Searched for: school:SOM
Department/Unit:Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY [Meeting Abstract]
Egger, Helen L.; Verduin, Timothy L.; Robinson, Steven; Lebwohl, Rachel; Stein, Cheryl R.; McGregor, Kyle A.; Zhao, Chenyue; Driscoll, Katherine; Mann, Devin; Black, Julia
ISI:000518857302361
ISSN: 0890-8567
CID: 5851172
Maternal reflective functioning, interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder, and risk for psychopathology in early childhood
Suardi, Francesca; Moser, Dominik Andreas; Sancho Rossignol, Ana; Manini, Aurélia; Vital, Marylène; Merminod, Gaëlle; Kreis, Axelle; Ansermet, François; Rusconi Serpa, Sandra; Schechter, Daniel Scott
The aim of this study was to examine associations between maternal mentalization, interactive behavior, and child symptoms in families in which mothers suffer from interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder (IPV-PTSD). Fifty-six mothers and children (aged 12-42Â months) including mothers with a diagnosis of IPV-PTSD were studied. Mentalization was measured by the Parental Reflective Functioning (PRF) Scale. Interactive behavior during free-play was measured via the CARE-Index. Child symptoms were measured by the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA). Data analyses included non-parametric correlations and multiple linear regression. Results showed that lower IPV-PTSD and higher Maternal Reflective Functioning (MRF) were related to greater maternal sensitivity. Lower MRF and greater controlling behavior were related to child dysregulation. MRF was found to be lower in the subgroup of IPV-PTSD when the child's father was the perpetrator of IPV. Both MRF and interactive behavior are thus likely to be important targets for intervention during sensitive periods of early social-emotional development.
PMID: 30560713
ISSN: 1469-2988
CID: 3556972
Mechanisms associated with maternal adverse childhood experiences on offspring's mental health in Nairobi informal settlements: a mediational model testing approach
Kumar, Manasi; Amugune, Beatrice; Madeghe, Beatrice; Wambua, Grace Nduku; Osok, Judith; Polkonikova-Wamoto, Anastasia; Bukusi, David; Were, Fred; Huang, Keng-Yen
BACKGROUND:Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a significant public health and social welfare problem in low-and middle income countries (LMICs). However, most ACEs research is based on developed countries, and little is known about mechanisms of early ACEs on adulthood health and offspring's wellbeing for populations in LMICs. This area is needed to guide social welfare policy and intervention service planning. This study addresses these research gaps by examining patterns of ACEs and understanding the role of ACEs on adulthood health (i.e., physical, mental health, experience of underage pregnancy) and offspring's mental health in Kenya. The study was guided by an Integrated Family Stress and Adverse Childhood Experiences Mediation Framework. METHODS:Three hundred ninety four mothers from two informal communities in Kariobangi and Kangemi in Nairobi were included in this study. The Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Overall Health and Quality of Life items, and Child Behavior Checklist were used to study research questions. Data was gathered through a one-time interview with mothers. Structural Equational Modeling (SEM) was applied for mediational mechanism testing. RESULTS:Among 13 ACE areas, most mothers experienced multiple adversity during their childhood (Mean (SD) = 4.93 (2.52)), with household member treated violently (75%) as the most common ACE. SEM results showedthat all domains of ACEs were associated with some aspects of maternal health, and all three domains of maternal health (maternal mental health, physical health, and adolescent pregnancy) were significantly associated with development of offspring's mental health problems. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:ACEs are highly prevalent in Kenyan informal settlements. Consistent with cross cultural literature on family stress model, maternal ACEs are robust predictors for poor child mental health. Preventive interventions for child mental health need to address maternal adverse childhood traumatic experiences as well as their current health in order to effectively promote child mental health.
