Faculty Bibliography

The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure, tensile and compressive properties and failure mechanisms of WE43 alloy is studied. The eutectic phase is dissolved into the α-Mg phase and the grain size is refined in the heat treated alloy. Heat treatment improves the tensile yield and ultimate strengths by 40% and 53%, respectively. The compressive yield and ultimate strengths of heat treated alloy are also 55% and 23%, respectively, higher compared to the as-cast alloy. Compressive characterization is also conducted at high strain rates. The energy absorption capability of WE43-T5 specimens is higher than the as-cast WE43 specimens at all strain rates investigated in this work. Failure initiates with cracks in the eutectic phase in the as-cast alloy. These cracks grow through the grain to result in transgranular fracture. The absence of eutectic mixture in heat treated alloy results in grain boundary sliding and crack initiation at triple junctions. The crack propagation is delayed in the absence of eutectic precipitates, which improves the mechanical properties of the heat treated alloy.

This work describes the kinetics of conversion of brushite coatings, produced by chemical deposition, to hydroxyapatite. The conversion was performed in alkaline solution at three temperatures: 50 °C, 55 °C, and 60 °C. The evolution of the transformation was assessed by X-ray diffraction, and the phase fractions were determined by Rietveld refinement. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation was applied to the data in order to describe the conversion mechanisms. The value of 42 kJ/mol obtained for the conversion activation energy is of the same order as found in similar surface-controlled dissolution processes. The Avrami exponent was n = 3.5, which is consistent with an interface-controlled growth of three-dimensional HA crystals with decreasing nucleation rate.

OBJECTIVE:To quantify 3-dimensional (3D) nasal changes in infants with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (UCL±P) treated by nasoalveolar molding (NAM) and cheilorhinoplasty and compare to noncleft controls. DESIGN/METHODS:Retrospective case series of infants treated with NAM and primary cheilorhinoplasty between September, 2012 and July, 2016. Infants were included if they had digital stereophotogrammetric records at initial presentation (T1), completion of NAM (T2), and following primary cheilorhinoplasty (T3). Images were oriented in 3dMD Vultus software, and 16 nasolabial points identified. PATIENTS/METHODS:Twenty consecutively treated infants with UCL±P. INTERVENTIONS/METHODS:Nasoalveolar molding and primary cheilorhinoplasty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES/METHODS:Anthropometric measures of nasal symmetry and morphology were compared in the treatment group between time points using paired Student t tests. Postsurgical nasal morphology was compared to noncleft controls. RESULTS:Nasal tip protrusion increased, and at T3 was 2.64 mm greater than noncleft controls. Nasal base width decreased on the cleft side by 4.01 mm after NAM and by 6.73 mm after cheilorhinoplasty. Columellar length of the noncleft to cleft side decreased from 2:1 to 1:1 following NAM. Significant improvements in subnasale, columella, and nasal tip deviations from midsagittal plane were observed. Treatment improved symmetry of the alar morphology angle and the nasal base-columella angle between cleft and noncleft sides. CONCLUSIONS:Three-dimensional analysis of UCL±P patients demonstrated significant improvements in nasal projection, columella length, nasal symmetry, and nasal width. Compared to noncleft controls, nasal form was generally corrected, with overcorrection of nasal tip projection, columella angle, and outer nasal widths.

