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23548

Current neurology & neuroscience reports. 2021:21(3).DOI: 10.1007/s11910-021-01093-3

Huntington's Disease: New Frontiers in Therapeutics

Pan, Ling; Feigin, Andrew
PURPOSE OF REVIEW/OBJECTIVE:This article describes and discusses new potential disease-modifying therapies for Huntington's disease that are currently in human clinical trials as well as promising new therapies in preclinical development. RECENT FINDINGS/RESULTS:Multiple potential disease-modifying therapeutics for HD are in active development, including direct DNA/gene therapies, RNA modulation, and therapies targeted at aberrant downstream pathways. The etiology of Huntington's disease (HD) is well-known as an abnormally expanded trinucleotide repeat within the huntingtin gene. However, the pathogenesis downstream of the mutant huntingtin gene is complex, involving multiple toxic pathways, including abnormal protein fragmentation and neuroinflammation. The current treatment of HD focuses largely on symptomatic management. This article discusses new, potential disease-modifying therapies that are currently in human clinical trials and preclinical development.
PMID: 33586075
ISSN: 1534-6293
CID: 4807552
Brain. 2021:144(1):213-223.DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa381

Non-invasive quantification of inflammation, axonal and myelin injury in multiple sclerosis

Schiavi, Simona; Petracca, Maria; Sun, Peng; Fleysher, Lazar; Cocozza, Sirio; El Mendili, Mohamed Mounir; Signori, Alessio; Babb, James S; Podranski, Kornelius; Song, Sheng-Kwei; Inglese, Matilde
The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of diffusion basis spectrum imaging in multiple sclerosis at 7 T and to investigate the pathological substrates of tissue damage in lesions and normal-appearing white matter. To this end, 43 patients with multiple sclerosis (24 relapsing-remitting, 19 progressive), and 21 healthy control subjects were enrolled. White matter lesions were classified in T1-isointense, T1-hypointense and black holes. Mean values of diffusion basis spectrum imaging metrics (fibres, restricted and non-restricted fractions, axial and radial diffusivities and fractional anisotropy) were measured from whole brain white matter lesions and from both lesions and normal appearing white matter of the corpus callosum. Significant differences were found between T1-isointense and black holes (P ranging from 0.005 to <0.001) and between lesions' centre and rim (P < 0.001) for all the metrics. When comparing the three subject groups in terms of metrics derived from corpus callosum normal appearing white matter and T2-hyperintense lesions, a significant difference was found between healthy controls and relapsing-remitting patients for all metrics except restricted fraction and fractional anisotropy; between healthy controls and progressive patients for all metrics except restricted fraction and between relapsing-remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis patients for all metrics except fibres and restricted fractions (P ranging from 0.05 to <0.001 for all). Significant associations were found between corpus callosum normal-appearing white matter fibres fraction/non-restricted fraction and the Symbol Digit Modality Test (respectively, r = 0.35, P = 0.043; r = -0.35, P = 0.046), and between black holes radial diffusivity and Expanded Disability Status Score (r = 0.59, P = 0.002). We showed the feasibility of diffusion basis spectrum imaging metrics at 7 T, confirmed the role of the derived metrics in the characterization of lesions and normal appearing white matter tissue in different stages of the disease and demonstrated their clinical relevance. Thus, suggesting that diffusion basis spectrum imaging is a promising tool to investigate multiple sclerosis pathophysiology, monitor disease progression and treatment response.
PMID: 33253366
ISSN: 1460-2156
CID: 4693932
Archives of clinical neuropsychology. 2021:36(2):203-213.DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz056

The Utility of the Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Status in Patients with Temporal and Non-temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Maiman, Moshe; Del Bene, Victor A; Farrell, Eileen; MacAllister, William S; Sheldon, Sloane; Rentería, Miguel Arce; Slugh, Mitchell; Gazzola, Deana M; Barr, William B
OBJECTIVE:The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is a brief neuropsychological battery that has been validated in the assessment of dementia and other clinical populations. The current study examines the utility of the RBANS in patients with epilepsy. METHODS:Ninety-eight patients with epilepsy completed the RBANS as part of a more comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Performance on the RBANS was evaluated for patients with a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE; n = 51) and other epilepsy patients (non-TLE, n = 47) in comparison to published norms. Multivariate analysis of variance compared group performances on RBANS indices. Rates of impairment were also compared across groups using cutoff scores of ≤1.0 and ≤1.5 standard deviations below the normative mean. Exploratory hierarchical regressions were used to examine the relations between epilepsy severity factors (i.e., age of onset, disease duration, and number of antiepileptic drugs [AEDs]) and RBANS performance. RESULTS:TLE and non-TLE patients performed below the normative sample across all RBANS indices. Those with TLE performed worse than non-TLE patients on the Immediate and Delayed Memory indices and exhibited higher rates of general cognitive impairment. Number of AEDs was the only epilepsy severity factor that significantly predicted RBANS total performance, accounting for 14% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that the RBANS has utility in evaluating cognition in patients with epilepsy and can differentiate TLE and non-TLE patients. Additionally, number of AEDs appears to be associated with global cognitive performance in adults with epilepsy.
PMID: 31761928
ISSN: 1873-5843
CID: 4215572
Neurology. 2021:96(6):262-273.DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011151

Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, American Academy of Neurology, and American College of Rheumatology: 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease

Lantos, Paul M; Rumbaugh, Jeffrey; Bockenstedt, Linda K; Falck-Ytter, Yngve T; Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E; Auwaerter, Paul G; Baldwin, Kelly; Bannuru, Raveendhara R; Belani, Kiran K; Bowie, William R; Branda, John A; Clifford, David B; DiMario, Francis J; Halperin, John J; Krause, Peter J; Lavergne, Valery; Liang, Matthew H; Meissner, H Cody; Nigrovic, Lise E; Nocton, James Jay J; Osani, Mikala C; Pruitt, Amy A; Rips, Jane; Rosenfeld, Lynda E; Savoy, Margot L; Sood, Sunil K; Steere, Allen C; Strle, Franc; Sundel, Robert; Tsao, Jean; Vaysbrot, Elizaveta E; Wormser, Gary P; Zemel, Lawrence S
PMID: 33257476
ISSN: 1526-632x
CID: 4694002
Tremor & other hyperkinetic movements. 2021:11.DOI: 10.5334/tohm.577

Twelve Drummers Drumming… With Dystonia

Bledsoe, Ian O; Reich, Stephen G; Frucht, Steven J; Goldman, Jennifer G
Background/UNASSIGNED:Reports of drummers' dystonia are rare, particularly compared to the literature on dystonia in string, piano and brass players. Several cases of drummers' dystonia have been included in large series of multiple instrumentalists, but there are few reports comprised exclusively of drummers with musicians' dystonia. We present here a series of 12 drummers with task-specific, focal dystonia affecting their upper limbs while drumming and spanning multiple playing techniques and musical styles. Methods/UNASSIGNED:We conducted a retrospective chart review of drummers with dystonia seen at academic Movement Disorders centers. Results/UNASSIGNED:All 12 patients were male, and the majority eventually developed spread of dystonia to tasks other than drumming. Ten of the 12 had dystonia affecting their fingers, while 8/12 had dystonia affecting the wrist. Only 1/12 had involvement proximal to the wrist. Pharmacologic interventions were largely ineffective; 3 had some benefit from botulinum toxin injections, but this was limited by problematic weakness in one drummer. Discussion/UNASSIGNED:The phenomenology in our series is concordant with prior reported cases, demonstrating frequent wrist involvement, though we also found that a greater proportion of patients had dystonia affecting the fingers. It could be hypothesized that different drumming techniques or musical styles modulate the relative risk of dystonic involvement of the different anatomical regions of the upper limb. Highlights/UNASSIGNED:Drummers' dystonia is one of the least common forms of musicians' dystonia, though this may reflect fewer numbers of these instrumentalists. We present the largest series of drummers' dystonia and review previously published cases. Our cohort, representing diverse drumming styles, showed frequent involvement of dystonia in the wrists and fingers.
