Faculty Bibliography

Although numerous studies have examined how child demographic characteristics may impact ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, there is limited research on how these factors are related to ratings of impairment. This study examined child characteristics (assigned sex, age, race, ethnicity) that may affect parent and teacher ratings of ADHD symptom-related impairments in relationships with family and/or teacher, peer relationships, behavior disruption, academic impairment, homework performance, and self-esteem. The study was conducted using independent U.S. national samples of parents (n = 2,075) and teachers (n = 1,070). Informants rated impairments related to inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity using the ADHD Rating Scale-5. Rasch analyses were used to examine differential item functioning in relation to child characteristics. Separate analyses were conducted for inattention- and hyperactivity-impulsivity-related impairment for both the parent and teacher samples. For teacher ratings, only two items (behavior disruption, homework impairment) demonstrated differential item functioning with intermediate or large effect sizes (≥ .426 logits) in relation to any child characteristic; whereas for parent ratings, all six items displayed differential item functioning with at least intermediate effect sizes in relation to one or more child characteristics. The findings indicated several areas in which child characteristics may have an impact on ratings of ADHD-related impairment, particularly based on parent ratings, which have potential implications for the diagnostic assessment of ADHD and highlight the need for further research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Assessment of psychiatric symptoms relies on subjective self-report, which can be unreliable. Digital phenotyping collects data from smartphones to provide near-continuous behavioral monitoring. It can be used to provide objective information about an individual's mental state to improve clinical decision-making for both diagnosis and prognostication. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of smartphone-based digital phenotyping for long-term mental health monitoring in adolescents with bipolar disorder and typically developing peers. Participants (aged 14-19) with bipolar disorder (BD) or with no mental health diagnoses were recruited for an 18-month observational study. Participants installed the Beiwe digital phenotyping app on their phones to collect passive data from their smartphone sensors and thrice-weekly surveys. Participants and caregivers were interviewed monthly to assess changes in the participant's mental health. Analyses focused on 48 participants who had completed participation. Average age at baseline was 15.85 years old (SD = 1.37). Approximately half (54%) identified as female, and 54% identified with a minoritized racial/ethnic background. Completion rates across data types were high, with 99% (826/835) of clinical interviews completed, 89% of passive data collected (22,233/25,029), and 47% (4,945/10,448) of thrice-weekly surveys submitted. The proportion of days passive data were collected was consistent over time for both groups; the clinical interview and active survey completion decreased over the study course. Results of this study suggest digital phenotyping has significant potential as a method of long-term mental health monitoring in adolescents. In contrast to traditional methods, including interview and self-report, it is lower burden and provides more complete data over time. A necessary next step is to determine how well the digital data capture changes in mental health to determine the clinical utility of this approach.

Group preventative parent training programs (PPTPs) have been used successfully to improve outcomes for families living in poverty in settings such as Head Start. Nevertheless, such programs face significant enrollment and engagement challenges. Given that research on factors related to parent preferences for group PPTP participation is limited, the purpose of the current study is to examine what types of programs are most preferred by a combined sample of English and Spanish speaking Head Start parents, and to translate program modeling of parent preferences into feasible programming options. The current study relies on conjoint analysis, a technique derived from market research, to learn more about how Head Start parents leverage attributes of a parenting program when making hypothetical participation decisions. Based on a discrete choice experiment with 234 urban, Early Head Start and Head Start parents, findings indicate that parents prioritize program attributes that target strong improvements for their children on desired outcomes, such as academics and friendship skills, while also offering incentives for participation. Simulations indicated that 77.6% of parents preferred an Optimizing Outcomes Program, while 22.4% preferred a Foundational Needs Program. Finally, results indicate that child prosocial or difficult behavior and parent depression risk are associated with specific program preferences. Parents with fewer resources prefer programs that are more foundational and realistic to target more modest gains. Implications are discussed in terms of program modeling and offering programs tailored to preferences.

Individual differences in how the brain responds to novelty are present from infancy. A common method of studying novelty processing is through event-related potentials (ERPs). While ERPs possess millisecond precision, spatial resolution remains poor, especially in infancy. This study aimed to balance spatial and temporal precision by combining ERP data with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Twenty-nine infants (15 female) underwent resting-state fMRI (M