PMID: 30518351
ISSN: 1471-244x
CID: 3520342
PSYCHOANALYSIS AND THE ACADEMY: WORKING ACROSS BOUNDARIES WITH LINGUISTICS, COGNITIVE/DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
Erreich, Anne
ISI:000457202300003
ISSN: 0003-0651
CID: 3646582
Developmental and neurobehavioral transitions in survival circuits [Review]
Sullivan, Regina M.; Opendak, Maya
Although animals of all ages experience threats, the neurobehavioral response to threat shows fundamental changes across development in altricial species, including humans and rodents. Although the mature animal has an arsenal of defensive strategies to engage, including attack, escape, hide or freeze, the motorically immature infant exhibits age-appropriate responses to threats that involve approach to the caregiver for protection. The neurobiology supporting this difference relies on both the immature state of the infant brain and neural networks specifically adapted to its unique environmental niche. Using examples from innate threats, we review the development of threat survival circuit neurobiology to illustrate developmental transitions and the important role of the caregiver in controlling the infant's neurobehavioral response to threat. ISI:000451771300009
ISSN: 2352-1546
CID: 3545072
Editorial overview: Survival behaviors and circuits [Editorial]
Mobbs, Dean; LeDoux, Joseph
SCOPUS:85055333309
ISSN: 2352-1546
CID: 3937332
Association of Autism Spectrum Disorder With Prenatal Exposure to Medication Affecting Neurotransmitter Systems
Janecka, Magdalena; Kodesh, Arad; Levine, Stephen Z; Lusskin, Shari I; Viktorin, Alexander; Rahman, Rayees; Buxbaum, Joseph D; Schlessinger, Avner; Sandin, Sven; Reichenberg, Abraham
Importance/UNASSIGNED:Prenatal exposure to certain medications has been hypothesized to influence the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the underlying effects on the neurotransmitter systems have not been comprehensively assessed. Objective/UNASSIGNED:To investigate the association of early-life interference with different neurotransmitter systems by prenatal medication exposure on the risk of ASD in offspring. Design, Setting, and Participants/UNASSIGNED:This case-control study included children born from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2007, and followed up for ASD until January 26, 2015, within a single Israeli health maintenance organization. Using publicly available data, 55 groups of medications affecting neurotransmitter systems and prescribed to pregnant women in this sample were identified. Children prenatally exposed to medications were compared with nonexposed children. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2017, through June 20, 2018. Main Outcome and Measures/UNASSIGNED:Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of ASD risk associated with exposure to medication groups using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for the relevant confounders (eg, birth year, maternal age, maternal history of psychiatric and neurologic disorders, or maternal number of all medical diagnoses 1 year before pregnancy). Results/UNASSIGNED:The analytic sample consisted of 96 249 individuals (1405 cases; 94 844 controls; mean [SD] age at the end of follow-up, 11.6 [3.1] years; 48.8% female), including 1405 with ASD and 94 844 controls. Of 34 groups of medications, 5 showed nominally statistically significant association with ASD in fully adjusted models. Evidence of confounding effects of the number of maternal diagnoses on the association between offspring exposure to medication and ASD was found. Adjusting for this factor, lower estimates of ASD risk among children exposed to cannabinoid receptor agonists (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.95; P = .02), muscarinic receptor 2 agonists (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-0.98; P = .04), opioid receptor κ and ε agonists (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.99; P = .045), or α2C-adrenergic receptor agonists (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19-0.96; P = .04) were observed. Exposure to antagonists of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α was associated with higher estimates of ASD risk (HR, 12.94; 95% CI, 1.35-124.25; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance/UNASSIGNED:Most of the medications affecting neurotransmitter systems in this sample had no association with the estimates of ASD risk. Replication and/or validation using experimental techniques are required.