PMCID:7894364
PMID: 33633869
ISSN: 2160-8288
CID: 4808102
Autophagy. 2021:1-382.DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Klionsky, Daniel J; Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal; Abdelfatah, Sara; Abdellatif, Mahmoud; Abdoli, Asghar; Abel, Steffen; Abeliovich, Hagai; Abildgaard, Marie H; Abudu, Yakubu Princely; Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham; Adamopoulos, Iannis E; Adeli, Khosrow; Adolph, Timon E; Adornetto, Annagrazia; Aflaki, Elma; Agam, Galila; Agarwal, Anupam; Aggarwal, Bharat B; Agnello, Maria; Agostinis, Patrizia; Agrewala, Javed N; Agrotis, Alexander; Aguilar, Patricia V; Ahmad, S Tariq; Ahmed, Zubair M; Ahumada-Castro, Ulises; Aits, Sonja; Aizawa, Shu; Akkoc, Yunus; Akoumianaki, Tonia; Akpinar, Hafize Aysin; Al-Abd, Ahmed M; Al-Akra, Lina; Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer; Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay A; Alberti, Simon; Alcocer-Gómez, Elísabet; Alessandri, Cristiano; Ali, Muhammad; Alim Al-Bari, M Abdul; Aliwaini, Saeb; Alizadeh, Javad; Almacellas, Eugènia; Almasan, Alexandru; Alonso, Alicia; Alonso, Guillermo D; Altan-Bonnet, Nihal; Altieri, Dario C; Álvarez, Élida M C; Alves, Sara; Alves da Costa, Cristine; Alzaharna, Mazen M; Amadio, Marialaura; Amantini, Consuelo; Amaral, Cristina; Ambrosio, Susanna; Amer, Amal O; Ammanathan, Veena; An, Zhenyi; Andersen, Stig U; Andrabi, Shaida A; Andrade-Silva, Magaiver; Andres, Allen M; Angelini, Sabrina; Ann, David; Anozie, Uche C; Ansari, Mohammad Y; Antas, Pedro; Antebi, Adam; Antón, Zuriñe; Anwar, Tahira; Apetoh, Lionel; Apostolova, Nadezda; Araki, Toshiyuki; Araki, Yasuhiro; Arasaki, Kohei; Araújo, Wagner L; Araya, Jun; Arden, Catherine; Arévalo, Maria-Angeles; Arguelles, Sandro; Arias, Esperanza; Arikkath, Jyothi; Arimoto, Hirokazu; Ariosa, Aileen R; Armstrong-James, Darius; Arnauné-Pelloquin, Laetitia; Aroca, Angeles; Arroyo, Daniela S; Arsov, Ivica; Artero, Rubén; Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia; Aschner, Michael; Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Ashur-Fabian, Osnat; Atanasov, Atanas G; Au, Alicia K; Auberger, Patrick; Auner, Holger W; Aurelian, Laure; Autelli, Riccardo; Avagliano, Laura; Ávalos, Yenniffer; Aveic, Sanja; Aveleira, Célia Alexandra; Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar; Aydin, Yucel; Ayton, Scott; Ayyadevara, Srinivas; Azzopardi, Maria; Baba, Misuzu; Backer, Jonathan M; Backues, Steven K; Bae, Dong-Hun; Bae, Ok-Nam; Bae, Soo Han; Baehrecke, Eric H; Baek, Ahruem; Baek, Seung-Hoon; Baek, Sung Hee; Bagetta, Giacinto; Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka; Bai, Hua; Bai, Jie; Bai, Xiyuan; Bai, Yidong; Bairagi, Nandadulal; Baksi, Shounak; Balbi, Teresa; Baldari, Cosima T; Balduini, Walter; Ballabio, Andrea; Ballester, Maria; Balazadeh, Salma; Balzan, Rena; Bandopadhyay, Rina; Banerjee, Sreeparna; Banerjee, Sulagna; Bánréti, Ágnes; Bao, Yan; Baptista, Mauricio S; Baracca, Alessandra; Barbati, Cristiana; Bargiela, Ariadna; Barilà, Daniela; Barlow, Peter G; Barmada, Sami J; Barreiro, Esther; Barreto, George E; Bartek, Jiri; Bartel, Bonnie; Bartolome, Alberto; Barve, Gaurav R; Basagoudanavar, Suresh H; Bassham, Diane C; Bast, Robert C; Basu, Alakananda; Batoko, Henri; Batten, Isabella; Baulieu, Etienne E; Baumgarner, Bradley L; Bayry, Jagadeesh; Beale, Rupert; Beau, Isabelle; Beaumatin, Florian; Bechara, Luiz R G; Beck, George R; Beers, Michael F; Begun, Jakob; Behrends, Christian; Behrens, Georg M N; Bei, Roberto; Bejarano, Eloy; Bel, Shai; Behl, Christian; Belaid, Amine; Belgareh-Touzé, Naïma; Bellarosa, Cristina; Belleudi, Francesca; Belló Pérez, Melissa; Bello-Morales, Raquel; Beltran, Jackeline Soares de Oliveira; Beltran, Sebastián; Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina; Bendorius, Mykolas; Benitez, Bruno A; Benito-Cuesta, Irene; Bensalem, Julien; Berchtold, Martin W; Berezowska, Sabina; Bergamaschi, Daniele; Bergami, Matteo; Bergmann, Andreas; Berliocchi, Laura; Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse; Bernard, Amélie; Berthoux, Lionel; Besirli, Cagri G; Besteiro, Sebastien; Betin, Virginie M; Beyaert, Rudi; Bezbradica, Jelena S; Bhaskar, Kiran; Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid; Bhattacharya, Resham; Bhattacharya, Sujoy; Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli; Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin; Bhutia, Sujit Kumar; Bi, Lanrong; Bi, Xiaolin; Biden, Trevor J; Bijian, Krikor; Billes, Viktor A; Binart, Nadine; Bincoletto, Claudia; Birgisdottir, Asa B; Bjorkoy, Geir; Blanco, Gonzalo; Blas-Garcia, Ana; Blasiak, Janusz; Blomgran, Robert; Blomgren, Klas; Blum, Janice S; Boada-Romero, Emilio; Boban, Mirta; Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen; Boeuf, Philippe; Boland, Barry; Bomont, Pascale; Bonaldo, Paolo; Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy; Bonfili, Laura; Bonifacino, Juan S; Boone, Brian A; Bootman, Martin D; Bordi, Matteo; Borner, Christoph; Bornhauser, Beat C; Borthakur, Gautam; Bosch, Jürgen; Bose, Santanu; Botana, Luis