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Effusion fluid cytology and COVID-19 infection
Xia, Rong; Hsu Lin, Lawrence; Sun, Wei; Moreira, Andre L; Simsir, Aylin; Brandler, Tamar C
BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is known to cause severe respiratory infections with occasional accompanying pleural effusion (PE), pericardial effusion (PCE), or peritoneal effusion (PTE). The effect of COVID-19 on effusion cytology is not yet known. This study aimed to examine the cytomorphologic features and workup of effusion fluids in patients with active COVID-19 infection versus those in recovery. METHODS:PE (n = 15), PCE (n = 1), and PTE samples (n = 20) from hospitalized patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection (from June 1, 2020, to December 30, 2020) were reviewed. Effusion fluids with metastatic carcinoma were excluded. Differential cell counts, cytomorphology, and relevant immunostains for effusion fluids were retrospectively evaluated and compared between patients with active infection (positive on a SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT] within 2 months; n = 23) and those in the recovery phase from COVID-19 (negative on a SARS-CoV-2 NAAT for >2 months; n = 13). RESULTS:The cytology diagnoses were negative for malignancy (n = 31), atypical (n = 4), and suspicious for malignancy (n = 1). Active infection cases showed more atypical mesothelial cells than recovery cases (P < .05); some had enlarged nuclei, prominent nucleoli, occasional multinucleation, and bizarre nuclei. Immunostains were performed more often in active infection cases than recovery cases (47.8% vs 7.7%; P < .05). Differential cell counts (available for 28 cases) showed no significant differences between the active infection and recovery groups. CONCLUSIONS:This study found atypical and bizarre mesothelial cells more often in effusions of cases with active COVID-19 infection in comparison with patients in recovery. It is important for cytopathologists to become familiar with the cytomorphologic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on effusion cytology so that these cases can be properly triaged.
PMID: 34958719
ISSN: 1934-6638
CID: 5106332
Gastric glomus tumor diagnosed by fine needle aspiration of the stomach: A report of two cases and review of the literature
Pizzillo, Isabella A; Fang, Camila; Sun, Wei; Brandler, Tamar C
Glomus tumors make up 1% of stromal tumors of the stomach. Radiologic diagnosis of glomus tumors can be challenging as they share imaging characteristics with other neuroendocrine tumors and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been reported as a useful method for the evaluation of gastrointestinal lesions. We report two cases of gastric glomus tumors in which EUS-FNA diagnosis was challenging. Cytologically, neoplastic cells were round to oval, uniform, bland appearing epithelioid cells with delicate chromatin and inconspicuous to vague nucleoli. Both samples lacked worrisome features such as high nuclear grade, high mitotic rate, and necrosis. Neoplastic cells were negative for Cam5.2 and AE1/AE3 with focal expression of synaptophysin in one of the cases. A definitive diagnosis was not made based on FNA. Familiarity with glomus tumors in the GI system and procurement of adequate material for cell block allowing the use of immunohistochemistry may allow an accurate preoperative diagnosis.
PMID: 34870907
ISSN: 1097-0339
CID: 5110112
Predictive Value of a Genomic Classifier in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules Based on Nodule Size
Dublin, Jared C; Papazian, Michael; Zan, Elcin; Oweity, Thaira; Sun, Wei; Jacobson, Adam; Patel, Kepal; Brandler, Tamar C; Givi, Babak
Importance/UNASSIGNED:Genomic classifiers were developed to better guide clinicians in the treatment of indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs). To our knowledge, whether there is variation in the diagnostic accuracy of these tests depending on ITN size has not been previously studied. Objective/UNASSIGNED:To analyze the diagnostic performance of a genomic classifier in relation to ITN size. Design, Setting, and Participants/UNASSIGNED:A case series study with medical records review was conducted including all patients with a cytologic diagnosis of ITN managed with genomic classifier testing and surgery from January 2015 to December 2018 at NYU Langone Health. Demographics, ITN characteristics, genomic profiles, treatment, and final pathologic findings were recorded. Data analysis was conducted from March to April 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures/UNASSIGNED:The primary aim was to assess the positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity of a genomic classifier test (ThyroSeq) in relation to ITN size (<2, 2-4, and >4 cm). The secondary aim was to investigate the risk of cancer associated with genetic signatures. Results/UNASSIGNED:Of the 212 patients with 218 ITNs, 158 (74.5%) were women; median (SD) age was 49 (15.6) years. Genomic classifier results were positive in 173 ITNs (79.4%) treated with surgery. In this group of 173 positive ITNs, 46 (26.6%) were malignant on final pathologic testing. Overall, the observed cancer prevalence in the population was 23.9% (52 ITNs). In 45 ITNs that underwent surgery despite a negative genomic classifier interpretation, 6 (13.3%) were malignant. The PPV of a positive test was 27% and the NPV was 87%. The PPV and NPV findings improved as the ITN size increased (<2 cm [n = 98]: PPV, 25%; NPV, 79% vs >4 cm [n = 33]: PPV, 50%; NPV, 89%). Test specificity was higher in larger ITNs (<2 cm: 15% vs >4 cm: 40%; P = .01). Isolated RAS sequence variations were the most common variant identified in malignant nodules (11 [21.1%] of all ITNs), followed by BRAF variants (7 [13.5%] of all ITNs). Conclusions and Relevance/UNASSIGNED:In this case series, the performance of the ThyroSeq test improved for larger ITNs. The risk of cancer in large ITNs with negative test results was low. These data suggest that, in genomic classifier-negative ITNs larger than 4 cm, initial management of thyroid lobectomy may be sufficient.
