Faculty Bibliography

The request is aimed at people who develop any of six symptoms of SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome: severe headache, severe fatigue, muscle aches and pains, fever of 100.4 or higher, dry cough and shortness of breath. The request excludes people who have had cough or shortness of breath from pre-existing allergy or lung disease. Canadian health officials said that all the cases in the Toronto area can be traced back to an outbreak at Scarborough Grace Hospital, and they said that SARS is under control, in part because of their isolation policy. The outbreak in Toronto is now in its fourth generation of cases, increasing the complexity of tracing cases. About 7,000 people in the Toronto area had already been asked to stay in isolation since the outbreak began in March, and about 650 remain in isolation. Of the 35 American cases, 33 had traveled to an affected area in Asia. The two other cases involved a health worker who cared for a SARS patient and a household member of a SARS case

In fact, the investigation into part of the Ontario epidemic is now reaching into the United States. On Thursday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta sent a team of epidemiologists to Pennsylvania to help investigate a probable SARS case in a hospitalized patient who attended a religious meeting in Toronto on March 28. Canadian health officials have identified 28 other individuals with SARS who attended the Mass, held by members of the Bukas-Loob Sa Diyos Covenant Community, a Roman Catholic group. Health officials are trying to identify the estimated 500 people who attended the meeting and monitor their health. Of the 35 American cases, 33 had traveled to an affected area in Asia. The two other cases involved a health worker who cared for a SARS patient and a household member of a SARS case. Tests, still in the experimental stage, showed that five of the 33 patients were recently infected with the SARS virus, which is a new member of the coronavirus family. So far, infection with the SARS virus has not been documented among other suspect cases

Of the 35 probable cases, 33 had traveled to mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore or Hanoi, and one was a health care worker who tended to a SARS patient. The request is aimed at people who develop any of six symptoms of SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome: severe headache, severe fatigue, muscle aches and pains, fever of 100.4 or higher, dry cough and shortness of breath. The request excludes people who have had cough or shortness of breath from a pre-existing allergy or lung disease

In fact, the investigation into part of the Ontario epidemic is now reaching into the United States. Yesterday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta sent a team of epidemiologists to Pennsylvania to help investigate a probable SARS case in a hospitalized patient who attended a religious meeting in Toronto on March 28. Canadian health officials have identified 28 other people with SARS who attended the Mass, held by members of the Bukas-Loob Sa Diyos Covenant Community, a Philippines-based Roman Catholic group. Health officials are trying to identify the estimated 500 people who attended the meeting and monitor their health. Of the 35 American cases, 33 had traveled to an affected area in Asia. The two other cases involved a health worker who cared for a SARS patient and someone in the household of a SARS patient. Tests, still in the experimental stage, showed that 5 of the 33 patients were recently infected with the SARS virus, which is a new member of the coronavirus family. Infection with the SARS virus has not been documented among other suspect cases in this country. The C.D.C. said it would continue to monitor all cases meeting its broader definition because the agency deliberately wants to cast a wide net to minimize the chance of missing a case of SARS. When laboratory tests that can reliably detect the SARS virus are developed, the findings will be included in the case definition, officials said

Of the 35 American cases, 33 of those infected had traveled to an affected area in Asia. The two other cases involved a health worker who cared for a SARS patient and a household member of a SARS case. Tests, still in the experimental stage, showed that five of the 33 patients were recently infected with the SARS virus, which is a new member of the coronavirus family. So far, infection with the SARS virus has not been documented among other suspected cases in this country

The request is aimed at people who develop any of six symptoms of SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome: severe headache, severe fatigue, muscle aches and pains, fever of 100.4 or higher, dry cough and shortness of breath

Because the initial symptoms of SARS resemble those of other respiratory infections, 'we simply have to protect the community and keep people out of the community while they might be infectious and spreading SARS,' [James Young] said. Canadian health officials said all the cases in the Toronto area can be traced to an outbreak at Scarborough Grace Hospital, and they said SARS is under control, in part because of their isolation policy. The outbreak in Toronto is now in its fourth generation of cases, increasing the complexity of tracing cases. About 7,000 people in the Toronto area had already been asked to stay in isolation since the outbreak began in March, and about 650 remain in isolation. Of the 35 U.S. cases, 33 involved people who had traveled to an affected area in Asia. The two other cases involved a health worker who cared for a SARS patient and a household member of a SARS sufferer. Tests, still in the experimental stage, have shown that five of the 33 patients were recently infected with the virus, which is a newly discovered member of the coronavirus family

The request is aimed at people who develop any of six symptoms of SARS: Severe headache, severe fatigue, muscle aches and pains, fever of 100.4 or higher, dry cough and shortness of breath. The request excludes people who have had cough or shortness of breath from pre- existing allergy or lung disease. The biggest SARS outbreak in Hong Kong spread through the plumbing in an apartment complex after visits from a man sick with the disease, a health official said Thursday. Water droplets contaminated with the SARS virus may have been sucked out of bathroom drains into apartments by ventilation fans, said the Hong Kong health secretary, Dr. Yeoh Eng-kiong

Referring to a well-known study of a cold outbreak at the Eagle Heights Apartments in Madison, Wisconsin, and to an early theory that the outbreak of more than 300 SARS cases in Hong Kong's Amoy Gardens apartment complex was spread by cockroaches, he said: 'Don't blame the cockroaches. In Wisconsin, it wasn't the cockroaches, it was the kids.' Whoever put SARS in the Amoy Gardens sewage pipes and one regular visitor was a dialysis patient at the Prince of Wales Hospital while the airport worker was on the nebulizer would be a superspreader, with the help of rusty pipes. A famous tuberculosis superspreader, described in The New England Journal of Medicine in November 1999, was a 9-year-old boy in rural North Dakota, an immigrant from the Marshall Islands, who in 1997 and 1998 infected his family and 56 schoolmates. The boy had deep cavities in his lungs, while his twin brother, who was two inches (5 centimeters) taller and 11 pounds (5 kilograms) heavier, had a mild case and was not infectious

Preliminary findings showed that the monkeys developed an illness resembling SARS after the coronavirus was put in their nostrils. Some monkeys developed pneumonia and examination of their lungs under a microscope showed that the coronavirus caused a pattern of lung damage similar to that in affected humans. Such findings include the formation of syncytia, or giant cells, in the lungs. The monkey experiments are essential in fulfilling the steps, known as Koch's postulates, that are needed to establish proof that a virus or other microbe causes a disease. As part of the postulates in SARS, scientists must determine whether injecting the coronavirus into animals causes similar symptoms to those that humans experience. A principal aim of the Geneva meeting was to discuss how close researchers have come to developing reliable diagnostic tests and to develop a consensus concerning their use in controlling the epidemic. Even if a test is reliable, it is useless in controlling an epidemic if it does not detect the virus that is its cause. So fulfilling Koch's postulates is critical for determining the usefulness of diagnostic tests. [David Heymann] expressed hope that new tests aimed at the coronavirus would help contain SARS