Dana; Inglima, Kenneth; Major, Vincent; So, Jonathon; Yuditskiy, Samuel; Siegfried, Justin
OBJECTIVE/UNASSIGNED:To evaluate whether an antimicrobial stewardship bundle (ASB) can safely empower frontline providers in the treatment of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI). INTERVENTION AND METHOD/UNASSIGNED:From March 2021 to February 2022, we implemented an ASB intervention for GN-BSI in the electronic medical record (EMR) to guide clinicians at the point of care to optimize their own antibiotic decision-making. We conducted a before-and-after quasi-experimental pre-bundle (preBG) and post-bundle (postBG) study evaluating a composite of in-hospital mortality, infection-related readmission, GN-BSI recurrence, and bundle-related outcomes. SETTING/UNASSIGNED:New York University Langone Health (NYULH), Tisch/Kimmel (T/K) and Brooklyn (BK) campuses, in New York City, New York. PATIENTS/UNASSIGNED:Out of 1097 patients screened, the study included 225 adults aged ≥18 years (101 preBG vs 124 postBG) admitted with at least one positive blood culture with a monomicrobial gram-negative organism. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:= 0.043. CONCLUSIONS/UNASSIGNED:GN-BSI bundle worked as a nudge-based strategy to guide providers in VAN DC and increased de-escalation to aminopenicillin-based antibiotics without negatively impacting patient outcomes.
PMCID:11474889
PMID: 39411661
ISSN: 2732-494x
CID: 5718532

Utility of incorporation of beta-D-glucan and T2Candida testing for diagnosis and treatment of candidemia

Zacharioudakis, Ioannis M; Zervou, Fainareti N; Marsh, Kassandra; Siegfried, Justin; Yang, Jenny; Decano, Arnold; Dubrovskaya, Yanina; Mazo, Dana; Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria
The additive role of non-culture-based methods for the diagnosis of candidemia remains unknown. We evaluated 2 clinical practices followed in our hospitals for the diagnosis of candidemia, namely practice#1 including a combination of blood cultures and T2Candida, and practice#2 that also included Beta-D-glucan (BDG). Three out of 96 patients testing positive with practice#1 received a complete antifungal course. Of the 120 patients evaluated with practice#2, 29 were positive. Only 55.2% of those received a complete course. We observed significant differences in antifungal utilization, with 268.5 antifungal days/1000 patient-days for practice#1, as opposed to 371.9 days for practice#2, a nearly 40% difference. However, we found similar rates of antifungal discontinuation among negative patients at 3 days of testing (36.8% and 37.0% respectively). No differences were detected in death and/or subsequent diagnosis of candidemia. In summary, addition of BDG was interpreted variably by clinicians, was associated with an increase in antifungal utilization, and did not correlate with measurable clinical benefits for patients.
PMID: 38071859
ISSN: 1879-0070
CID: 5589412

Treatment of Piperacillin-Tazobactam-Nonsusceptible/Ceftriaxone-Susceptible Infections With Carbapenem Versus Carbapenem-Sparing Antimicrobials

Cao, John; Dubrovskaya, Yanina; Siegfried, Justin; Decano, Arnold; Mazo, Dana; Hochman, Sarah; Zacharioudakis, Ioannis M; So, Jonathan; Solomon, Sadie; Papadopoulos, John; Marsh, Kassandra
BACKGROUND/UNASSIGNED: METHODS/UNASSIGNED:infections. The primary composite endpoint included escalation to intensive care unit, infection- or treatment-related readmission, mortality, and infection recurrence. Outcomes were compared between groups who received carbapenem (CG) versus carbapenem-sparing agents (CSG) as targeted gram-negative therapy. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:= .001), while treatment with carbapenem-sparing therapy was not. CONCLUSIONS/UNASSIGNED:Our study did not find improved clinical outcomes with targeted carbapenem therapy for TZP-NS/CRO-S infections. Carbapenem-sparing agents may be considered to spare carbapenems in noncritically ill patients similar to those included in our cohort.
PMCID:10249260
PMID: 37305841
ISSN: 2328-8957
CID: 5522322

Impact of Streptococcus pneumoniae Urinary Antigen Testing in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted Within a Large Academic Health System

Greenfield, Adam; Marsh, Kassandra; Siegfried, Justin; Zacharioudakis, Ioannis; Ahmed, Nabeela; Decano, Arnold; Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E; Inglima, Kenneth; Papadopoulos, John; Dubrovskaya, Yanina
Background/UNASSIGNED:Limited data support use of pneumococcal urinary antigen testing (PUAT) for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) as an antimicrobial stewardship tool. At our institution, CAP guidelines and admission order set were standardized to include universal PUAT. Methods/UNASSIGNED:This was a retrospective study of adults hospitalized in 2019 who had PUAT performed. We compared incidence and timing of de-escalation in PUAT- positive vs -negative groups and described patients' outcomes. Results/UNASSIGNED:, in-hospital mortality, or 30-day infection-related readmission. Conclusions/UNASSIGNED:We observed earlier de-escalation in the PUAT-positive group. This seems to be due to discontinuation of atypical rather than anti-MRSA or antipseudomonal coverage. Further antimicrobial stewardship interventions are warranted.
PMCID:8717893
PMID: 34993258
ISSN: 2328-8957
CID: 5107422

Leveraging Rapid Diagnostics and Electronic Health Records to Decrease Antimicrobial Utilization: a Step in the Right Direction

