Faculty Bibliography

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:The purposes of this retrospective case series study were to evaluate safety issues and determine participants' perceptions of a nightguard vital bleaching (NGVB) technique approximately 10 years post-treatment (average, 118 mo; range, 108-144 mo). MATERIALS AND METHODS/METHODS:The study sample included 30 (79%) of 38 participants who had completed a previous NGVB study using a 10% carbamide peroxide solution (Proxigel or Gly-Oxide) in a custom tray for 6 weeks. Participants were asked whether there had been any change in the shade of their teeth post-treatment and, if so, to quantify the change on a verbal scale. In addition, 19 participants had gingival index and tooth vitality evaluated clinically, external cervical root anatomy evaluated radiographically, and enamel surface changes evaluated microscopically. RESULTS:Thirty-five (92%) of the original 38 participants had successful lightening of their teeth. At approximately 10 years post-treatment (average, 118 mo; range, 108-144 mo), external cervical resorption was not diagnosed and gingival index and tooth vitality findings were considered within the normal expectations for the sample studied, suggesting minimal clinical post-NGVB side effects at approximately 10 years. Scanning electron microscopic observations did not reveal substantial differences between treated and nontreated surfaces. Color stability, as perceived by 43% of the participants, may last approximately 10 years (average, 118 mo; range, 108-144 mo) post-treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE/CONCLUSIONS:Nightguard vital bleaching using 10% carbamide peroxide is safe and effective, with no noticeable side effects, at approximately 10 years (average, 118 mo; range, 108-144 mo) post-treatment. Color stability, as perceived by 43% of the participants, may last 108 to 144 months post-whitening.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of phosphoric acid (PA) and a proprietary glutaraldehyde-HEMA aqueous solution (Gluma Desensitizer; GD) on dentin collagen. Specimens of demineralized bovine dentin collagen were treated with either 37% or 50% PA for 1 or 5 min. An additional set of specimens was treated with 37% PA for 1 min followed by GD for 1 min. All specimens were washed with distilled water, lyophilized. reduced with standardized NaB3H4, hydrolyzed with 6 M HCl and subjected to amino acid and cross-link analyses. The results demonstrated that the treatment of demineralized dentin with PA under the conditions tested did not significantly alter the collagen cross-links. The GD-treated samples showed reduction of free lysine (Lys) and hydroxylysine (Hyl) residues, as well as a decrease in the levels of collagen reducible cross-links. In addition, unidentified reducible compounds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. These compounds may be derived from cross-links formed between GD-derived aldehyde and Lys/Hyl of collagen. The findings indicate that PA treatment does not significantly affect dentin collagen amino acid and cross-link composition, and that GD treatment affects dentin collagen amino acid and cross-link composition.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of the inclusion of glutaraldehyde on the shear bond strength of new ethanol-based adhesives (Gluma Comfort Bond & Desensitizer, GCBD and Gluma Comfort Bond, GCB) versus acetone-based Gluma One Bond (GOB) and a conventional three-step adhesive as a control. MATERIALS AND METHODS/METHODS:Forty bovine incisors were mounted in acrylic, polished to 600-grit, and randomly assigned to four groups (n=10). Dentin was etched for 15 s using 35% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and lightly dried. After adhesive application and curing, Charisma composite was applied in a #5 gelatin capsule and light-cured. Specimens were loaded in shear using an Instron at 5 mm/min. Shear bond strengths were calculated by dividing failure load by bonded surface area. ANOVA showed a significant difference in means at P< 0.01, so Tukey's test was used for pairwise comparisons. RESULTS:Mean SBS (+/- SD, MPa) were: GOB: 8 (4.4)ab; GCB: 10 (4.4)ab; GCBD: 14 (6)bc; SBMP: 17.7 (6.4)c. Superscript letters indicate Tukey's homogeneous subsets (P< 0.05).

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the length of clinical experience on clinician's diagnosing caries and recommending sealants on the occlusal surfaces of permanent/caries free third molars. The third molars involved in this study had been extracted prior to eruption. There were three study groups: dental students, clinicians with five to ten years experience, and clinicians with fifteen to twenty years of practice. Twenty-four percent of the entire sample diagnosed caries. Clinicians with five to ten years of practice diagnosed occlusal caries significantly more than clinicians with fifteen to twenty years of practice, but not significantly differently than senior dental students. Clinicians recommended sealants significantly more than dental students. The most frequent reason for sealant indication was prevention. The results indicate that clinical experience alone does not impart better caries diagnosis and sealant recommendation criteria.