NYUHSL Faculty Bibliography

Searched for:

school:SOM

Department/Unit:Otolaryngology

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7619

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2017:141(2).DOI: 10.1121/1.4976059

Contribution of formant frequency information to vowel perception in steady-state noise by cochlear implant users

Sagi, Elad; Svirsky, Mario A

Cochlear implant (CI) recipients have difficulty understanding speech in noise even at moderate signal-to-noise ratios. Knowing the mechanisms they use to understand speech in noise may facilitate the search for better speech processing algorithms. In the present study, a computational model is used to assess whether CI users' vowel identification in noise can be explained by formant frequency cues (F1 and F2). Vowel identification was tested with 12 unilateral CI users in quiet and in noise. Formant cues were measured from vowels in each condition, specific to each subject's speech processor. Noise distorted the location of vowels in the F2 vs F1 plane in comparison to quiet. The best fit model to subjects' data in quiet produced model predictions in noise that were within 8% of actual scores on average. Predictions in noise were much better when assuming that subjects used a priori knowledge regarding how formant information is degraded in noise (experiment 1). However, the model's best fit to subjects' confusion matrices in noise was worse than in quiet, suggesting that CI users utilize formant cues to identify vowels in noise, but to a different extent than how they identify vowels in quiet (experiment 2).

PMCID:5392095

PMID: 28253672

ISSN: 1520-8524

CID: 2471552

Hearing research. 2017:344:223-234.DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.11.017

Loudness and Pitch Perception using Dynamically Compensated Virtual Channels

Nogueira, Waldo; Litvak, Leonid; Landsberger, David M; Buchner, Andreas

Reducing power consumption is important for the development of smaller cochlear implant (CI) speech processors. Simultaneous electrode stimulation may improve power efficiency by minimizing the required current applied to a given electrode. Simultaneous in-phase stimulation on adjacent electrodes (i.e. virtual channels) can be used to elicit pitch percepts intermediate to the ones provided by each of the physical electrodes in isolation. Virtual channels are typically implemented in monopolar stimulation mode, producing broad excitation patterns. Focused stimulation may reduce the excitation patterns, but is inefficient in terms of power consumption. To create a more power efficient virtual channel, we developed the Dynamically Compensated Virtual Channel (DC-VC) using four adjacent electrodes. The two central electrodes are current steered using the coefficient alpha (0

PMCID:5421637

PMID: 27939418

ISSN: 1878-5891

CID: 2363232

Annals of surgical oncology. 2017(70th).DOI: 10.1245/s10434-2D017-2D5785-2D7

Clinical and biologic impact of body mass index on adrenocortical carcinoma [Meeting Abstract]

Weisbrod, A; Rossfeld, K; Yu, L; Tran, T; Postlewait, L M; Maithel, S K; Prescott, J D; Wang, T S; Glenn, J; Fields, R; Jin, L X; Weber, S M; Salem, A; Sicklick, J K; Gad, S; Yopp, A; Mansour, J C; Duh, Q; Seiser, N; Solorzano, C C; Kiernan, C M; Votanopoulos, K; Levine, E A; Hatzaras, I; Shenoy, R; Pawlik, T

Purpose: Obesity is an established risk factor for many types of cancer. While obesity has been linked to worse long-term outcomes among patients with breast and colorectal cancer, the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) remains ill-defined. Since ACC can express adipokine and estrogen receptors, the impact of BMI on outcomes in this patient population is important. We sought to define the association of BMI on ACC clinical and biologic factors, as well as long-term survival. Methods: Data was obtained on 187 patients who underwent surgery for ACC at 13 institutions for whom BMI data were available. Patients were stratified according to the WHO classification of BMI: BMI<25, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, 35-39.9 and >=40. Demographics, tumor biology, management strategies and clinical outcomes were assessed relative to BMI category. Categorical data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, while continuous variables were analyzed by ANOVA model; disease-free and overall survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results: Mean BMI was 29.5, with a range of 19 to 69. Patient age was comparable among all BMI groups (p=0.9917). Patient sex (p=0.0079) and race (p=0.0373) varied by BMI category. Mean tumor size was 12.1 cm and mean tumor weight was 875 grams, which was similar in all BMI groups. AJCC stage (Stage I: n=12; Stage II: n=62; Stage III: n=47; and Stage IV: n=48) and ENSAT stage (Stage I: n=12; Stage II: n=62; Stage III: n=72; and Stage IV: n=23) did not vary by BMI. BMI tended to be associated with mean mitotic rate (BMI<25: 12.4; 25-29.9: 14.2; 30-34.9: 21.0; 35-39.9: 33.8 and >=40: 8.7; p=0.0773) and percent lymphatic invasion (BMI<25: 37%; 25-29.9: 68%; 30-34.9: 60%; 35-39.9: 67% and>=40: 44%; p=0.0818). In addition, R0 resection rate differed by BMI group (BMI<25: 68%; 25-29.9: 76%; 30-34.9: 50%; 35-39.9: 27% and >=40: 71%; p=0.0029). BMI was not associated with disease-free interval or overall survival. Conclusion: Increased BMI was associated with ACC tumor characteristics but did not affect disease-free or overall survival in our cohort. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether the endocrine effect of lipocytes influences ACC pathology

EMBASE:617745725

ISSN: 1534-4681

CID: 2671452

Chapter by: Ward, Robert F.

in: Pediatric Tonsillectomy: Intracapsular Versus Extracapsular Techniques (DVD Included) by

[S.l.] : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017

pp. 31-36

ISBN: 9781536127065

CID: 2919582