Faculty Bibliography
Searched for:
school:SOM
Department/Unit:Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Total Results:
11211
Global psychiatrists' opinions about hikikomori from biopsychosocial perspectives: International case vignette survey
AIM/UNASSIGNED:(prolonged social isolation), and how they formulate and treat such cases. METHODS/UNASSIGNED:case vignette was sent to psychiatrists of 34 countries around the world. Participants rated for the vignette: frequency of similar cases in one's practicing country; and aspects of formulation, diagnosis, suicide risk, and treatment plan. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:In total, 344 complete responses from 34 countries were returned. Eight countries/areas had 10 or more respondents: Japan (61), South Korea (54), Nepal (48), Iran (40), Thailand (32), India (23), Hong Kong (12), and UK (10); the remainder were placed in the "others" group (64). Respondents from all countries except Thailand felt that similar cases were seen. Diverse patterns of response were obtained regarding formulation and treatment. Japan, South Korea, and "others" favored psychosocial aspects in the formulation, while Iran, Nepal, and India favored biological factors. Most respondents felt the case could be treated by an outpatient visit, while others preferred hospitalization. Psychotherapy was rated highly as an intervention; Iran, South Korea, and "others" also rated pharmacotherapy highly. CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:patients.
PMCID:12099068
PMID: 40416471
ISSN: 2769-2558
CID: 5855052
Maternal reflective functioning in pregnancy and parenting during the preschool period
Parental reflective functioning (PRF) refers to a parent's ability to understand their own and their child's mental states and connect them to behaviors. This longitudinal study evaluated (1) associations among prenatal PRF, using the Pregnancy Interview, demographics, prenatal maternal depressive symptoms, and maternal-fetal attachment and (2) whether prenatal PRF predicted parenting quality assessed during unstructured and challenging mother-child interaction tasks beyond infancy, after controlling for cumulative risk. Data were collected in an urban community sample of women in the midwestern US. Prenatal PRF was positively associated with maternal educational attainment and negatively associated with cumulative demographic risk, but not with depressive symptoms or maternal-fetal attachment. Controlling for cumulative risk, hierarchical regressions showed that prenatal PRF was the sole significant predictor of positive parenting at 36 months, observed during a challenging teaching task but not during free play. Prenatal PRF did not predict negative parenting. These patterns persisted when analyses were repeated within a subsample of Black mothers, with PRF again being the sole significant predictor of positive parenting. Further attention to cultural variations in PRF and parenting in future research is warranted.
PMID: 40440056
ISSN: 1097-0355
CID: 5854772
Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Youth with Autism and/or Intellectual Disabilities: Clinical Characteristics and Considerations
Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and/or an intellectual disability (ASD/ID) are psychiatrically hospitalized at disproportionately higher rates than youth without ASD/ID. Despite this, few studies have compared the clinical courses of youth with and without ASD/ID in inpatient (IP) child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) settings. This study used a cross-sectional design of all youth (M = 14.0 years, SD = 2.6 years) admitted to an urban IP unit between 2018 and 2021 to examine differences between ASD/ID and non-ASD/ID youth across dimensions of sociodemographic and psychiatric history and clinical course. 1101 Patients were included in the study and 170 (15.4%) had a history of ASD/ID. ASD/ID youth were more likely to be younger, be male, have histories of violence, and on average have more prior hospitalizations and existing psychotropic prescriptions than their non-ASD/ID counterparts. ASD/ID youth were less likely than their non-ASD/ID peers to be admitted for suicidality and more likely to be admitted for aggression; they had longer average lengths of stay, received more IP emergency medications for agitation, and experienced greater polypharmacy at discharge. The IP psychiatric clinical course of ASD/ID youth differs from that of non-ASD/ID youth, suggesting that ASD/ID youth often present to IP settings with externalizing symptoms. Findings highlight the importance of clinical strategies tailored to the unique needs of ASD/ID youth to improve their care in general IP CAP settings.