PMID: 30383108
ISSN: 2168-6238
CID: 3399932
Study Registration: Encouraging the Practice of Hypothetical-Deductive Research in the Journal [Editorial]
Novins, Douglas K; Althoff, Robert R; Billingsley, Mary K; Cortese, Samuele; Drury, Stacy S; Frazier, Jean A; Henderson, Schuyler W; McCauley, Elizabeth A; White, Tonya J H
Earlier this year, we shared with you our commitment to supporting the dissemination of research that is well designed, carefully conducted, and properly interpreted, and our belief that authors, reviewers, editors, publishers, and readers should jointly strive to ensure the integrity of the science that we publish.1 Toward this end, we are pleased to announce a new submission type beginning in 2019: Registered Reports.
PMID: 30522731
ISSN: 1527-5418
CID: 3678592
"Fast" versus "slow" word integration of visual and olfactory objects: EEG biomarkers of decision speed variability
Olofsson, Jonas K; Syrjänen, Elmeri; Ekström, Ingrid; Larsson, Maria; Wiens, Stefan
In psychological experiments, behavioral speed varies across trials, and this variation is often associated with corresponding fluctuations in cortical activity. Little is known about such cortical variations in semantic priming tasks where target words are matched with preceding sensory object cues. Here, two visually presented target words ("pear" and "lilac") were repeatedly cued by corresponding odors or pictures, and the participants were to indicate matching or nonmatching combinations. Data were split in behaviorally "fast" versus "slow" trials. We hypothesized that slow trials would be associated with higher prestimulus alpha activity and reduced ERP amplitudes, and that response-time differences between odor-cued and picture-cued trials would be especially large in slow behavioral trials. Results confirmed that slow trials showed increased alpha-band activity prior to word target onset, as well as amplitude decreases in the sensory P1 and semantic N400 components. However, no interactions between cue-modality and processing speed were observed. Instead, odor-cue integration responses were uniquely delayed on incongruent trials, a novel behavioral effect that was not observed in EEG measures. The results show that semantic integration speed is reflected in cortical activity before and during stimulus processing. Behavioral interactions with cue modality did not correspond to observed cortical activity changes, perhaps because olfactory circuits are not readily observed in scalp-recorded EEG. We conclude that combining behavioral speed variability and cortical EEG measures is useful in understanding the fluctuating nature of cognitive processing sequences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
PMID: 30299144
ISSN: 1939-0084
CID: 3353282
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Infection Counseling and Testing Services Received by Gay and Bisexual Men Using Preexposure Prophylaxis at Their Last PrEP Care Visit
Parsons, Jeffrey T; John, Steven A; Whitfield, Thomas H F; Cienfuegos-Szalay, Jorge; Grov, Christian
BACKGROUND:Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection for many gay and bisexual men (GBM); however, bacterial sexually transmitted infections associated with decreasing condom use among users is of concern. Center for Disease Control and Prevention's guidelines for PrEP use recommend bacterial sexually transmitted infection screening every 6 months. We sought to investigate comprehensive PrEP care, defined as: (1) discussion of sexual behavior, (2) blood sample, (3) urine sample, (4) rectal sample (rectal swab), and (5) throat sample (throat swab), provided at the user's last PrEP appointment. METHODS:The PrEP-using GBM in New York City (n = 104) were asked about their last PrEP care visit. We examined associations of demographics (age, race/ethnicity, and education), recent number of condomless anal sex events, time on PrEP, and health care provider type on receiving comprehensive care at last visit using fully adjusted binary logistic regression. RESULTS:At their last visit, nearly all men (94%) gave blood for testing, 88% provided a urine sample, and 77% discussed sexual behavior with their provider. However, only 51% reported having a rectal swab, and 48% an oral swab. Only 32% of men received comprehensive PrEP care at their last PrEP visit. Odds of receiving comprehensive care were significantly higher among younger men, men with a bachelor's degree or more education, and those who reported more condomless anal sex. CONCLUSIONS:Less than one third of GBM received comprehensive human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection counseling and testing at their last visit. These findings indicate further efforts are needed to prepare health care providers for prescribing and managing patients on PrEP.
PMCID:6247810
PMID: 30422969
ISSN: 1537-4521
CID: 5653012