PMID: 34734965
ISSN: 2168-619x
CID: 5038292
Comparison of Fresh Cell Pellets and Cell Blocks for Genomic Profiling of Advanced Cancers in Pleural Effusion Specimens: Promising Preliminary Results from a Validation Study [Meeting Abstract]
Chen, Fei; Kim, Christine; Shen, Guomiao; Feng, Xiaojun; Jour, George; Cotzia, Paolo; Brandler, Tamar; Sun, Wei; Snuderl, Matija; Simsir, Aylin; Park, Kyung
ISI:000770361800231
ISSN: 0893-3952
CID: 5243292
Comparison of Fresh Cell Pellets and Cell Blocks for Genomic Profiling of Advanced Cancers in Pleural Effusion Specimens: Promising Preliminary Results from a Validation Study [Meeting Abstract]
Chen, Fei; Kim, Christine; Shen, Guomiao; Feng, Xiaojun; Jour, George; Cotzia, Paolo; Brandler, Tamar; Sun, Wei; Snuderl, Matija; Simsir, Aylin; Park, Kyung
ISI:000770360200230
ISSN: 0023-6837
CID: 5243162
Cytomorphology of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Useful Features to Examine on Fine Needle Aspiration [Meeting Abstract]
Kim, Christine; Chen, Fei; Shafizadeh, Negin; Zhou, Fang; Sun, Wei; Liu, Cheng; Simsir, Aylin; Brandler, Tamar
ISI:000770361800249
ISSN: 0893-3952
CID: 5243302
Cytomorphology of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Useful Features to Examine on Fine Needle Aspiration [Meeting Abstract]
Kim, Christine; Chen, Fei; Shafizadeh, Negin; Zhou, Fang; Sun, Wei; Liu, Cheng; Simsir, Aylin; Brandler, Tamar
ISI:000770360200248
ISSN: 0023-6837
CID: 5243172
p16 immunostaining in fine-needle aspirations of the head and neck: determining the optimal positivity threshold in HPV-related squamous cell cancer
Wang, Qian; Zhou, Fang; Snow, Justin T; Simsir, Aylin; Hernandez, Osvaldo; Levine, Pascale; Szeto, Oliver; Sun, Wei; Givi, Babak; Brandler, Tamar C
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:There is no consensus for interpretation of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cytology preparations. Our study aims to assess p16 IHC staining in formalin-fixed cytology cell blocks (CBs) from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens in comparison with surgical pathology p16 staining and to determine the reproducibility of p16 IHC scoring in CBs. METHODS:) was calculated to assess inter-rater reliability. RESULTS:= 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61-0.98). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:p16 IHC performed on cytology CBs can serve as a surrogate marker for the detection of HPV with high sensitivity and specificity levels. Using a threshold lower than that recommended for surgical pathology for the interpretation of p16 positivity may be appropriate for FNA cytology CB preparations. All cytopathologists in our study displayed reproducible high sensitivity and specificity values at the >10% threshold.
