Searched for: person:griesa02
in-biosketch:true
The road to xenotransplantation
Wolbrom, Daniel H; Kim, Jacqueline I; Griesemer, Adam
PURPOSE OF REVIEW/OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to highlight recent progress in xenotransplantation and discuss the remaining obstacles/steps before the FDA is likely to approve a clinical trial. RECENT FINDINGS/RESULTS:Long-term survival of life-supporting xenografts in preclinical models has led to discussion of clinical trials of xenotransplantation. The reports of clinical cardiac xenotransplant based on compassionate use FDA approval and renal xenotransplants to brain-dead humans have led to further considerations of clinical trials. Discussions between the transplant community and the FDA have established critical next steps before a clinical trial of xenotransplants is likely to be approved. These steps include testing the clinical immunosuppression protocol and the organ from a genetically modified source animal in nonhuman primates with reproducible survival of at least 6 months. In addition, appropriate viral surveillance protocols and confirmation that the xenografts support appropriate human physiology are likely to be critical elements for FDA-approval. Finally, further studies in the human decedent model are likely to provide critical information about human immune and physiologic responses to xenografts. SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS:This review highlights the current progress in nonhuman primate models and recent reports of human xenotransplantation. It also describes the remaining hurdles and currently understood FDA requirements that remain to be achieved before a clinical trial of xenotransplantation can be approved.
PMID: 36752272
ISSN: 1531-7013
CID: 5420842
Physiologic considerations of pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation
Tatapudi, Vasishta S; Griesemer, Adam D
PURPOSE OF REVIEW/OBJECTIVE:The greatest challenge facing end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients is the scarcity of transplantable organs. Advances in genetic engineering that mitigate xenogeneic immune responses have made transplantation across species a potentially viable solution to this unmet need. Preclinical studies and recent reports of pig-to-human decedent renal xenotransplantation signify that clinical trials are on the horizon. Here, we review the physiologic differences between porcine and human kidneys that could impede xenograft survival. Topics addressed include porcine renin and sodium handling, xenograft water handling, calcium, phosphate and acid-base balance, responses to porcine erythropoietin and xenograft growth. RECENT FINDINGS/RESULTS:Studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs) have demonstrated that genetically modified pig kidneys can survive for an extended period when transplanted into baboons. In recent studies conducted by our group and others, hyperacute rejection did not occur in pig kidneys lacking the α1,3Gal epitope transplanted into brain-dead human recipients. These experimental trials did not study potential clinical abnormalities arising from idiosyncratic xenograft responses to human physiologic stimuli due to the brief duration of observation this model entails. SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS:Progress in biotechnology is heralding an era of xenotransplantation. We highlight the physiologic considerations for xenogeneic grafts to succeed.
PMID: 36683545
ISSN: 1473-6543
CID: 5419442
Center use of technical variant grafts varies widely and impacts pediatric liver transplant waitlist and recipient outcomes in the United States
Mazariegos, George V; Perito, Emily R; Squires, James E; Soltys, Kyle A; Griesemer, Adam D; Taylor, Sarah A; Pahl, Eric
To assess the impact of technical variant grafts (TVG) (including living donor [LD] and deceased donor split/partial grafts) on waitlist (WL) and transplant outcomes for pediatric liver transplant (LT) candidates, we performed a retrospective analysis of OPTN data on first-time LT or liver-kidney pediatric candidates listed at centers that performed >10 LT during the study period, 2004-2020. Center variance was plotted for LT volume, TVG usage, and survival. A composite center metric of TVG usage and WL mortality was developed to demonstrate existing variation and potential for improvement. 64 centers performed 7842 LT; 657 children died on the WL. Proportions of WL mortality by center ranged from 0-31% and TVG usage from 0-76%. Higher TVG usage, from deceased or LD, independently or in combination, significantly correlated with lower WL mortality. In multivariable analyses, death from listing was significantly lower with increased center TVG usage (HR 0.611, CI [0.40-0.92]) and LT volume (HR 0.995, CI [0.99-1.0]). Recipients of living donor transplants (HR 0.637, CI [0.51-0.79]) had significantly increased survival from transplant compared with other graft types, and recipients of deceased donor technical variant grafts (HR 1.066, CI [0.93-1.22]) had statistically similar outcomes compared to whole graft recipients. Increased TVG utilization may decrease WL mortality in the U.S. Policy and training to increase TVG usage, availability and expertise is critical.