BACKGROUND:The subcrestal placement of implant platform has been considered a key factor in the preservation of crestal bone, but the influence of implant placement depth on bone remodeling combined with peri-implantitis is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the crestal or subcrestal placement of implants on peri-implant bone defects of ligature-induced peri-implantitis in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS/METHODS:Eight weeks after tooth extraction in six beagle dogs, two different types of implants (A: OsseoSpeed(TM), Astra, Molndal, Sweden; B: Integra-CP(TM), Bicon, Boston, USA) were placed at either crestal or subcrestal (-1.5 mm) positions on one side of the mandible. Ligature-induced peri-implantitis was initiated four weeks after the installation of the healing abutment connections. After 12 weeks, tissue biopsies were processed for histological analyses. RESULTS:Supra-alveolar bone loss combined with a shallow infrabony defect was observed in crestal level implants while deep and wide infrabony defects were present in subcrestal level groups. Subcrestal groups showed significantly greater ridge loss, depths and widths of infrabony defects when compared to crestal groups (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Within the limitations of the animal study, it can be stated that the implants at subcrestal position displayed greater infra-osseous defect than implants at crestal position under an experimental ligature-induced peri-implantitis.

OBJECTIVE/OBJECTIVE:To determine the opinions of healthcare clinicians in the Philippines regarding the 2016 National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) terminology changes and revised staging definitions. DESIGN AND SETTING/METHODS:A survey methodology was used in Manila, Philippines. Convenience samples of healthcare clinicians of varying disciplines and employment settings were invited to participate in this research. INTERVENTIONS/METHODS:A survey was administered at key intervals regarding the revised NPUAP terminology changes and revised staging definitions. The survey was administered before and after an interactive, basic 2-day wound course was conducted. MAIN RESULTS/RESULTS:Results revealed strong support for the 2016 NPUAP terminology change from pressure ulcer to pressure injury and the revised staging definitions. CONCLUSIONS/CONCLUSIONS:Since the NPUAP changed its terminology and revised the staging definitions, the wound care community has been responding to those changes. Because pressure injuries are a global health concern, the opinions of clinicians outside the United States are equally valuable. The healthcare clinicians in the Philippines surveyed appear to embrace the new terminology changes and revised staging definitions put forth by the NPUAP.

AIM/OBJECTIVE:Persistent socioeconomic disparities in the oral disease burden contribute to pain and suffering among vulnerable and underserved populations who face systemic barriers to access oral health care, including older adults living in disadvantaged urban neighborhoods. The aim of this study is to gain the views of racial/ethnic minority older adults regarding what they believe would support them and their peers in visiting the dentist regularly. METHODS AND RESULTS/RESULTS:Focus groups were conducted and digitally audio-recorded from 2013 to 2015 with 194 racial/ethnic minority women and men aged 50 years and older living in northern Manhattan who participated in one of 24 focus group sessions about improving oral health for older adults. Analysis of the transcripts was conducted using thematic content analysis. The majority of recommendations from racial/ethnic minority older adults to help older adults go to the dentist regularly were centered at the organization and provider level. The preeminence of respectful treatment to racial/ethnic minority older adults may be useful to underscore in oral health programs and settings. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:There is a need for greater engagement of and attention to patients and other stakeholders in developing, testing, and disseminating interventions to close the gaps in oral health care disparities.

OBJECTIVE/UNASSIGNED:To investigate intrinsic palatal and alveolar tissue deficiency in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) as compared to age-matched individuals without UCLP using surface area measurements on 3D scans of plaster casts. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:22 maxillary casts of infants with UCLP from the Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery of NYU Langone Medical Center and 37 maxillary casts from infants without clefts from Sillman's longitudinal study were scanned by Ortho Insight 3D by Motion View Software, LLC (Chattanooga, TN) and measured using Checkpoint software (Stratovan, Davis, CA). The palatal and alveolar surface areas of each cast were measured. The most superior point of the alveolar ridge in front of the incisive papilla and the most superior point of each maxillary tuberosity were connected by a line that ran along the highest part of the alveolar ridge. This line was used to set boundaries for the palatal surface area measurements. The surface areas of greater and lesser segments were measured independently on UCLP casts. A total palatal surface area for the UCLP sample including width of the cleft gap was also measured. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:< .0001). CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:An intrinsic palatal and alveolar tissue deficiency exists in patients born with UCLP. The amount of tissue deficiency for a patient with UCLP should be considered when developing and executing a patient-specific treatment plan.