M; Botas, Juan; Boulanger, Chantal M; Boulton, Michael E; Bourdenx, Mathieu; Bourgeois, Benjamin; Bourke, Nollaig M; Bousquet, Guilhem; Boya, Patricia; Bozhkov, Peter V; Bozi, Luiz H M; Bozkurt, Tolga O; Brackney, Doug E; Brandts, Christian H; Braun, Ralf J; Braus, Gerhard H; Bravo-Sagua, Roberto; Bravo-San Pedro, José M; Brest, Patrick; Bringer, Marie-Agnès; Briones-Herrera, Alfredo; Broaddus, V Courtney; Brodersen, Peter; Brodsky, Jeffrey L; Brody, Steven L; Bronson, Paola G; Bronstein, Jeff M; Brown, Carolyn N; Brown, Rhoderick E; Brum, Patricia C; Brumell, John H; Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola; Bruno, Daniele; Bryson-Richardson, Robert J; Bucci, Cecilia; Buchrieser, Carmen; Bueno, Marta; Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa; Buraschi, Simone; Buch, Shilpa; Buchan, J Ross; Buckingham, Erin M; Budak, Hikmet; Budini, Mauricio; Bultynck, Geert; Burada, Florin; Burgoyne, Joseph R; Burón, M Isabel; Bustos, Victor; Büttner, Sabrina; Butturini, Elena; Byrd, Aaron; Cabas, Isabel; Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra; Cadwell, Ken; Cai, Jingjing; Cai, Lu; Cai, Qian; Cairó, Montserrat; Calbet, Jose A; Caldwell, Guy A; Caldwell, Kim A; Call, Jarrod A; Calvani, Riccardo; Calvo, Ana C; Calvo-Rubio Barrera, Miguel; Camara, Niels Os; Camonis, Jacques H; Camougrand, Nadine; Campanella, Michelangelo; Campbell, Edward M; Campbell-Valois, François-Xavier; Campello, Silvia; Campesi, Ilaria; Campos, Juliane C; Camuzard, Olivier; Cancino, Jorge; Candido de Almeida, Danilo; Canesi, Laura; Caniggia, Isabella; Canonico, Barbara; Cantí, Carles; Cao, Bin; Caraglia, Michele; Caramés, Beatriz; Carchman, Evie H; Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena; Cardenas, Cesar; Cardenas, Luis; Cardoso, Sandra M; Carew, Jennifer S; Carle, Georges F; Carleton, Gillian; Carloni, Silvia; Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac; Carneiro, Leticia A; Carnevali, Oliana; Carosi, Julian M; Carra, Serena; Carrier, Alice; Carrier, Lucie; Carroll, Bernadette; Carter, A Brent; Carvalho, Andreia Neves; Casanova, Magali; Casas, Caty; Casas, Josefina; Cassioli, Chiara; Castillo, Eliseo F; Castillo, Karen; Castillo-Lluva, Sonia; Castoldi, Francesca; Castori, Marco; Castro, Ariel F; Castro-Caldas, Margarida; Castro-Hernandez, Javier; Castro-Obregon, Susana; Catz, Sergio D; Cavadas, Claudia; Cavaliere, Federica; Cavallini, Gabriella; Cavinato, Maria; Cayuela, Maria L; Cebollada Rica, Paula; Cecarini, Valentina; Cecconi, Francesco; Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna; Cenci, Simone; Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victòria; Cerqueira, João J; Cerutti, Janete M; Cervia, Davide; Cetintas, Vildan Bozok; Cetrullo, Silvia; Chae, Han-Jung; Chagin, Andrei S; Chai, Chee-Yin; Chakrabarti, Gopal; Chakrabarti, Oishee; Chakraborty, Tapas; Chakraborty, Trinad; Chami, Mounia; Chamilos, Georgios; Chan, David W; Chan, Edmond Y W; Chan, Edward D; Chan, H Y Edwin; Chan, Helen H; Chan, Hung; Chan, Matthew T V; Chan, Yau Sang; Chandra, Partha K; Chang, Chih-Peng; Chang, Chunmei; Chang, Hao-Chun; Chang, Kai; Chao, Jie; Chapman, Tracey; Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas; Chatterjee, Samrat; Chaube, Shail K; Chaudhary, Anu; Chauhan, Santosh; Chaum, Edward; Checler, Frédéric; Cheetham, Michael E; Chen, Chang-Shi; Chen, Guang-Chao; Chen, Jian-Fu; Chen, Liam L; Chen, Leilei; Chen, Lin; Chen, Mingliang; Chen, Mu-Kuan; Chen, Ning; Chen, Quan; Chen, Ruey-Hwa; Chen, Shi; Chen, Wei; Chen, Weiqiang; Chen, Xin-Ming; Chen, Xiong-Wen; Chen, Xu; Chen, Yan; Chen, Ye-Guang; Chen, Yingyu; Chen, Yongqiang; Chen, Yu-Jen; Chen, Yue-Qin; Chen, Zhefan Stephen; Chen, Zhi; Chen, Zhi-Hua; Chen, Zhijian J; Chen, Zhixiang; Cheng, Hanhua; Cheng, Jun; Cheng, Shi-Yuan; Cheng, Wei; Cheng, Xiaodong; Cheng, Xiu-Tang; Cheng, Yiyun; Cheng, Zhiyong; Chen, Zhong; Cheong, Heesun; Cheong, Jit Kong; Chernyak, Boris V; Cherry, Sara; Cheung, Chi Fai Randy; Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio; Cheung, King-Ho; Chevet, Eric; Chi, Richard J; Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing; Chiaradonna, Ferdinando; Chiarelli, Roberto; Chiariello, Mario; Chica, Nathalia; Chiocca, Susanna; Chiong, Mario; Chiou, Shih-Hwa; Chiramel, Abhilash I; Chiurchiù, Valerio; Cho, Dong-Hyung; Choe, Seong-Kyu; Choi, Augustine M K; Choi, Mary E; Choudhury, Kamalika Roy; Chow, Norman S; Chu, Charleen T; Chua, Jason P; Chua, John Jia En; Chung, Hyewon; Chung, Kin Pan; Chung, Seockhoon; Chung, So-Hyang; Chung, Yuen-Li; Cianfanelli, Valentina; Ciechomska, Iwona A; Cifuentes, Mariana; Cinque, Laura; Cirak, Sebahattin; Cirone, Mara; Clague, Michael J; Clarke, Robert; Clementi, Emilio; Coccia, Eliana M; Codogno, Patrice; Cohen, Ehud; Cohen, Mickael M; Colasanti, Tania; Colasuonno, Fiorella; Colbert, Robert A; Colell, Anna; ÄŒolić, Miodrag; Coll, Nuria S; Collins, Mark O; Colombo, María I; Colón-Ramos, Daniel A; Combaret, Lydie; Comincini, Sergio; Cominetti, Márcia R; Consiglio, Antonella; Conte, Andrea; Conti, Fabrizio; Contu, Viorica Raluca; Cookson, Mark R; Coombs, Kevin