PMID: 36746117
ISSN: 1527-6473
CID: 5420752
Next steps for the xenotransplantation of pig organs into humans
Montgomery, Robert A; Mehta, Sapna A; Parent, Brendan; Griesemer, Adam
PMID: 35941375
ISSN: 1546-170x
CID: 5286742
Results of Two Cases of Pig-to-Human Kidney Xenotransplantation [Case Report]
Montgomery, Robert A; Stern, Jeffrey M; Lonze, Bonnie E; Tatapudi, Vasishta S; Mangiola, Massimo; Wu, Ming; Weldon, Elaina; Lawson, Nikki; Deterville, Cecilia; Dieter, Rebecca A; Sullivan, Brigitte; Boulton, Gabriella; Parent, Brendan; Piper, Greta; Sommer, Philip; Cawthon, Samantha; Duggan, Erin; Ayares, David; Dandro, Amy; Fazio-Kroll, Ana; Kokkinaki, Maria; Burdorf, Lars; Lorber, Marc; Boeke, Jef D; Pass, Harvey; Keating, Brendan; Griesemer, Adam; Ali, Nicole M; Mehta, Sapna A; Stewart, Zoe A
BACKGROUND:Xenografts from genetically modified pigs have become one of the most promising solutions to the dearth of human organs available for transplantation. The challenge in this model has been hyperacute rejection. To avoid this, pigs have been bred with a knockout of the alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene and with subcapsular autologous thymic tissue. METHODS:We transplanted kidneys from these genetically modified pigs into two brain-dead human recipients whose circulatory and respiratory activity was maintained on ventilators for the duration of the study. We performed serial biopsies and monitored the urine output and kinetic estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to assess renal function and xenograft rejection. RESULTS:in Recipient 2. In both recipients, the creatinine level, which had been at a steady state, decreased after implantation of the xenograft, from 1.97 to 0.82 mg per deciliter in Recipient 1 and from 1.10 to 0.57 mg per deciliter in Recipient 2. The transplanted kidneys remained pink and well-perfused, continuing to make urine throughout the study. Biopsies that were performed at 6, 24, 48, and 54 hours revealed no signs of hyperacute or antibody-mediated rejection. Hourly urine output with the xenograft was more than double the output with the native kidneys. CONCLUSIONS:Genetically modified kidney xenografts from pigs remained viable and functioning in brain-dead human recipients for 54 hours, without signs of hyperacute rejection. (Funded by Lung Biotechnology.).
PMID: 35584156
ISSN: 1533-4406
CID: 5230812
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant to Treat Recurrent Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Tolerance, but at What Price?
Griesemer, Adam; Martinez, Mercedes; Emond, Jean C
PMID: 34033607
ISSN: 1534-6080
CID: 5151332
Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Optimizing Outcomes for Recipients, Donors, and the Waiting List [Editorial]
Duggan, Erin M; Griesemer, Adam D
PMID: 34822221
ISSN: 1527-6473
CID: 5151342
First Report of Xenotransplantation from a Pig to Human Recipient [Meeting Abstract]
Stern, J; Tatapudi, V; Lonze, B; Stewart, Z; Mangiola, M; Wu, M; Mehta, S; Weldon, E; Dieter, R; Lawson, N; Griesemer, A; Parent, B; Piper, G; Sommer, P; Cawthon, S; Sullivan, B; Ali, N; Montgomery, R
ORIGINAL:0015582
ISSN: 1600-6143
CID: 5231032
Factors associated with thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications in pediatric liver transplantation: A multi-center analysis from the Starzl Network for Excellence in Pediatric Transplantation [Meeting Abstract]
Soltys, Kyle; Zhang, Xingyu; Confair, C. J.; Superina, Riccardo; Lemoine, Caroline; Rasmussen, Sara; Bucuvalas, John; Griesemer, Adam; Sayed, Blayne; Romero, Rene; Batsis, Irini; Mazariegos, George
ISI:000739470700179
ISSN: 1600-6135
CID: 5161222
Stable liver graft post anti-PD1 therapy as a bridge to transplantation in an adolescent with hepatocellular carcinoma [Case Report]
Kang, Elise; Martinez, Mercedes; Moisander-Joyce, Hanna; Saenger, Yvonne M; Griesemer, Adam D; Kato, Tomoaki; Yamashiro, Darrell J; Remotti, Helen; Gartrell, Robyn D
BACKGROUND:Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD1), has recently received clinical approval for the treatment of adult hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the safety and efficacy of ICIs prior to solid organ transplant are unknown, especially in pediatrics. Safety reports are variable in adults, with some series describing subsequent allograft rejection and loss while others report successful transplants without allograft rejection.As ICIs stimulate the immune system by blocking the interaction between PD1 and the ligand-receptor pair programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PDL1), the downstream effects of T-cell activation increase the risk of graft rejection. METHODS:Here, we present a case of an adolescent with moderately differentiated non-fibrolamellar HCC treated with pembrolizumab, an anti-PD1 therapy, who subsequently underwent successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). RESULTS:Our patient received an OLT 138Â days from the last pembrolizumab dose with graft preservation. The patient has no evidence of recurrent disease or any episode of allograft rejection 48Â months post OLT. Staining of tumor and normal tissues from longitudinal specimens finds PDL1 positive Kupffer cells present in normal liver and peritumoral areas with no changes post anti-PD1 therapy. In contrast, tumor cells were negative for PDL1. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:This case represents a basis for optimism in potential use of anti-PD1 therapy in liver transplant candidates and supports further investigation of immune checkpoint inhibitors use in this unique patient population.
PMID: 34907641
ISSN: 1399-3046
CID: 5151352