PMID: 40437185
ISSN: 1573-3432
CID: 5854652
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2025.DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2025.05.013
Editorial: Physical Exercise as a Treatment for Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents? The Devil is in the Details [Editorial]
PMID: 40449582
ISSN: 1527-5418
CID: 5854642
Characterizing Long COVID Symptoms During Early Childhood
ORIGINAL:0017675
ISSN: 2168-6203
CID: 5853942
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2025.DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2025.05.009
Unveiling Disparities: The Case for Group-Specific Analyses in Child Psychiatry [Editorial]
PMID: 40414283
ISSN: 1527-5418
CID: 5855022
Breaking the Cycle: Predicting Agitation Crises in Child and Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatry
This study examined biopsychosocial factors associated with the use of intramuscular (IM) agitation emergency medication in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients. A retrospective review of 1,101 patients hospitalized between June 2018-November 2021 at an urban teaching hospital identified predictors of IM medication use through linear regression analysis. Among these patients, 196 received IM medication during their stay. Female sex was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving IM treatment, while factors such as prior involvement with child protective services, a history of violence, previous psychiatric hospitalizations, and use of multiple home psychiatric medications increased the likelihood. Agitation episodes pose risks to both patients and staff, underscoring the importance of early identification and intervention. Understanding these risk factors may guide proactive strategies to reduce the frequency and severity of agitation and limit reliance on emergency pharmacological interventions. Further research is needed to refine predictive models and explore non-pharmacological management approaches.
PMID: 40377832
ISSN: 1573-3327
CID: 5844742
Increased excitability of dentate gyrus mossy cells occurs early in life in the Tg2576 model of Alzheimer's disease
BACKGROUND:Hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is proposed to emerge early and contribute to disease progression. The dentate gyrus (DG) and its primary cell type, granule cells (GCs) are implicated in hyperexcitability in AD. Hence, we hypothesized that mossy cells (MCs), important regulators of GC excitability, contribute to early hyperexcitability in AD. Indeed, MCs and GCs are linked to hyperexcitability in epilepsy. METHODS:Using the Tg2576 model of AD and WT mice (~ 1 month-old), we compared MCs and GCs electrophysiologically and morphologically, assessed the activity marker c-Fos, Aβ expression and a hippocampal- and MC-dependent memory task that is impaired at 3-4 months of age in Tg2576 mice. RESULTS:Tg2576 MCs had increased spontaneous excitatory events (sEPSP/Cs) and decreased spontaneous inhibitory currents (sIPSCs), increasing the excitation/inhibition ratio. Additionally, Tg2576 MC intrinsic excitability was enhanced. Consistent with in vitro results, Tg2576 MCs showed enhanced c-Fos protein expression. Tg2576 MCs had increased intracellular Aβ expression, suggesting a reason for increased excitability. GCs showed increased excitatory and inhibitory input without changes in intrinsic properties, consistent with effects of increased MC activity. In support, increased GC activity was normalized by an antagonist of MC input to GCs. Also in support, Tg2576 MC axons showed sprouting to the area of GC dendrites. These effects occurred before an impairment in the memory task, suggesting they are extremely early alterations. CONCLUSIONS:Alterations in Tg2576 MCs and GCs early in life suggest an early role for MCs in increased GC excitability. MCs may be a novel target to intervene in AD pathophysiology at early stages.
PMCID:12079945
PMID: 40375112
ISSN: 1758-9193
CID: 5844672
Definition of Response in Randomized Controlled Trials of Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review
PMID: 40365735
ISSN: 1557-8992
CID: 5844332
Genome-wide analyses identify 30 loci associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects ~1% of children and adults and is partly caused by genetic factors. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis combining 53,660 OCD cases and 2,044,417 controls and identified 30 independent genome-wide significant loci. Gene-based approaches identified 249 potential effector genes for OCD, with 25 of these classified as the most likely causal candidates, including WDR6, DALRD3 and CTNND1 and multiple genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. We estimated that ~11,500 genetic variants explained 90% of OCD genetic heritability. OCD genetic risk was associated with excitatory neurons in the hippocampus and the cortex, along with D1 and D2 type dopamine receptor-containing medium spiny neurons. OCD genetic risk was shared with 65 of 112 additional phenotypes, including all the psychiatric disorders we examined. In particular, OCD shared genetic risk with anxiety, depression, anorexia nervosa and Tourette syndrome and was negatively associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, educational attainment and body mass index.
PMID: 40360802
ISSN: 1546-1718
CID: 5844232