PMID: 34326027
ISSN: 2213-2945
CID: 4950022
Integration of Cytologic, Clinical and Radiologic Information Improves Diagnostic Efficacy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma FNA Cytology [Meeting Abstract]
Xia, R; Sun, W; Brandler, T; Shafizadeh, N; Szeto, O; Noori-Koloori, M; Gutierrez-Amezcua, J -M; Simsir, A
Introduction: Preoperative diagnosis of pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) on endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is often required to determine proper therapy. Accurate cytopathology diagnosis on FNA may be challenging due to limited/suboptimal cellularity and gastrointestinal contamination with accurate diagnoses necessitating consideration of the full clinical and radiologic picture in evaluating the pancreatic lesions. In this study, we investigated predictive value of integrating cytology diagnosis, radiologic and clinical features in diagnosing pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Material(s) and Method(s): Pancreatic FNA cases from 1/2016-12/2018 with >18 months of follow-up or histopathology diagnosis on surgical resection were retrieved (n=203). Cases were categorized as "Adenocarcinoma" or "Benign" according to the surgical resection pathology or clinical follow-up. Their documented serum CA19-9 level, and in-house radiologic reports were studied (n=177, Table 1). A multiplayer perceptron neural network (MNN) was trained and tested for the ability of using the integrated clinical and radiologic features and cytologic diagnosis to distinguish between benign and malignant cases.
Result(s): The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for pancreatic FNA cytology alone was 77.5%, 97.6%, and 88.4%, respectively. There were significant correlations between malignant outcome and cytology diagnosis, CA19-9 level and involvement of common bile duct (CBD), pancreatic duct (PD), superior mesenteric artery (SMA) or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) (Table 1, p<0.001). Integration of the cytology diagnosis and CA19-9 level showed 92% accuracy in predicting surgical outcome. The MNN highlighted cytopathology to be the most important factor in predicting pancreatic lesion outcomes, followed by the serum CA19-9 level and involvement of the SMA (Figure 1).
Conclusion(s): Integration of the clinical and radiologic information with cytology diagnosis can improve accuracy in evaluating pancreatic adenocarcinomas, especially in suboptimal FNA cytology specimens. [Formula presented] [Formula presented]
Copyright
EMBASE:2014953892
ISSN: 2213-2945
CID: 5184162
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Diagnosis and Grading on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology [Meeting Abstract]
Lin, L; Xia, R; Sun, W; Szeto, O; Cho, M; Simsir, A; Brandler, T
Introduction: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) are relatively uncommon neoplasms. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been shown to be an efficient method for preoperative assessment of pancreatic tumors; however, the role of cytologic grading of PNETs is unclear. We aim to evaluate cytologic diagnosis and grading of PNETs by correlating with histopathology.
Material(s) and Method(s): Cytopathology cases with a diagnosis of PNET from 6/2011-6/2020 were tabulated and compared with their corresponding surgical pathology to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA. In addition, tumor grading based on Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was correlated between cytologic and histologic specimens (Cohen's kappa coefficient).
Result(s): Thirty-nine cases of EUS-FNAs with PNET diagnosis and concomitant histologic evaluation were included. EUS-FNA showed a positive predictive value of 85% for PNET diagnosis. There were 6 discrepant cases (15%), including: 1 mixed ductal-neuroendocrine carcinoma, 1 PNET with concomitant high-grade carcinoma, 1 metastatic renal cell carcinoma, 1 solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, and 2 cases of chronic pancreatitis, potentially explained by under-sampling, scant cellularity and/or absence of adequate cell block for immunostaining (Table 1).Nineteen cases had Ki-67 immunostaining on both cytologic and histologic specimens with a concordance of 58% (Table 2). All discrepancies in Ki-67 evaluation were due to underscoring in cytologic samples. Cyto-histologic grading correlation was fair (Cohen's Kappa coefficient=0.24).
Conclusion(s): EUS-FNA is a valuable minimally invasive diagnostic tool in the preoperative diagnosis of PNETs with a positive predictive value of 85% in this cohort. Cyto-histologic grading correlation was fair, which suggests that applying surgical pathology ki-67 grading cut-off points to cytology sample evaluations may not be appropriate. All cyto-histologic grading discrepancies in our study were due to underscoring in cytologic samples, which might be related to sampling issues or tumor heterogeneity.
Copyright
EMBASE:2014953957
ISSN: 2213-2945
CID: 5184132