Faculty Bibliography

Dentistry has witnessed a steady expansion of technological advancements and innovations throughout its history. Today, over 250 names are associated with oral and dental eponyms. In this paper, we highlight 21 eponyms and 24 names that are specific to the field of orthodontics. Each entry briefly presents the individual's name, educational background, notable contribution, and primary references to the original descriptions. This study aims to commemorate these pioneers-many of whom have been forgotten decades or even centuries after their significant contributions to the field.

This paper tests the hypothesis that oligomers of cyclodextrin small enough to remain soluble under aqueous conditions can be incorporated in a collagen gel during fibrillogenesis in a way that enhances prolonged release of a therapeutic. Native D-banded collagen fibril hydrogels are used as an intentionally fast-releasing matrix to examine how affinity-based interactions delay drug release. Doxycycline loading and release from a collagen hydrogel containing entrapped oligomers of γ-cyclodextrin (CD) is investigated. Mathematical modeling is used to separate the effects of the collagen matrix from the incorporated CD. Incorporating CD oligomers increased the releasable amount of doxycycline by 220% and reduced its release rate fivefold. These results demonstrate that affinity-based material design can substantially shift release kinetics even in diffusion-dominated systems. Use of this system to treat chronic peri-implantitis arising from infection and inflammation at the abutment/gingiva interface in dental implants is discussed. Current treatment strategies involve frequent administration of systemic antibiotics and collagenase inhibitors which complicates clinical management. Longer-acting local delivery, even over modest timescales, could reduce dosing frequency and reduce unwanted side effects, thus improving treatment efficacy. A localized controlled drug-release approach may offer a way to simplify this clinical management.

BACKGROUND:Management of modifiable risk factors is key in the prevention of recurrent stroke. We investigated trends in vascular risk factors (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and smoking) control among US adults with stroke. METHODS:, low-density lipoprotein, and blood pressure and prevalence of meeting each recommended target were calculated for each epoch (1999 through 2002, 2003 through 2006, 2007 through 2010, 2011 through 2014, 2015 through 2020, and 2021 through 2023). RESULTS:-trend=0.002). The prevalence of meeting smoking and blood pressure guidelines was stable. Fewer than 10% of individuals met guidelines for all 4 risk factors over the study. CONCLUSIONS:In this nationally representative sample of US adults with stroke, <10% met guideline recommendations for all risk factors with an overall stable trend. These results suggest that efforts aimed at glycemia, blood pressure, and lipid control and smoking cessation could be improved to reduce the burden of recurrent stroke.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE:To develop imaging-based measures for disease assessment in noninfectious posterior uveitis (NIPU). DESIGN/METHODS:A mixed-methods design, beginning with a review of previously developed imaging recommendations formulated by separate subcommittees of the multimodal imaging in uveitis (MUV) initiative, followed by a structured consensus process using the nominal group technique (NGT), facilitated by an independent expert committee. METHODS:An expert committee reviewed and extracted all consensus-based imaging recommendations from the MUV subcommittee manuscripts focused on five major NIPU entities. The primary objective was to categorize imaging features as suggestive of active disease (SAD), suggestive of inactive disease (SID), or equivocal. This process was conducted using the NGT to reach consensus-based imaging measures. These recommendations were further voted upon by members of the full task force. RESULTS:A total of 49 imaging statements were deliberated using two rounds of NGT and independent voting. For the five included diseases, a total of 21 statements qualified as features of SAD, whereas 12 statements were classified as SID. The remaining 16 statements were categorized as equivocal features that need further investigation to determine whether the disease is active. CONCLUSIONS:This study builds upon the multinational efforts of the MUV initiative to extend the standardization of uveitis nomenclature (SUN) work through the integration of additional multimodal imaging information. Defining clear imaging-based outcome measures for NIPU, it establishes a structured framework supporting objective disease assessment. These standardized imaging measures are expected to enhance the utility of multimodal imaging in both routine uveitis care and future clinical trials.

