Faculty Bibliography

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:To examine rates of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and death in patients after retinal vein occlusion (RVO) compared to controls. DESIGN/METHODS:Retrospective cohort study. METHODS:An aggregated electronic health records research network, TriNetX, was used to identify patients with diagnosis of RVO and a control group of patients with cataract. Patients were excluded if they had history of stroke, MI, DVT, or PE within 2 years of diagnosis of RVO or cataract. Propensity score matching was performed to control for baseline demographics and medical comorbidities. Main outcomes included relative risk (RR) of death, stroke, MI, DVT, and PE after RVO compared to those in matched controls. RESULTS:A total of 45,304 patients were included in each cohort. There was elevated risk of death in the RVO cohort compared to the control cohort at 1 year (RR = 1.30, P < .01), 5 years (RR = 1.22, P < .01), and 10 years (RR = 1.08, P < .01). There was elevated risk of stroke at 1 year (RR = 1.61, P < .01), 5 years (RR = 1.31, P < .01), and 10 years (RR = 1.18, P < .01). There was elevated risk of MI at 1 year (RR = 1.26, P < .01) and 5 years (RR = 1.13, P < .01), but not at 10 years (RR = 1.06, P = .12). There was mildly elevated risk of DVT at 1 year (RR = 1.65, P < .01) but not at 5 years (RR = 0.94, P = .94) or 10 years (RR = 1.05, P = .37). There was no elevated risk of PE at 1 year (RR = 0.98, P = 0.80), 5 years (RR = 0.95, P = .42), or 10 years (RR = 0.85, P =.40). CONCLUSIONS:There is an increased rate of death, stroke, and MI after RVO compared to those in matched controls. We emphasize the need for long-term systemic evaluation after RVO.

OBJECTIVE:To examine the longitudinal postoperative outcomes of open versus closed conjunctiva implantation of the XEN45 gel stent. DESIGN/METHODS:Retrospective multicenter study. SUBJECTS/METHODS:One hundred ninety-three patients with glaucoma underwent XEN45 implantation via an open or closed conjunctiva approach. METHODS:Data on patient demographics; diagnoses; preoperative and postoperative clinical data; outcome measures, including intraocular pressure (IOP); use of glaucoma medications; visual acuity; and complications were collected. Statistical analyses were performed with P < 0.05 as significant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES/METHODS:Failure was defined as < 20% reduction in IOP from the medicated baseline or a IOP of > 21 mmHg at 2 consecutive visits at postoperative month 1 and beyond, the need for subsequent operative intervention or additional glaucoma surgery, or a catastrophic event, such as loss of light perception. Eyes that had not failed by these criteria and were not on glaucoma medications were considered complete successes. Overall success was defined as those who achieved success either with or without topical medications. RESULTS:Patients were followed for an average of 17 months. Complete success was achieved in 42.5% and 24.7% of the open and closed groups, respectively (P = 0.01). Overall success was achieved in 64.2% and 37.0% of the open and closed groups, respectively (P < 0.001) at the last follow-up. Bleb needling was performed in 12.4% of eyes in the open group compared with 40% of eyes in the closed group. An IOP spike of ≥ 10 mmHg was twice as likely to occur in the closed group compared with the open group during the postoperative period (40% vs. 18%; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Implantation of XEN45 with opening of the conjunctiva resulted in a lower IOP with greater success and lower needling rate compared with those achieved with the closed conjunctiva technique. Similar rates of postoperative complications and vision loss were noted in each group. Although both procedures provide substantial IOP reduction, the open technique appears to result in higher success rates and fewer postoperative interventions. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S)/BACKGROUND:Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered one of the most challenging forms of dementia. The earlier the people are diagnosed with AD, the easier it is for doctors to find a treatment. Based on the previous literature summarizing the research results on the relationship between eye movement and AD before 2013, this paper reviewed 34 original eye movements research papers only closely related to AD published in the past ten years and pointed out that the prosaccade (4 papers) and antisaccade (5 papers) tasks, reading tasks (3 papers), visual search tasks (3 papers) are still the research objects of many researchers, Some researchers have looked at King-Devick tasks (2 papers), reading tasks (3 papers) and special tasks (8 papers), and began to use combinations of different saccade tasks to detect the relationship between eye movement and AD, which had not been done before. These reflect the diversity of eye movement tasks and the complexity and difficulty of the relationship between eye movement and AD. On this basis, the current processing and analysis methods of eye movement datasets are analyzed and discussed in detail, and we note that certain key data that may be especially important for the early diagnosis of AD by using eye movement studies cannot be miss-classified as noise and removed. Finally, we note that the development of methods that can accurately denoise and classify and quickly process massive eye movement data is quite significant for detecting eye movements in early diagnosis of AD.