M; Coppens, Isabelle; Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana; Corkery, Dale P; Cordes, Nils; Cortese, Katia; Costa, Maria do Carmo; Costantino, Sarah; Costelli, Paola; Coto-Montes, Ana; Crack, Peter J; Crespo, Jose L; Criollo, Alfredo; Crippa, Valeria; Cristofani, Riccardo; Csizmadia, Tamas; Cuadrado, Antonio; Cui, Bing; Cui, Jun; Cui, Yixian; Cui, Yong; Culetto, Emmanuel; Cumino, Andrea C; Cybulsky, Andrey V; Czaja, Mark J; Czuczwar, Stanislaw J; D'Adamo, Stefania; D'Amelio, Marcello; D'Arcangelo, Daniela; D'Lugos, Andrew C; D'Orazi, Gabriella; da Silva, James A; Dafsari, Hormos Salimi; Dagda, Ruben K; Dagdas, Yasin; Daglia, Maria; Dai, Xiaoxia; Dai, Yun; Dai, Yuyuan; Dal Col, Jessica; Dalhaimer, Paul; Dalla Valle, Luisa; Dallenga, Tobias; Dalmasso, Guillaume; Damme, Markus; Dando, Ilaria; Dantuma, Nico P; Darling, April L; Das, Hiranmoy; Dasarathy, Srinivasan; Dasari, Santosh K; Dash, Srikanta; Daumke, Oliver; Dauphinee, Adrian N; Davies, Jeffrey S; Dávila, Valeria A; Davis, Roger J; Davis, Tanja; Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha; De Amicis, Francesca; De Bosscher, Karolien; De Felice, Francesca; De Franceschi, Lucia; De Leonibus, Chiara; de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara G; De Meyer, Guido R Y; De Milito, Angelo; De Nunzio, Cosimo; De Palma, Clara; De Santi, Mauro; De Virgilio, Claudio; De Zio, Daniela; Debnath, Jayanta; DeBosch, Brian J; Decuypere, Jean-Paul; Deehan, Mark A; Deflorian, Gianluca; DeGregori, James; Dehay, Benjamin; Del Rio, Gabriel; Delaney, Joe R; Delbridge, Lea M D; Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth; Delpino, M Victoria; Demarchi, Francesca; Dembitz, Vilma; Demers, Nicholas D; Deng, Hongbin; Deng, Zhiqiang; Dengjel, Joern; Dent, Paul; Denton, Donna; DePamphilis, Melvin L; Der, Channing J; Deretic, Vojo; Descoteaux, Albert; Devis, Laura; Devkota, Sushil; Devuyst, Olivier; Dewson, Grant; Dharmasivam, Mahendiran; Dhiman, Rohan; di Bernardo, Diego; Di Cristina, Manlio; Di Domenico, Fabio; Di Fazio, Pietro; Di Fonzo, Alessio; Di Guardo, Giovanni; Di Guglielmo, Gianni M; Di Leo, Luca; Di Malta, Chiara; Di Nardo, Alessia; Di Rienzo, Martina; Di Sano, Federica; Diallinas, George; Diao, Jiajie; Diaz-Araya, Guillermo; Díaz-Laviada, Inés; Dickinson, Jared M; Diederich, Marc; Dieudé, Mélanie; Dikic, Ivan; Ding, Shiping; Ding, Wen-Xing; Dini, Luciana; Dinić, Jelena; Dinic, Miroslav; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T; Dionne, Marc S; Distler, Jörg H W; Diwan, Abhinav; Dixon, Ian M C; Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan; Dobrinski, Ina; Dobrovinskaya, Oxana; Dobrowolski, Radek; Dobson, Renwick C J; Đokić, Jelena; Dokmeci Emre, Serap; Donadelli, Massimo; Dong, Bo; Dong, Xiaonan; Dong, Zhiwu; Dorn Ii, Gerald W; Dotsch, Volker; Dou, Huan; Dou, Juan; Dowaidar, Moataz; Dridi, Sami; Drucker, Liat; Du, Ailian; Du, Caigan; Du, Guangwei; Du, Hai-Ning; Du, Li-Lin; du Toit, André; Duan, Shao-Bin; Duan, Xiaoqiong; Duarte, Sónia P; Dubrovska, Anna; Dunlop, Elaine A; Dupont, Nicolas; Durán, Raúl V; Dwarakanath, Bilikere S; Dyshlovoy, Sergey A; Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius; Eckhart, Leopold; Edelstein, Charles L; Efferth, Thomas; Eftekharpour, Eftekhar; Eichinger, Ludwig; Eid, Nabil; Eisenberg, Tobias; Eissa, N Tony; Eissa, Sanaa; Ejarque, Miriam; El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar; El-Hage, Nazira; El-Naggar, Shahenda; Eleuteri, Anna Maria; El-Shafey, Eman S; Elgendy, Mohamed; Eliopoulos, Aristides G; Elizalde, María M; Elks, Philip M; Elsasser, Hans-Peter; Elsherbiny, Eslam S; Emerling, Brooke M; Emre, N C Tolga; Eng, Christina H; Engedal, Nikolai; Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart; Engelsen, Agnete S T; Enserink, Jorrit M; Escalante, Ricardo; Esclatine, Audrey; Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda; Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa; Espert, Lucile; Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola; Fabrias, Gemma; Fabrizi, Cinzia; Facchiano, Antonio; Facchiano, Francesco; Fadeel, Bengt; Fader, Claudio; Faesen, Alex C; Fairlie, W Douglas; Falcó, Alberto; Falkenburger, Bjorn H; Fan, Daping; Fan, Jie; Fan, Yanbo; Fang, Evandro F; Fang, Yanshan; Fang, Yognqi; Fanto, Manolis; Farfel-Becker, Tamar; Faure, Mathias; Fazeli, Gholamreza; Fedele, Anthony O; Feldman, Arthur M; Feng, Du; Feng, Jiachun; Feng, Lifeng; Feng, Yibin; Feng, Yuchen; Feng, Wei; Fenz Araujo, Thais; Ferguson, Thomas A; Fernández, Álvaro F; Fernandez-Checa, Jose C; Fernández-Veledo, Sonia; Fernie, Alisdair R; Ferrante, Anthony W; Ferraresi, Alessandra; Ferrari, Merari F; Ferreira, Julio C B; Ferro-Novick, Susan; Figueras, Antonio; Filadi, Riccardo; Filigheddu, Nicoletta; Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo; Filomeni, Giuseppe; Fimia, Gian Maria; Fineschi, Vittorio; Finetti, Francesca; Finkbeiner, Steven; Fisher, Edward A; Fisher, Paul B; Flamigni, Flavio; Fliesler, Steven J; Flo, Trude H; Florance, Ida; Florey, Oliver; Florio, Tullio; Fodor, Erika; Follo, Carlo; Fon, Edward