Nationally, there is increased investment in interventions that address diet-related chronic diseases however few studies and interventions are developed to reflect the values and lifestyles of many communities, presenting a barrier to participation. This study aims to better understand the motivators and barriers for the Bangladeshi American community in Brooklyn, New York to participate in diet-related interventions. Formative qualitative interviews were conducted in English and Bangla with Bangladeshi adults (n = 12) to understand current shopping/cooking behaviors, access and usage of food programs, awareness and interest in food programs, and future program preferences. Participants reported three key themes: centrality of community behaviors for program acceptability, creating opportunities to leverage community and social motivations, and addressing logistical concerns during program development. Gardening emerged as a promising program offering to increase access to fresh produce, strengthen community bonds, and foster cross-cultural understanding. Using community feedback, Harvest Share Seedlings, a community-informed home gardening program, was co-developed and implemented with farming and community partners to increase access to fresh produce for the Bangladeshi community. The findings highlight the need to understand and center community-specific considerations when designing and implementing food programs and interventions. Adopting a community-informed approach increases uptake and acceptability from the community, and ensures sustainability in the long run.

Fructose consumption increases the risk of obesity-related metabolic diseases and some cancers, but its role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC) remains controversial. Animal studies suggest that high fructose promotes HCC, whereas human data fail to support the positive link between fructose intake and elevated risk of liver cancer. Moreover, fructose metabolism is progressively attenuated in HCC with the loss of key fructolytic enzymes, including fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase B (ALDOB). Here, we report that fructose suppresses HCC through fructose 1-phosphate (F1P)-mediated inhibition of mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI) in the context of ALDOB deficiency. Transcriptomic and metabolic flux analyses using human HCC cells and tissues revealed that liver cancer cells retain a significant ability to metabolize fructose despite the downregulation of fructolytic genes, with ALDOB showing the earliest and most pronounced suppression compared with GLUT2 and KHK. Dietary supplementation with 10% fructose suppressed HCC in liver-specific Aldob knockout mice. Further spatial and single-cell transcriptomic analyses of clinical HCC samples revealed the spatiotemporal dynamics of fructolytic gene expression and identified subsets of cancer cells that retain fructose uptake and phosphorylation capacity (SLC2A2⁺/KHK⁺) but lack ALDOB expression. Upon fructose exposure, accumulated F1P binds to and inhibits MPI, reducing protein N-glycosylation and triggering apoptosis due to maladaptive ER stress. We further performed virtual high-throughput screening of FDA-approved and clinical-trial drugs and identified ebselen as a potent MPI inhibitor. Taken together, the results of our study reveal a novel mechanism by which dietary fructose inhibits HCC through the F1P-MPI axis, suggesting a therapeutic strategy targeting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer.

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:Hemispherotomy is an effective treatment for children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). While hemispherotomy techniques and indications have evolved, access remains predominantly constrained to high-resource settings. METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of children who underwent hemispherotomy from 2011 to 2023 by a hybrid team, including local Panamanian and US neurologists, neurosurgeons, and EEG technicians and analyzed surgical, epilepsy, and quality of life (QoL) parameters. Follow-up data were collected according to the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) guidelines for children with epilepsy. RESULTS:Twenty-three children underwent hemispherotomy. The median age at surgery was 10 years (range 2-20). The median follow-up time was 6 years (range 1-13). The etiology of DRE included malformations of cortical development in 14 children (60.8%), including 8 (34.8%) with schizencephaly, and secondary causes in 9 children (39.1%). Seizure frequency improved for all 23 children (100%): Engel I was achieved in 15 children (65.2%), Engel II (26.1%) in six children, and Engel III (8.7%) in two children. Patients with seizure freedom had significantly fewer preoperative seizures per day than patients with seizure recurrence. Complications occurred in six children (26.1%): 2 wound infections, 2 meningitis, 1 femoral vein thrombosis, and 1 wound hematoma with return to OR. There were no perioperative mortality and no postoperative hydrocephalus or CSF diversion. QoL-related outcomes were available for 16 children: 16/16 (100%) reported that the surgery was a worthwhile and repeatable choice, 14 (87.5%) reported improved cognitive function, the median QOLCE-16 score was 62.5 ± 21. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:Hemispherotomy for DRE in selected children is a safe and effective surgery in a public children's hospital in a low-resource setting. At last follow-up, the majority of children were seizure-free, and all children had decreased seizure frequency. Families reported improved cognitive function, improved QoL and high satisfaction with their decision to pursue this surgery.