Faculty Bibliography
Searched for:
school:SOM
Department/Unit:Neuroscience Institute
Total Results:
13362
Closed-loop acoustic stimulation enhances sleep oscillations but not memory performance
Slow-oscillations and spindle activity during non-REM sleep have been implicated in memory consolidation. Closed-loop acoustic stimulation has previously been shown to enhance slow oscillations and spindle activity during sleep and improve verbal associative memory. We assessed the effect of closed-loop acoustic stimulation during a daytime nap on a virtual reality spatial navigation task in 12 healthy human subjects in a randomized within-subject crossover design. We show robust enhancement of slow-spindle activity during sleep. However, no effects on behavioral performance were observed when comparing real versus sham stimulation. To explore whether memory enhancement effects were task-specific and dependent on nocturnal sleep, in a second experiment with 19 healthy subjects, we aimed to replicate a previous study which used closed-loop acoustic stimulation to enhance memory for word pairs. Methods were as close as possible to the original study, except we used a double-blind protocol, in which both subject and experimenter were unaware of the test condition. Again, we successfully enhanced slow-spindle power, but again did not strengthen associative memory performance with stimulation. We conclude that enhancement of slow-spindle oscillations may be insufficient to enhance memory performance in spatial navigation or verbal association tasks, and provide possible explanations for lack of behavioral replication.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Prior studies have demonstrated that a closed-loop acoustic pulse paradigm during sleep can enhance verbal memory performance. This technique has widespread scientific and clinical appeal due to its non-invasive nature and ease of application. We tested with a rigorous double-blind design whether this technique could enhance key sleep rhythms associated sleep-dependent memory performance. We discovered that we could reliably enhance slow and spindle rhythms, but did not improve memory performance in the stimulation condition compared to sham condition. Our findings suggest that enhancing slow-spindle rhythms is insufficient to enhance sleep-dependent learning.
PMID: 31604814
ISSN: 2373-2822
CID: 4130772
Large-scale brain functional network topology disruptions underlie symptom heterogeneity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Accumulating evidence suggests brain network dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Whether large-scale brain network connectivity patterns reflect clinical heterogeneity in ADHD remains to be fully understood. This study aimed to characterize the differential within- and between-network functional connectivity (FC) changes in children with ADHD combined (ADHD-C) or inattentive (ADHD-I) subtypes and their associations with ADHD symptoms. We studied the task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 58 boys with ADHD and 28 demographically matched healthy controls. We measured within- and between-network connectivity of both low-level (sensorimotor) and high-level (cognitive) large-scale intrinsic connectivity networks and network modularity. We found that children with ADHD-C but not those with ADHD-I exhibited hyper-connectivity within the anterior default mode network (DMN) compared with controls. Additionally, children with ADHD-C had higher inter-network FC between the left executive control (ECN) and the salience (SN) networks, between subcortical and visual networks, and between the DMN and left auditory networks than controls, while children with ADHD-I did not show differences compared with controls. Similarly, children with ADHD-C but not ADHD-I showed lower network modularity compared with controls. Importantly, these observed abnormal inter-network connectivity and network modularity metrics were associated with Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems and internalizing problems in children with ADHD. This study revealed relatively greater loss of brain functional network segregation in childhood ADHD combined subtype compared to the inattentive subtype, suggesting differential large-scale functional brain network topology phenotype underlying childhood ADHD heterogeneity.
PMID: 30472167
ISSN: 2213-1582
CID: 3500972
Posterior Piriform Cortical Modulation of Odor Fear Memory [Meeting Abstract]
ISI:000493389500274
ISSN: 0379-864x
CID: 4221952
The discrete Fourier transform for golden angle linogram sampling
ISI:000499910200001
ISSN: 0266-5611
CID: 4228192
Multimodal Hippocampal Subfield Grading For Alzheimer's Disease Classification
ISI:000487586600036
ISSN: 2045-2322
CID: 4155602
The economic burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the United States [Meeting Abstract]
Objective: To provide a comprehensive assessment of the direct and indirect medical costs of PD in the US Background: In addition to the debilitating symptoms of PD itself, people with PD (PWP) also experience injuries from falls and other comorbidities. As a result, PWP have higher medical needs, often miss work, retire early and require caregiver assistance. PD prevalence is predicted to increase in coming decades. Comprehensive information on the economic burden of PD is needed.