A; Forlino, Antonella; Fornai, Francesco; Fortini, Paola; Fracassi, Anna; Fraldi, Alessandro; Franco, Brunella; Franco, Rodrigo; Franconi, Flavia; Frankel, Lisa B; Friedman, Scott L; Fröhlich, Leopold F; Frühbeck, Gema; Fuentes, Jose M; Fujiki, Yukio; Fujita, Naonobu; Fujiwara, Yuuki; Fukuda, Mitsunori; Fulda, Simone; Furic, Luc; Furuya, Norihiko; Fusco, Carmela; Gack, Michaela U; Gaffke, Lidia; Galadari, Sehamuddin; Galasso, Alessia; Galindo, Maria F; Gallolu Kankanamalage, Sachith; Galluzzi, Lorenzo; Galy, Vincent; Gammoh, Noor; Gan, Boyi; Ganley, Ian G; Gao, Feng; Gao, Hui; Gao, Minghui; Gao, Ping; Gao, Shou-Jiang; Gao, Wentao; Gao, Xiaobo; Garcera, Ana; Garcia, Maria Noé; Garcia, Verónica E; García-Del Portillo, Francisco; Garcia-Escudero, Vega; Garcia-Garcia, Aracely; Garcia-Macia, Marina; García-Moreno, Diana; Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen; García-Sanz, Patricia; Garg, Abhishek D; Gargini, Ricardo; Garofalo, Tina; Garry, Robert F; Gassen, Nils C; Gatica, Damian; Ge, Liang; Ge, Wanzhong; Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth; Gelfi, Cecilia; Genschik, Pascal; Gentle, Ian E; Gerbino, Valeria; Gerhardt, Christoph; Germain, Kyla; Germain, Marc; Gewirtz, David A; Ghasemipour Afshar, Elham; Ghavami, Saeid; Ghigo, Alessandra; Ghosh, Manosij; Giamas, Georgios; Giampietri, Claudia; Giatromanolaki, Alexandra; Gibson, Gary E; Gibson, Spencer B; Ginet, Vanessa; Giniger, Edward; Giorgi, Carlotta; Girao, Henrique; Girardin, Stephen E; Giridharan, Mridhula; Giuliano, Sandy; Giulivi, Cecilia; Giuriato, Sylvie; Giustiniani, Julien; Gluschko, Alexander; Goder, Veit; Goginashvili, Alexander; Golab, Jakub; Goldstone, David C; Golebiewska, Anna; Gomes, Luciana R; Gomez, Rodrigo; Gómez-Sánchez, Rubén; Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina; Gomez-Sintes, Raquel; Gong, Qingqiu; Goni, Felix M; González-Gallego, Javier; Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas; Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa A; Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose A; González-Rodríguez, Patricia; Goping, Ing Swie; Gorbatyuk, Marina S; Gorbunov, Nikolai V; Görgülü, Kıvanç; Gorojod, Roxana M; Gorski, Sharon M; Goruppi, Sandro; Gotor, Cecilia; Gottlieb, Roberta A; Gozes, Illana; Gozuacik, Devrim; Graef, Martin; Gräler, Markus H; Granatiero, Veronica; Grasso, Daniel; Gray, Joshua P; Green, Douglas R; Greenhough, Alexander; Gregory, Stephen L; Griffin, Edward F; Grinstaff, Mark W; Gros, Frederic; Grose, Charles; Gross, Angelina S; Gruber, Florian; Grumati, Paolo; Grune, Tilman; Gu, Xueyan; Guan, Jun-Lin; Guardia, Carlos M; Guda, Kishore; Guerra, Flora; Guerri, Consuelo; Guha, Prasun; Guillén, Carlos; Gujar, Shashi; Gukovskaya, Anna; Gukovsky, Ilya; Gunst, Jan; Günther, Andreas; Guntur, Anyonya R; Guo, Chuanyong; Guo, Chun; Guo, Hongqing; Guo, Lian-Wang; Guo, Ming; Gupta, Pawan; Gupta, Shashi Kumar; Gupta, Swapnil; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek; Gustafsson, Asa B; Gutterman, David D; H B, Ranjitha; Haapasalo, Annakaisa; Haber, James E; Hać, Aleksandra; Hadano, Shinji; Hafrén, Anders J; Haidar, Mansour; Hall, Belinda S; Halldén, Gunnel; Hamacher-Brady, Anne; Hamann, Andrea; Hamasaki, Maho; Han, Weidong; Hansen, Malene; Hanson, Phyllis I; Hao, Zijian; Harada, Masaru; Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica; Hariharan, Nirmala; Haroon, Nigil; Harris, James; Hasegawa, Takafumi; Hasima Nagoor, Noor; Haspel, Jeffrey A; Haucke, Volker; Hawkins, Wayne D; Hay, Bruce A; Haynes, Cole M; Hayrabedyan, Soren B; Hays, Thomas S; He, Congcong; He, Qin; He, Rong-Rong; He, You-Wen; He, Yu-Ying; Heakal, Yasser; Heberle, Alexander M; Hejtmancik, J Fielding; Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir; Henkel, Vanessa; Herb, Marc; Hergovich, Alexander; Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna; Hernández, Agustín; Hernandez, Carlos; Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio; Hernandez-Gea, Virginia; Herpin, Amaury; Herreros, Judit; Hervás, Javier H; Hesselson, Daniel; Hetz, Claudio; Heussler, Volker T; Higuchi, Yujiro; Hilfiker, Sabine; Hill, Joseph A; Hlavacek, William S; Ho, Emmanuel A; Ho, Idy H T; Ho, Philip Wing-Lok; Ho, Shu-Leong; Ho, Wan Yun; Hobbs, G Aaron; Hochstrasser, Mark; Hoet, Peter H M; Hofius, Daniel; Hofman, Paul; Höhn, Annika; Holmberg, Carina I; Hombrebueno, Jose R; Yi-Ren Hong, Chang-Won Hong; Hooper, Lora V; Hoppe, Thorsten; Horos, Rastislav; Hoshida, Yujin; Hsin, I-Lun; Hsu, Hsin-Yun; Hu, Bing; Hu, Dong; Hu, Li-Fang; Hu, Ming Chang; Hu, Ronggui; Hu, Wei; Hu, Yu-Chen; Hu, Zhuo-Wei; Hua, Fang; Hua, Jinlian; Hua, Yingqi; Huan, Chongmin; Huang, Canhua; Huang, Chuanshu; Huang, Chuanxin; Huang, Chunling; Huang, Haishan; Huang, Kun; Huang, Michael L H; Huang, Rui; Huang, Shan; Huang, Tianzhi; Huang, Xing; Huang, Yuxiang Jack; Huber, Tobias B; Hubert, Virginie; Hubner, Christian A; Hughes, Stephanie M; Hughes, William E; Humbert, Magali; Hummer, Gerhard; Hurley, James H; Hussain, Sabah; Hussain, Salik; Hussey, Patrick