Faculty Bibliography

Equine-assisted services include novel approaches for treating children's mental health disorders, one of which is anxiety (Latella & Abrams, 2019). Reining in Anxiety is a manualized approach to adaptive riding drawing on evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy elements for youth with anxiety. This intervention was delivered by PATH Certified Therapeutic Riding Instructors (CTRIs) in a randomized pilot study. Fidelity checklists, developed to match the core components of the manualized intervention, were collected by independent observers. Fidelity scores addressed an average of 98.7% of components, well beyond the threshold for high fidelity (e.g. >80%) established in the literature (Garbancz et al., 2014). These findings show that the PATH CTRIs trained in the Reining in Anxiety intervention for this study, with supervision and implementation supports, delivered this intervention with high fidelity. This has important implications for expanding access to evidence-based community mental health services beyond traditional clinic settings and providers, and for addressing the gap between the need for and use of evidence-based youth mental health services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

BACKGROUND: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 has caused mortality and long-lasting morbidity worldwide. Acutely, COVID-19 may elevate risk of blood clots, cardiomyopathy, and acute kidney injury. For many critically ill patients, dialysis has been essential in managing infection. Long-term, the impact of COVID-19 on renal function remains unknown. This longitudinal observational study examines basic renal function indexed by serum creatinine and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) measured ~10-26 weeks after COVID-19 onset.
METHOD(S): We queried the NYU Langone COVID Deidentified Dataset for adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test and excluded End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients (3%). The cohort had a creatinine test from a Basic or Comprehensive Metabolic Panel >2 weeks before and >2 weeks after infection (n=501; 54% female; 18%=18-42 years, 39%=43-67 years, 43%=68+ year old). Within- patient pre- vs. post-COVID creatinine change change was normalized by the patient's latest pre- COVID creatinine test. To gauge the putative clinical relevance of creatinine change in understanding risk for deterioration to ESRD, renal function stratified by eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2 ), available only for n=221 (44% of cohort), is illustrated in the figure below.
RESULT(S): Post-COVID creatinine levels were greater (1.327 mg/dL +/- 0.06, mean +/- SEM) than pre- COVID levels (1.248 mg/dL +/- 0.07) representing a post-COVID increase change =0.093 (Cohen's d effect size=0.15, t500=3.3, p<0.001). This creatinine change was captured at a pre-/post-interval=192.5 +/- 3.1 days (mean +/- SEM), corresponding to 129.5 +/- 3.1 days after a COVID-19 infection (min=2 weeks, IQR=10-26 weeks, max=38 weeks).
CONCLUSION(S): In an early COVID-19 epicenter, we show preliminary evidence of sustained creatinine increases in a cohort without ESRD around 3- 6 months following COVID-19 onset. Future work should isolate the role of pre-existing risk factors and link potentially new renal dysfunction more directly to COVID-19. Given the long-term follow-up data available in this study, we recommend that primary care providers track renal function in patients following COVID-19 infection to screen for emergent renal disease and adjust any renally dosed medications. LEARNING OBJECTIVE #1: Identify changes in renal function after recovery from COVID-19 infection LEARNING OBJECTIVE #2: Depict patterns of long-term renal function changes post-COVID

Automatic emotion regulation (AER) plays a vital role in the neuropathology underlying both suicide and self-harm via modifying emotional impact effortlessly. However, both the effortless account and the neural mechanisms of AER are undetermined. To investigate the neural changes at AER, we collected functional MRI (fMRI) in 31 participants who attended to neutral and disgust pictures in three conditions: watching, goal intention (GI), and reappraisal by implementation intention (RII). Results showed that RII (but not GI) decreased negative feelings and bilateral amygdala activity without increasing cognitive efforts, evidenced by the reduced effort rating and less prefrontal engagement during RII compared with during watching and GI. These emotion-regulatory effects of RII cannot be explained by emotional habituation, as the supplementary experiment (N = 31) showed no emotional habituation effects when the same disgust pictures were presented repeatedly three times for each watching and GI condition. Task-based network analysis showed both RII and GI relative to watching increased functional connectivities (FCs) of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex to the left insula and right precuneus during conditions, two FCs subserving goal setup. However, RII relative to GI exhibited weaker FCs in brain networks subserving effortful control, memory retrieval, aversive anticipation, and motor planning. In these FCs, the FC intensity of putamen-operculum/lingual and paracentral-superior temporal gyri positively predicted regulatory difficulty ratings. These findings suggest that the setup of implementation intention automatizes emotion regulation by reducing the online mobilization of emotion-coping neural systems.