Method(s): Multiple data sources were used to estimate the different components of the cost of PD, including: The US Census population projections combined with Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data; claims data from Medicare Standard Analytical File (SAF), nonacute care and prescription drug components from the MCBS, CDC Wonder data, average earnings data from Bureau of Labor Statistics, and one of the largest claims databases for the privately insured. Other indirect and non-medical cost components were estimated using a primary survey that was designed and implemented for this study. Costs were determined for an estimated 1 million Americans with PD using 2017 costs.
Result(s): The estimated total medical cost attributable to PD is just over $25 billion in the US. Nearly 90% of the total direct medical cost of PD are borne by Medicare and its beneficiaries with PD, with inpatient and non-acute institutional care representing the largest shares of the total direct cost. The average per-person direct cost was $22,671 for the privately insured PWP 65 years of age) with PD. The average indirect and non-medical cost per PWP is $18,229 for PWP alone and $24,149 for PWP combined with unpaid care partner burden. The estimated total indirect and non-medical cost of PD is $25.05 billion in 2017, with $18.9 billion attributed to PWP and another $6.1 billion to unpaid care partners.
Conclusion(s): This is the most comprehensive US study to-date in examining the overall economic burden of PD. Our findings underscore the significant burden of PD to society, payers, people with PD and their care partners
Method(s): Multiple data sources were used to estimate the different components of the cost of PD, including: The US Census population projections combined with Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data; claims data from Medicare Standard Analytical File (SAF), nonacute care and prescription drug components from the MCBS, CDC Wonder data, average earnings data from Bureau of Labor Statistics, and one of the largest claims databases for the privately insured. Other indirect and non-medical cost components were estimated using a primary survey that was designed and implemented for this study. Costs were determined for an estimated 1 million Americans with PD using 2017 costs.
Result(s): The estimated total medical cost attributable to PD is just over $25 billion in the US. Nearly 90% of the total direct medical cost of PD are borne by Medicare and its beneficiaries with PD, with inpatient and non-acute institutional care representing the largest shares of the total direct cost. The average per-person direct cost was $22,671 for the privately insured PWP 65 years of age) with PD. The average indirect and non-medical cost per PWP is $18,229 for PWP alone and $24,149 for PWP combined with unpaid care partner burden. The estimated total indirect and non-medical cost of PD is $25.05 billion in 2017, with $18.9 billion attributed to PWP and another $6.1 billion to unpaid care partners.
Conclusion(s): This is the most comprehensive US study to-date in examining the overall economic burden of PD. Our findings underscore the significant burden of PD to society, payers, people with PD and their care partners
EMBASE:630631605
ISSN: 1877-718x
CID: 4291862
Don Summers Memorial MSA Travel Award: Baseline characteristics of patients with multiple system atrophy enrolled in the Natural History Study of the Synucleinopathies [Meeting Abstract]
Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal and poorly understood rare neurodegenerative disorder. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of patients with MSA enrolled in a prospective multicenter and multinational NIH-sponsored Natural History Study of the Synucleinopathies.
Method(s): Patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable or possible MSA were prospectively enrolled at 11 participating centers. Demographic data, clinical variables, and autonomic testing results were included.