J; Hutabarat, Martina; Hwang, Hui-Yun; Hwang, Seungmin; Ieni, Antonio; Ikeda, Fumiyo; Imagawa, Yusuke; Imai, Yuzuru; Imbriano, Carol; Imoto, Masaya; Inman, Denise M; Inoki, Ken; Iovanna, Juan; Iozzo, Renato V; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Irazoqui, Javier E; Iribarren, Pablo; Ishaq, Mohd; Ishikawa, Makoto; Ishimwe, Nestor; Isidoro, Ciro; Ismail, Nahed; Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh; Itakura, Eisuke; Ito, Daisuke; Ivankovic, Davor; Ivanova, SaÅ¡ka; Iyer, Anand Krishnan V; Izquierdo, José M; Izumi, Masanori; Jäättelä, Marja; Jabir, Majid Sakhi; Jackson, William T; Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia; Jacomin, Anne-Claire; Jacquin, Elise; Jadiya, Pooja; Jaeschke, Hartmut; Jagannath, Chinnaswamy; Jakobi, Arjen J; Jakobsson, Johan; Janji, Bassam; Jansen-Dürr, Pidder; Jansson, Patric J; Jantsch, Jonathan; Januszewski, SÅ‚awomir; Jassey, Alagie; Jean, Steve; Jeltsch-David, Hélène; Jendelova, Pavla; Jenny, Andreas; Jensen, Thomas E; Jessen, Niels; Jewell, Jenna L; Ji, Jing; Jia, Lijun; Jia, Rui; Jiang, Liwen; Jiang, Qing; Jiang, Richeng; Jiang, Teng; Jiang, Xuejun; Jiang, Yu; Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria; Jin, Eun-Jung; Jin, Fengyan; Jin, Hongchuan; Jin, Li; Jin, Luqi; Jin, Meiyan; Jin, Si; Jo, Eun-Kyeong; Joffre, Carine; Johansen, Terje; Johnson, Gail V W; Johnston, Simon A; Jokitalo, Eija; Jolly, Mohit Kumar; Joosten, Leo A B; Jordan, Joaquin; Joseph, Bertrand; Ju, Dianwen; Ju, Jeong-Sun; Ju, Jingfang; Juárez, Esmeralda; Judith, Delphine; Juhász, Gábor; Jun, Youngsoo; Jung, Chang Hwa; Jung, Sung-Chul; Jung, Yong Keun; Jungbluth, Heinz; Jungverdorben, Johannes; Just, Steffen; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kaasik, Allen; Kabuta, Tomohiro; Kaganovich, Daniel; Kahana, Alon; Kain, Renate; Kajimura, Shinjo; Kalamvoki, Maria; Kalia, Manjula; Kalinowski, Danuta S; Kaludercic, Nina; Kalvari, Ioanna; Kaminska, Joanna; Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O; Kanamori, Hiromitsu; Kanasaki, Keizo; Kang, Chanhee; Kang, Rui; Kang, Sang Sun; Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan; Kanki, Tomotake; Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi; Kanthasamy, Anumantha G; Kanthasamy, Arthi; Kantorow, Marc; Kapuy, Orsolya; Karamouzis, Michalis V; Karim, Md Razaul; Karmakar, Parimal; Katare, Rajesh G; Kato, Masaru; Kaufmann, Stefan H E; Kauppinen, Anu; Kaushal, Gur P; Kaushik, Susmita; Kawasaki, Kiyoshi; Kazan, Kemal; Ke, Po-Yuan; Keating, Damien J; Keber, Ursula; Kehrl, John H; Keller, Kate E; Keller, Christian W; Kemper, Jongsook Kim; Kenific, Candia M; Kepp, Oliver; Kermorgant, Stephanie; Kern, Andreas; Ketteler, Robin; Keulers, Tom G; Khalfin, Boris; Khalil, Hany; Khambu, Bilon; Khan, Shahid Y; 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Nabissi, Massimo; Nagy, Péter; Nah, Jihoon; Nahimana, Aimable; Nakagawa, Ichiro; Nakamura, Ken; Nakatogawa, Hitoshi; Nandi, Shyam S; Nanjundan, Meera; Nanni, Monica; Napolitano, Gennaro; Nardacci, Roberta; Narita, Masashi; Nassif, Melissa; Nathan, Ilana; Natsumeda, Manabu; Naude, Ryno J; Naumann, Christin; Naveiras, Olaia; Navid, Fatemeh; Nawrocki, Steffan T; Nazarko, Taras Y; Nazio, Francesca; Negoita, Florentina; Neill, Thomas; Neisch, Amanda L; Neri, Luca M; Netea, Mihai G; Neubert, Patrick; Neufeld, Thomas P; Neumann, Dietbert; Neutzner, Albert; Newton, Phillip T; Ney, Paul A; Nezis, Ioannis P; Ng, Charlene C W; Ng, Tzi Bun; Nguyen, Hang T T; Nguyen, Long T; Ni, Hong-Min; Ní Cheallaigh, Clíona; Ni, Zhenhong; Nicolao, M Celeste; Nicoli, Francesco; Nieto-Diaz, Manuel; Nilsson, Per; Ning, Shunbin; Niranjan, Rituraj; Nishimune, Hiroshi; Niso-Santano, Mireia; Nixon, Ralph A; Nobili, Annalisa; Nobrega, Clevio; Noda, Takeshi; Nogueira-Recalde, Uxía; Nolan, Trevor M; Nombela, Ivan; Novak, Ivana; Novoa, Beatriz; Nozawa, Takashi; Nukina, Nobuyuki; Nussbaum-Krammer, Carmen; Nylandsted, Jesper; O'Donovan, Tracey R; O'Leary, Seónadh M; O'Rourke, Eyleen J; O'Sullivan, Mary P; O'Sullivan, Timothy E; Oddo, Salvatore; Oehme, Ina; Ogawa, Michinaga; Ogier-Denis, Eric; Ogmundsdottir, Margret H; Ogretmen, Besim; Oh, Goo Taeg; Oh, Seon-Hee; Oh, Young J; Ohama, Takashi; Ohashi, Yohei; Ohmuraya, Masaki; Oikonomou, Vasileios; Ojha, Rani; Okamoto, Koji; Okazawa, Hitoshi; Oku, Masahide; Oliván, Sara; Oliveira, Jorge M A; Ollmann, Michael; Olzmann, James A; Omari, Shakib; Omary, M Bishr; Önal, Gizem; Ondrej, Martin; Ong, Sang-Bing; Ong, Sang-Ging; Onnis, Anna; Orellana, Juan A; Orellana-Muñoz, Sara; Ortega-Villaizan, Maria Del Mar; Ortiz-Gonzalez, Xilma R; Ortona, Elena; Osiewacz, Heinz D; Osman, Abdel-Hamid K; Osta, Rosario; Otegui, Marisa S; Otsu, Kinya; Ott, Christiane; Ottobrini, Luisa; Ou, Jing-Hsiung James; Outeiro, Tiago F; Oynebraten, Inger; Ozturk, Melek; Pagès, Gilles; Pahari, Susanta; 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Reipert, Siegfried; Rekha, Rokeya Sultana; Ren, Hongmei; Ren, Jun; Ren, Weichao; Renault, Tristan; Renga, Giorgia; Reue, Karen; Rewitz, Kim; Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos, Bruna; Riazuddin, S Amer; Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Teresa