Zacharioudakis, Ioannis M; Zervou, Fainareti N; Decano, Arnold; Ahmed, Nabeela
PMID: 33319227
ISSN: 1537-6591
CID: 4717742

Novel Multidisciplinary Approach for Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship Using an Emergency Department Follow-Up Program

Bao, Hongkai; Dubrovskaya, Yanina; Jen, Shin-Pung; Decano, Arnold; Ahmed, Nabeela; Pham, Vinh P; Papadopoulos, John; Siegfried, Justin
PMID: 34592864
ISSN: 1531-1937
CID: 5036622

Intravenous push versus intravenous piggyback beta-lactams for the empiric management of gram-negative bacteremia

Marsh, Kassandra; Dubrovskaya, Yanina; Jen, Shin-Pung Polly; Ahmed, Nabeela; Decano, Arnold; Siegfried, Justin; Papadopoulos, John; Merchan, Cristian
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE/OBJECTIVE:Nationwide shortages of small-volume parenteral solutions (SVPS) compelled hospitals to develop strategies including the use of intravenous push (IVP) administration of antibiotics to reserve SVPS for absolute necessities. It is unknown if administration of beta-lactam antibiotics (BL) via IVP results in worse clinical outcomes compared to intravenous piggyback (IVPB) due to the potential inability to achieve pharmacodynamic targets. METHODS:Our health-system implemented a mandatory IVP action plan for BL from October 2017 to September 2018. This was a retrospective study of adult patients with GNB who received empiric therapy with IVPB (30 minutes) or IVP (5 minutes) cefepime (FEP) or meropenem (MEM) for at least 2 days. Endpoints included clinical response, microbiological clearance and mortality. All data are presented as n (%) or median (interquartile range). RESULTS:The final cohort included 213 patients (IVPB n = 105, IVP n = 108). The primary source of bacteremia was urinary, with Escherichia coli being the primary pathogen. Escalation of therapy was similar between groups (15 [14%] vs 11 [10%], P = .36) at a median of 3 days (P = .68). No significant differences were observed in any secondary endpoints including microbiological clearance, bacteremia recurrence, time to defervescence, WBC normalization, vasopressor duration or in-hospital mortality. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest no differences in clinical response with the use of IVP compared to IVPB FEP and MEM for treatment of GNB. This form of administration may be considered as a fluid conservation strategy in times of shortage.
PMID: 33068313
ISSN: 1365-2710
CID: 4641822

Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized at Acute Care Services: Real-World Experience in the New York Metropolitan Area During the Early Pandemic Before Initiation of Clinical Trials

Marsh, Kassandra; Decano, Arnold; Siegfried, Justin; Ahmed, Nabeela; Blum, Sharon; Tirmizi, Samad; Dong, Mei Qin; Mehta, Dhara; Pham, Vinh P; Papadopoulos, John; Dubrovskaya, Yanina
As New York became the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic early on, clinicians were challenged to provide optimal medical and pharmaceutical care, despite the paucity of supporting literature and guidance. We sought to describe prescribing patterns and outcomes of physician response to the urgent need to treat COVID-19 patients before initiation of randomized clinical trials.
PMCID:7968964
PMID: 34191902
ISSN: 1056-9103
CID: 4926672

Safety of intravenous push administration of beta-lactams within a healthcare system

Marsh, Kassandra; Ahmed, Nabeela; Decano, Arnold; Dubrovskaya, Yanina; Jen, Shin-Pung Polly; Siegfried, Justin; Chen, Xian Jie Cindy; Merchan, Cristian
PURPOSE:A critical shortage of small-volume parenteral solutions in late 2017 led hospitals to develop strategies to ensure availability for critical patients, including administration of antibiotics as intravenous push (IVP). Minimal literature has been published to date that assesses the safety of administration of beta-lactams via this route. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of IVP administration of select beta-lactam antibiotics. METHODS:We performed a retrospective review of IVP administrations of aztreonam, ceftriaxone, cefepime, and meropenem at two campuses of the New York University Langone Health system after October 2017. Patients receiving surgical prophylaxis or more than one IVP antibiotic simultaneously were excluded. The primary endpoint was adverse events (ADE) following IVP administration of antibiotics. RESULTS:We evaluated 1000 patients who received IVP aztreonam (n = 43), ceftriaxone (n = 544), cefepime (n = 368) or meropenem (n = 45). There were 10 (1%) ADE observed, 5 of which were allergic reactions. Four ADE were neurotoxicity related to IVP cefepime. Based on the Naranjo score, 1 adverse event was "probably" and 3 were "possibly" related to cefepime IVP administration. Lastly, only 1 report of phlebitis was observed with the use of IVP ceftriaxone. CONCLUSIONS:The use of IVP as an alternative to intravenous piggyback (IVPB) during times of drug shortage for select beta-lactam antibiotics appears to be safe, and ADE are similar to those previously described for IVPB administration. Future studies evaluating clinical outcomes between IVP and IVPB administration may be of benefit.
PMID: 34278415
ISSN: 1535-2900
CID: 4947862

Oritavancin (Orbactiv): A New-Generation Lipoglycopeptide for the Treatment Of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections

Rosenthal, Samantha; Decano, Arnold G; Bandali, Aiman; Lai, Denise; Malat, Gregory E; Bias, Tiffany E
Oritavancin (Orbactiv): a new-generation lipoglycopeptide for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.
PMCID:5821239
PMID: 29491695
ISSN: 1052-1372
CID: 3855132