Result(s): 293 patients with MSA (125 women) have been enrolled. MSA-C was predominant (154 patients, 52.6%). Mean age at symptom onset was 57.6+/-8.4 (mean+/-SD) and at enrollment was 62.0+/-7.8 years old. UMSARS-1 was 21.1+/-7.6 and UMSARS-2 was 21.2+/-9.1. MoCA score was 26.3+/-4.4 indicating normal cognition. In the supine position, blood pressure (systolic BP/diastolic BP) was 143.0+/-25.2/84.0+/-14.5 mmHg, and heart rate was 75.0+/-11.5 bpm. After 3-min head-up tilt, BP fell to 113.1+/-25.5/69.6+/-15.9 mmHg and HR increased to 82.9+/-12.7 bpm. Supine plasma norepinephrine levels were 365.4+/-408.5 pg/ml and increased only to 449.8+/-277.2 pg/ml upon head-up tilt indicating impaired baroreflex-mediated sympathetic activation. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score was 28.5+/-8.1 indicating preserved olfaction. Probable rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder was reported by 85%.
Conclusion(s): This is the largest cross-sectional sample of patients with MSA recruited consecutively reported so far. Our results confirm that: i) symptom onset in MSA is remarkable consistent at 57 years; ii) overt cognitive impairment is not a typical feature; iii) sympathetic and cardiovagal deficits are present; iv) olfaction is preserved, and; v) probable REM behavior disorder is very frequent. The prospective follow-up of these patients will provide additional information on the natural history of the disease
Method(s): Patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable or possible MSA were prospectively enrolled at 11 participating centers. Demographic data, clinical variables, and autonomic testing results were included.
Result(s): 293 patients with MSA (125 women) have been enrolled. MSA-C was predominant (154 patients, 52.6%). Mean age at symptom onset was 57.6+/-8.4 (mean+/-SD) and at enrollment was 62.0+/-7.8 years old. UMSARS-1 was 21.1+/-7.6 and UMSARS-2 was 21.2+/-9.1. MoCA score was 26.3+/-4.4 indicating normal cognition. In the supine position, blood pressure (systolic BP/diastolic BP) was 143.0+/-25.2/84.0+/-14.5 mmHg, and heart rate was 75.0+/-11.5 bpm. After 3-min head-up tilt, BP fell to 113.1+/-25.5/69.6+/-15.9 mmHg and HR increased to 82.9+/-12.7 bpm. Supine plasma norepinephrine levels were 365.4+/-408.5 pg/ml and increased only to 449.8+/-277.2 pg/ml upon head-up tilt indicating impaired baroreflex-mediated sympathetic activation. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score was 28.5+/-8.1 indicating preserved olfaction. Probable rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder was reported by 85%.
Conclusion(s): This is the largest cross-sectional sample of patients with MSA recruited consecutively reported so far. Our results confirm that: i) symptom onset in MSA is remarkable consistent at 57 years; ii) overt cognitive impairment is not a typical feature; iii) sympathetic and cardiovagal deficits are present; iv) olfaction is preserved, and; v) probable REM behavior disorder is very frequent. The prospective follow-up of these patients will provide additional information on the natural history of the disease
EMBASE:632812914
ISSN: 1619-1560
CID: 4597902
The Spectrum of Neurobehavioral Outcomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2019]
pp. 3-12
ISBN: 9783319949970
CID: 5301182
Synthesis of acremines A, B and F and studies on the bisacremines
The acremines are a family of meroterpenoids isolated from fungi of the genus Acremonium. Here, we present the asymmetric total synthesis of acremine F which hinges on a modestly enantioselective dihydroxylation and a subsequent kinetic resolution via a highly selective asymmetric reduction. Chemoselective oxidation of acremine F gave access to acremines A and B. The dimerization of acremine F to bisacremine E was investigated but could not be achieved, shedding light on the formation of the acremine dimers in nature.
PMCID:6774081
PMID: 31598179
ISSN: 1860-5397
CID: 4175472
Introduction: Special Issue in Honor of Eva Sykova [Editorial]
EMBASE:2003911868
ISSN: 1573-6903
CID: 4252852