M; Ricci, Jean-Ehrland; Ricci, Romeo; Riccio, Victoria; Richardson, Des R; Rikihisa, Yasuko; Risbud, Makarand V; Risueño, Ruth M; Ritis, Konstantinos; Rizza, Salvatore; Rizzuto, Rosario; Roberts, Helen C; Roberts, Luke D; Robinson, Katherine J; Roccheri, Maria Carmela; Rocchi, Stephane; Rodney, George G; Rodrigues, Tiago; Rodrigues Silva, Vagner Ramon; Rodriguez, Amaia; Rodriguez-Barrueco, Ruth; Rodriguez-Henche, Nieves; Rodriguez-Rocha, Humberto; Roelofs, Jeroen; Rogers, Robert S; Rogov, Vladimir V; Rojo, Ana I; Rolka, Krzysztof; Romanello, Vanina; Romani, Luigina; Romano, Alessandra; Romano, Patricia S; Romeo-Guitart, David; Romero, Luis C; Romero, Montserrat; Roney, Joseph C; Rongo, Christopher; Roperto, Sante; Rosenfeldt, Mathias T; Rosenstiel, Philip; Rosenwald, Anne G; Roth, Kevin A; Roth, Lynn; Roth, Steven; Rouschop, Kasper M A; Roussel, Benoit D; Roux, Sophie; Rovere-Querini, Patrizia; Roy, Ajit; Rozieres, Aurore; Ruano, Diego; Rubinsztein, David C; Rubtsova, Maria P; Ruckdeschel, Klaus; Ruckenstuhl, Christoph; Rudolf, Emil; Rudolf, Rüdiger; Ruggieri, Alessandra; Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok; Rusmini, Paola; Russell, Ryan R; Russo, Gian Luigi; Russo, Maria; Russo, Rossella; Ryabaya, Oxana O; Ryan, Kevin M; Ryu, Kwon-Yul; Sabater-Arcis, Maria; Sachdev, Ulka; Sacher, Michael; Sachse, Carsten; Sadhu, Abhishek; Sadoshima, Junichi; Safren, Nathaniel; Saftig, Paul; Sagona, Antonia P; Sahay, Gaurav; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahin, Mustafa; Sahin, Ozgur; Sahni, Sumit; Saito, Nayuta; Saito, Shigeru; Saito, Tsunenori; Sakai, Ryohei; Sakai, Yasuyoshi; Sakamaki, Jun-Ichi; Saksela, Kalle; Salazar, Gloria; Salazar-Degracia, Anna; Salekdeh, Ghasem H; Saluja, Ashok K; Sampaio-Marques, Belém; Sanchez, Maria Cecilia; Sanchez-Alcazar, Jose A; Sanchez-Vera, Victoria; Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa; 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Yang, Wei Yuan; Yang, Xiaoyong; Yang, Xuesong; Yang, Yi; Yang, Ying; Yao, Honghong; Yao, Shenggen; Yao, Xiaoqiang; Yao, Yong-Gang; Yao, Yong-Ming; Yasui, Takahiro; Yazdankhah, Meysam; Yen, Paul M; Yi, Cong; Yin, Xiao-Ming; Yin, Yanhai; Yin, Zhangyuan; Yin, Ziyi; Ying, Meidan; Ying, Zheng; Yip, Calvin K; Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung; Yoo, Young H; Yoshida, Kiyotsugu; Yoshii, Saori R; Yoshimori, Tamotsu; Yousefi, Bahman; Yu, Boxuan; Yu, Haiyang; Yu, Jun; Yu, Jun; Yu, Li; Yu, Ming-Lung; Yu, Seong-Woon; Yu, Victor C; Yu, W Haung; Yu, Zhengping; Yu, Zhou; Yuan, Junying; Yuan, Ling-Qing; Yuan, Shilin; Yuan, Shyng-Shiou F; Yuan, Yanggang; Yuan, Zengqiang; Yue, Jianbo; Yue, Zhenyu; Yun, Jeanho; Yung, Raymond L; Zacks, David N; Zaffagnini, Gabriele; Zambelli, Vanessa O; Zanella, Isabella; Zang, Qun S; Zanivan, Sara; Zappavigna, Silvia; Zaragoza, Pilar; Zarbalis, Konstantinos S; Zarebkohan, Amir; Zarrouk, Amira; Zeitlin, Scott O; Zeng, Jialiu; Zeng, Ju-Deng; Žerovnik, Eva; Zhan, Lixuan; Zhang, Bin; Zhang, Donna D; Zhang, Hanlin; Zhang, Hong; Zhang, Hong; Zhang, Honghe; Zhang, Huafeng; Zhang, Huaye; Zhang, Hui; Zhang, Hui-Ling; Zhang, Jianbin; Zhang, Jianhua; Zhang, Jing-Pu; Zhang, Kalin Y B; Zhang, Leshuai W; Zhang, Lin; Zhang, Lisheng; Zhang, Lu; Zhang, Luoying; Zhang, Menghuan; Zhang, Peng; Zhang, Sheng; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Xiangnan; Zhang, Xiao-Wei; Zhang, Xiaolei; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Xinxin; Zhang, Xu Dong; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Yanjin; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Ying-Dong; Zhang, Yingmei; Zhang, Yuan-Yuan; Zhang, Yuchen; Zhang, Zhe; Zhang, Zhengguang; Zhang, Zhibing; Zhang, Zhihai; Zhang, Zhiyong; Zhang, Zili; Zhao, Haobin; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Shuang; Zhao, Tongbiao; Zhao, Xiao-Fan; Zhao, Ying; Zhao, Yongchao; Zhao, Yongliang; Zhao, Yuting; Zheng, Guoping; Zheng, Kai; Zheng, Ling; Zheng, Shizhong; Zheng, Xi-Long; Zheng, Yi; Zheng, Zu-Guo; Zhivotovsky, Boris; Zhong, Qing; Zhou, Ao; Zhou, Ben; Zhou, Cefan; Zhou, Gang; Zhou, Hao; Zhou, Hong; Zhou, Hongbo; Zhou, Jie; Zhou, Jing; Zhou, Jing; Zhou, Jiyong; Zhou, Kailiang; Zhou, Rongjia; Zhou, Xu-Jie; Zhou, Yanshuang; Zhou, Yinghong; Zhou, Yubin; Zhou, Zheng-Yu; Zhou, Zhou; Zhu, Binglin; Zhu, Changlian; Zhu, Guo-Qing; Zhu, Haining; Zhu, Hongxin; Zhu, Hua; Zhu, Wei-Guo; Zhu, Yanping; Zhu, Yushan; Zhuang, Haixia; Zhuang, Xiaohong; Zientara-Rytter, Katarzyna; Zimmermann, Christine M; Ziviani, Elena; Zoladek, Teresa; Zong, Wei-Xing; Zorov, Dmitry B; Zorzano, Antonio; Zou, Weiping; Zou, Zhen; Zou, Zhengzhi; Zuryn, Steven; Zwerschke, Werner; Brand-Saberi, Beate; Dong, X Charlie; Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar; Li, Zuguo; Lin, Yong; Oshima, Shigeru; Rong, Yueguang; Sluimer, Judith C; Stallings, Christina L; Tong, Chun-Kit
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
PMID: 33634751
ISSN: 1554-8635
CID: 4800842
Diagnostics. 2021:11(2).DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020257

