Faculty Bibliography

INTRODUCTION/UNASSIGNED:By 2050, the U.S. population is projected to become increasingly heterogeneous, requiring a culturally competent neuropsychology workforce equipped to serve this evolving demographic. International graduate trainees bring valuable cultural and linguistic assets to the field of clinical neuropsychology but face significant structural barriers involving restrictive immigration policies. METHODS/UNASSIGNED: = 28) levels, alongside personal narratives from four international trainees. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:Results reveal low international trainee enrollment - particularly at the postdoctoral level - and widespread immigration-related challenges, such as limited visa sponsorship and duration, unawareness of visa-related training restrictions, and discomfort among directors in supporting visa issues. Despite the potential benefits of STEM designation for clinical and counseling psychology programs to ease visa barriers, few programs have attempted and succeeded in this process. Personal narratives also highlighted the burdensome STEM conversion process, and the role of trainee-led efforts in overcoming bureaucratic hurdles. CONCLUSIONS/UNASSIGNED:To urgently address these issues, we advocate for systemic reforms including national-level STEM reclassification of psychology programs, extended visa durations, enhanced national pipelines and institutional support for visa sponsorship, and improved education on immigration policies. These efforts align with the Multicultural Orientation (MCO) model and AACN's Relevance 2050 goals by fostering a culturally and linguistically responsive workforce equipped to meet evolving mental health needs and to ensure the continued relevance of clinical neuropsychology.

OBJECTIVE/UNASSIGNED:To examine pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatment recommendations among different races and socioeconomic groups of young children. A secondary objective evaluated whether changes in the 2007 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) guidelines for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment affected community prescribing practices. Hypotheses were that non-White children would be less likely to have psychotherapeutic treatments recommended for mental health issues and children with lower socioeconomic status index scores would be less likely to receive a psychotropic medication prescription. METHOD/UNASSIGNED:test and logistic regression models. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:= .03). CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:Children's socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and insurance did not affect treatment recommendations of clinicians. However, children whose first prescription of psychotropic medication was from a primary care physician or pediatrician were less likely to have a recommendation for psychotherapy compared with children who were seen by psychiatrists. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT/UNASSIGNED:One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group.

INTRODUCTION/UNASSIGNED:Over recent decades, research has identified both overlapping and distinct characteristics, risk factors, and genetic as well as neurobiological correlates associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This expanding body of evidence is increasingly informing the clinical management of individuals with comorbid ADHD and ASD. AREAS COVERED/UNASSIGNED:Based on a targeted PubMed search conducted up to March 24,2025,24.03.25, prioritizing meta-analyses or umbrella reviews over primary studies (whenever relevant), with terms encompassing autism, assessment, and treatment, this review addresses: 1) Shared and distinct phenotypic characteristics, neuropsychological features, and genetic and neuroimaging correlates of ADHD and ASD; 2) The assessment of individuals presenting with both ASD and ADHD symptoms; 3) Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for the management for individuals with comorbid ASD and ADHD. EXPERT OPINION/UNASSIGNED:The comorbidity of ADHD and ASD should not be overlooked. Nevertheless, before diagnosing comorbid ASD and ADHD, clinicians should perform a thorough differential diagnosis, ensuring that ADHD symptoms are not better explained by ASD. Regarding treatment, further research is warranted to develop personalized approaches, support long-term management strategies, and evaluate real-world outcomes such as quality of life, which are often underrepresented in clinical trials.

Recent medical advances are allowing more youth with neuromuscular disorders to live into adulthood, thus increasing the necessity to transition youth from pediatric to adult medical care. Examining salient factors and processes for successful transition planning from pediatric to adult medical care in youth with neuromuscular disorders is a nascent field of study. The current study aims to address the key quality improvement question of identifying factors to consider when planning for transition by exploring the views of youth with neuromuscular disorders, caregivers, and providers within a multidisciplinary clinic regarding current care transition practices via quantitative and qualitative approaches. Both qualitative and quantitative results highlighted patient-endorsed importance of transition and emphasized the need for future tailored supports to facilitate gleaning skills for transition. Overall, this study offers valuable insights from patients, parents, and providers about challenges and best practices involved in transition planning for young adults with neuromuscular disorders.

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:Females with disabilities have greater preconception health risks and adverse perinatal outcomes than those without disabilities. Characterization of reproductive health care utilization among females with disabilities in the United States is limited. We examined health care receipt before, during, and after pregnancy by extent of disability among U.S. females with recent live births. METHODS:This cross-sectional study used Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data (collected 2018-2020 and analyzed in 2025) from 24 states that included the Washington Group Short Set of Questions on Disability. Participants self-reported health care visits in the year prior to pregnancy; receipt and timing of prenatal care; and receipt of a postpartum checkup. Disability was assessed as extent of difficulty (none, some, and a lot of difficulty). Associations between extent of disability and health care utilization were estimated using multivariable modified Poisson regression (adjusted prevalence ratios, aPR, and 95% confidence intervals, CI). RESULTS:trimester initiation of prenatal care, but they had a 171% (aPR=2.71, 95% CI: 1.49-4.94) and 63% (aPR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.40-1.91) higher prevalence of not having any prenatal care and not having a postpartum checkup, respectively, than females with no difficulty. CONCLUSIONS:Females with some and a lot of difficulty reported lower receipt of reproductive, prenatal, and postpartum care than those with no difficulty. Strategies are needed to establish and coordinate comprehensive reproductive health care among females with disabilities.