A growing body of research is documenting the impact of parental legal status on familial and child well-being in the U.S. This study adds to the literature by examining the relation of legal vulnerability with the health and mental health of Bangladeshi immigrant parents and their children. A cross-sectional study with 73 immigrant Bangladeshi families was conducted in New York City. Parents reported on legal status indicators, perceived stressors, health, and child mental health indicators. Parents with greater legal vulnerability reported significantly greater immigration-related stressors and poorer perceived health outcomes for themselves and their children in comparison with parents having less legal vulnerability. Immigration stressors explained a significant amount of variance in parent symptoms of depression, tension, and sleep problems and child mental health indicators, beyond the variance explained by acculturation stress and financial stress. Practitioners should be aware that legal vulnerability and associated immigration stressors are adversely associated with Bangladeshi health and mental health.

This article discusses empirical research findings that demonstrate psychobiological dysregulation among violently traumatized mothers of very young children and then describes what effects this dysregulation can have on the mother-infant relationship. Out of this research, the first author developed CAVES originally as an experimental evaluation technique and test-intervention. The theoretical premise, evidence-base, and signature features of the CAVES are described along with a case example showing how it quickly became the foundation for a new brief psychotherapeutic model for traumatized parents and their very young children ages 0 to 4, CAVEAT. The essentials of CAVEAT as a 16-session manualized treatment model are also presented with a case example as illustration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (German) Dieser Artikel diskutiert empirische Forschungsergebnisse, die bei gewalt- sam traumatisierten Muttern von Kleinkindern eine psychobiologische Dysregulation nachweisen, und beschreibt deren Auswirkungen auf die Mutter-Kind-Beziehung. Aus dieser Forschung entwickelte der Erstautor die CAVES als experimentelle Evaluationstechnik und Test-Intervention. Die theoretischen Grundlagen, die Evidenzbasis und Hauptmerkmale der CAVES werden zusammen mit einem Fallbeispiel beschrieben, das zeigt, wie CAVES zu einem neuen Modell fur eine kurze Psychotherapie fur traumatisierte Eltern und ihre Kinder im Alter von 0 bis 4 wurde (CAVEAT). Das Behandlungsmodell der CAVEAT mit 16 Sitzungen, das auch als Manual besteht, wird anhand eines Fallbeispiels veranschaulicht (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause an immense psychosocial strain worldwide. Excessive use of the internet during these psychologically trying times, fueled by physical isolation as a result of lockdowns, has translated into dysfunctional behaviors. A growing body of evidence suggests an unprecedented increase in internet use and consumption of online pornography during the pandemic, and possibly even directly caused by it. In this review, the authors report data from relevant sources to show the rise in pornography use during lockdowns in different countries worldwide. In addition to a brief overview of the neurobiology of internet addiction broadly and problematic online pornography use specifically, similarities with substance use disorders are explained. Further, the current status of the debate about defining diagnostic criteria is discussed. Finally, the review sheds light on the potential detrimental outcomes during the future post-pandemic "re-adaptation," while simultaneously offering preventative and management strategies for harm reduction. The authors conclude that foresightedness with utilizing existing tools and therapies and exercising appropriate amounts of caution could go a long way in addressing the challenges that lie ahead in the post-pandemic era.