Altered fetal brain function is proposed as a mechanism underlying the relationship between prenatal maternal depression (PMD) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. This study investigated the association between PMD symptoms and fetal brain functional connectivity (FC) using graph theory. A total of 123 pregnant women participated in the study, completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and underwent fetal MRI scans. Results revealed a significant relationship between elevated PMD symptoms and reduced global efficiency in the right insular region of the fetal brain. However, because fetal age was not associated with local or global efficiency in the insular brain region, we cannot determine if the PMD-related reduction in insula global efficiency is indicative of an accelerated or delayed developmental pattern. This study is one of the few to examine fetal brain connectivity in relation to prenatal maternal depression, providing valuable insights into early neurodevelopmental risks and potential targets for early intervention.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive malignancies with a challenging prognosis, especially for patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Their low incidence necessitates comprehensive studies to investigate the survival outcome. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, including data from 16 studies and 4265 patients, to explore surgical outcomes and survival rates, focusing on time-related outcomes, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and recurrence rate. RESULTS:The analysis revealed that the OS rate was 86% [95% CI: 75-97%] at 1 year, decreasing to 60% [95% CI: 45-75%] at 3 years, and further declining to 47% [95% CI: 35-58%] by 5 years. For PFS, the 1-year rate was 61% [95% CI: 25-98%], which remained similar at 62% [95% CI: 35-89%] for 3 and 5 years. In NF1-associated MPNSTs, the 1-year OS was relatively high at 93% [95% CI: 83-100%], but it dropped to 68% [95% CI: 53-84%] at 3 years and further to 50% [95% CI: 31-68%] at 5 years. Additionally, the hazard ratio indicated a 38% lower survival rate in NF1 patients than those with sporadic MPNSTs when data were presented in the same study. Recurrence rates were high, with 56% of patients experiencing a relapse, primarily as local recurrences (70.6%). Mortality was significant, with over 50% of patients dying within an average follow-up period of 33.45 months. CONCLUSIONS:MPNSTs, particularly in NF1 patients, are associated with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. These results underline the necessity of targeted therapeutic strategies and improved programs for screening, mainly through a multidisciplinary approach to optimize management.

Recent changes to US research funding are having far-reaching consequences that imperil the integrity of science and the provision of care to vulnerable populations. Resisting these changes, the BJPsych Portfolio reaffirms its commitment to publishing mental science and advancing psychiatric knowledge that improves the mental health of one and all.

This umbrella review synthesizes data on the prevalence of mental disorder symptoms among university students worldwide. A systematic search of seven databases (inception-July 23, 2023) followed PRISMA guidelines. We included meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of mental disorder symptoms, evaluating methodological quality with AMSTAR-2. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, along with meta-regression and subgroup analyses for moderators (percentage of females, publication date, healthcare-related degrees, COVID-19 pandemic). We included 1,655 primary studies from 62 meta-analyses, encompassing 8,706,185 participants. AMSTAR-2 ratings classified 35 % of meta-analyses as low quality and 65 % as critically low. Pooled prevalence estimates were: depression-mild (35.41 %, CI=33.9-36.93) and severe (13.42 %, CI=8.03-19.92; k=952; n=2,108,813); anxiety-mild (40.21 %, CI=37.39-43.07) and severe (16.79 %, CI=7.21-29.29; k=433; n=1,579,780); sleep disorders (41.09 %, CI=35.7-46.58); eating disorders (17.94 %, CI=15.79-20.20); gambling disorder (6.59 %, CI=5.52-7.75); post-traumatic stress disorder (25.13 %, CI=20.55-30.02); stress (36.34 %, CI=29.36-43.62); and suicide-related outcomes (ideation past 12 months: 10.76 %, CI=9.53-12.06; lifetime ideation: 20.33 %, CI=16.15-24.86; suicide attempt past 12 months: 1.37 %, CI=0.67-2.29; lifetime attempt: 3.44 %, CI=2.48-4.54). Meta-regression analyses identified statistically significant moderators of prevalence such as healthcare academic degrees and the pandemic in the case of depression and studies with more females in the case of sleep disorders. This is the most comprehensive synthesis on the prevalence of mental disorder symptoms in university students, providing crucial insights for clinicians, policymakers, and stakeholders.

BACKGROUND:) that underlies the vulnerability to both physical and mental conditions could have important implications for our approach to health assessment and treatment. OBJECTIVE:in children and adolescents. METHODS:This Swedish registry-based cross-sectional study included children and adolescents born between 1996 and 2003 with follow-up until 2013. We extracted data on 25 mental and physical health conditions according to the ICD-10 system. To determine the optimal dimensional structure of these conditions, several competing measurement models were tested, including correlated factors, one factor, various bifactor specifications and bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM). FINDINGS/RESULTS:=0.423; ECV=0.130) factors also indicated additional significant unique contributions. CONCLUSIONS:underlying both mental and physical conditions, alongside distinct domain-specific factors. These findings have important implications for clinical practice, providing evidence that suggests the need for more integrated approaches to health assessment and treatment that consider the interconnectedness of mental and physical health.