This dataset, Collab-CXR, provides a unique resource to study human-AI collaboration in chest X-ray interpretation. We present experimentally generated data from 227 professional radiologists who assessed 324 historical cases under varying information conditions: with and without AI assistance, and with and without clinical history. Using a custom-designed interface, we collected probabilistic assessments for 104 thoracic pathologies using a comprehensive hierarchical reporting structure. This dataset is the largest known comparison of human-AI collaborative performance to either AI or humans alone in radiology, offering assessments across an extensive range of pathologies with rich metadata on radiologist characteristics and decision-making processes. Multiple experimental designs enable both within-subject and between-subject analyses. Researchers can leverage this dataset to investigate how radiologists incorporate AI assistance, factors influencing collaborative effectiveness, and impacts on diagnostic accuracy, speed, and confidence across different cases and pathologies. By enabling rigorous study of human-AI integration in clinical workflows, this dataset can inform AI tool development, implementation strategies, and ultimately improve patient care through optimized collaboration in medical imaging.

Serious workforce shortages in youth mental health widen the gap between demand and use, and exacerbate health disparities. A strategy to address this is training and integrating youth and young adult (Y/YA) peers to deliver services. This paper reviews international scientific studies on Y/YA services targeting mental health conditions or health promotion. We applied systematic criteria including controlled designs (RCTs or quasi-experimental), active intervention delivered by a young person, key search terms, and peer-reviewed publication between 2012 and 2023. The review yielded 32 studies meeting criteria, encompassing six domains: eating disorders, health promotion, depression/anxiety, suicidal risk, serious mental illness (SMI) and "other." The most consistent evidence for effectiveness was for eating disorders; findings in the other domains were mixed. Training manuals, fidelity measurement, reporting of demographic data, and consistency in outcome measurement were largely absent, limiting both replicability and generalizability. The acceleration of scientific attention to youth/young adult peer services over the past decade and emerging support for its effectiveness is encouraging, however, and it bodes well for mitigating workforce shortages and, more importantly, for improving the quality of services for young people.

Mental disorders are increasingly understood as disorders of brain development. Large and heterogeneous samples are required to define generalizable links between brain development and psychopathology. To this end, we introduce Reproducible Brain Charts (RBC), an open resource that integrates data from 5 large studies of brain development in youth from three continents (N = 6,346). Bifactor models were used to create harmonized psychiatric phenotypes, capturing major dimensions of psychopathology. Following rigorous quality assurance, neuroimaging data were carefully curated and processed using consistent pipelines in a reproducible manner. Initial analyses of RBC emphasize the benefit of careful quality assurance and data harmonization in delineating developmental effects and associations with psychopathology. Critically, all RBC data-including harmonized psychiatric phenotypes, unprocessed images, and fully processed imaging derivatives-are openly shared without a data use agreement via the International Neuroimaging Data-sharing Initiative. Together, RBC facilitates large-scale, reproducible, and generalizable research in developmental and psychiatric neuroscience.

Early childhood is a critical period for overall development and well-being, yet children from low-income and low-resourced families, such as Chinese American immigrant families, often have unmet mental health needs as they face additional barriers like limited English proficiency and health literacy. Cultural and linguistic adaptation is essential for equitable access to resources and care. Despite the need, early childhood mental health among Chinese American families remains significantly understudied. A digital mental health solution may pose greater access and convenience to address the mental health needs of this community. Thus, this study aims to collaboratively develop a web-based app called OurChild, which provides culturally and linguistically adapted early childhood mental health and development resources for Chinese American immigrant families in New York City. Using the Participatory Cultural Adaptation Framework for Implementation Research (PCAFIR), the project involves a multiphased participatory co-design process: 1. understanding community needs through formative research and engagement; 2. building a digital library with evidence-based and culturally tailored content; 3. designing a culturally tailored web-based app using a participatory approach; and 4. refining and validating the design through user testing. Informed by formative data from existing studies and programs; focus groups and interviews with community experts (n = 6) and parents (n = 11); user testing with parents (n = 11), and through an iterative re-design process, the app was designed to be user-friendly, culturally relevant, and evidence-based. This study described the co-design process and highlighted the lessons learned in developing culturally tailored digital health tools to promote digital health equity for underserved communities.