Recurrence and Coniglobus Volumetric Resolution of Subacute and Chronic Subdural Hematoma Post-Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization

Tiwari, Ambooj; Dmytriw, Adam A; Bo, Ryan; Farkas, Nathan; Ye, Phillip; Gordon, David S; Arcot, Karthikeyan M; Turkel-Parrella, David; Farkas, Jeffrey
OBJECTIVE:To study the efficacy of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) and characterize its post-embolization volumetric resolution. METHODS:Ten patients diagnosed with 13 cSDH underwent MMA embolization. SDH volumes were measured from time of initial discovery on imaging to pre-operative, post-operative, short-term and long-term follow-up. Time between procedure to obliteration was also measured. Volumetric analysis was done using the coniglobus formula, and recurrence rate as well as resolution timeline was defined using best-fit models. RESULTS:Out of 10 patients, five were recurrent lesions, three were bilateral and seven unilateral cSDH. Average and median pre-operative volumes were 105.3 cc and 97.4 cc, respectively. Embolization on average was performed 21 days after discovery. Sixty percent of patients had concurrent antiplatelets or anticoagulation use. Forty percent underwent embolization treatment as the primary therapy. Recurrence was not seen in any patients treated with embolization. There were no peri- or post-operative complications. Five patients experienced complete or near-complete obliteration, while those with partial resolution showed a composite average of 75% volumetric reduction in 45 days. Post-embolization, the volumetric resolution followed an exponential decay curve over time and was independent of initial volume. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:MMA embolization contributed to a marked reduction in SDH volume post-operatively and can be used as a curative therapy for primary or recurrent chronic SDH.
PMID: 33562252
ISSN: 2075-4418
CID: 4779642
Neuron. 2021:109(3):448-460.e4.DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.005

Pathogenic Huntingtin Repeat Expansions in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Dewan, Ramita; Chia, Ruth; Ding, Jinhui; Hickman, Richard A; Stein, Thor D; Abramzon, Yevgeniya; Ahmed, Sarah; Sabir, Marya S; Portley, Makayla K; Tucci, Arianna; Ibáñez, Kristina; Shankaracharya, F N U; Keagle, Pamela; Rossi, Giacomina; Caroppo, Paola; Tagliavini, Fabrizio; Waldo, Maria L; Johansson, Per M; Nilsson, Christer F; Rowe, James B; Benussi, Luisa; Binetti, Giuliano; Ghidoni, Roberta; Jabbari, Edwin; Viollet, Coralie; Glass, Jonathan D; Singleton, Andrew B; Silani, Vincenzo; Ross, Owen A; Ryten, Mina; Torkamani, Ali; Tanaka, Toshiko; Ferrucci, Luigi; Resnick, Susan M; Pickering-Brown, Stuart; Brady, Christopher B; Kowal, Neil; Hardy, John A; Van Deerlin, Vivianna; Vonsattel, Jean Paul; Harms, Matthew B; Morris, Huw R; Ferrari, Raffaele; Landers, John E; Chiò, Adriano; Gibbs, J Raphael; Dalgard, Clifton L; Scholz, Sonja W; Traynor, Bryan J; Adeleye, Adelani; Alba, Camille; Bacikova, Dagmar; Hupalo, Daniel N; Martinez, Elisa McGrath; Pollard, Harvey B; Sukumar, Gauthaman; Soltis, Anthony R; Tuck, Meila; Zhang, Xijun; Wilkerson, Matthew D; Smith, Bradley N; Ticozzi, Nicola; Fallini, Claudia; Gkazi, Athina Soragia; Topp, Simon D; Kost, Jason; Scotter, Emma L; Kenna, Kevin P; Miller, Jack W; Tiloca, Cinzia; Vance, Caroline; Danielson, Eric W; Troakes, Claire; Colombrita, Claudia; Al-Sarraj, Safa; Lewis, Elizabeth A; King, Andrew; Calini, Daniela; Pensato, Viviana; Castellotti, Barbara; de Belleroche, Jacqueline; Baas, Frank; Ten Asbroek, Anneloor L M A; Sapp, Peter C; McKenna-Yasek, Diane; McLaughlin, Russell L; Polak, Meraida; Asress, Seneshaw; Esteban-Pérez, Jesús; Muñoz-Blanco, José Luis; Stevic, Zorica; D'Alfonso, Sandra; Mazzini, Letizia; Comi, Giacomo P; Del Bo, Roberto; Ceroni, Mauro; Gagliardi, Stella; Querin, Giorgia; Bertolin, Cinzia; van Rheenen, Wouter; Diekstra, Frank P; Rademakers, Rosa; van Blitterswijk, Marka; Boylan, Kevin B; Lauria, Giuseppe; Duga, Stefano; Corti, Stefania; Cereda, Cristina; Corrado, Lucia; Sorarù, Gianni; Williams, Kelly L; Nicholson, Garth A; Blair, Ian P; Leblond-Manry, Claire; Rouleau, Guy A; Hardiman, Orla; Morrison, Karen E; Veldink, Jan H; van den Berg, Leonard H; Al-Chalabi, Ammar; Pall, Hardev; Shaw, Pamela J; Turner, Martin R; Talbot, Kevin; Taroni, Franco; García-Redondo, Alberto; Wu, Zheyang; Gellera, Cinzia; Ratti, Antonia; Brown, Robert H Jr; Shaw, Christopher E; Ambrose, John C; Arumugam, Prabhu; Baple, Emma L; Bleda, Marta; Boardman-Pretty, Freya; Boissiere, Jeanne M; Boustred, Christopher R; Brittain, H; Caulfield, Mark J; Chan, Georgia C; Craig, Clare E H; Daugherty, Louise C; de Burca, Anna; Devereau, Andrew; Elgar, Greg; Foulger, Rebecca E; Fowler, Tom; Furió-Tarí, Pedro; Hackett, Joanne M; Halai, Dina; Hamblin, Angela; Henderson, Shirley; Holman, James E; Hubbard, Tim J P; Jackson, Rob; Jones, Louise J; Kasperaviciute, Dalia; Kayikci, Melis; Lahnstein, Lea; Lawson, Kay; Leigh, Sarah E A; Leong, Ivonne U S; Lopez, Javier F; Maleady-Crowe, Fiona; Mason, Joanne; McDonagh, Ellen M; Moutsianas, Loukas; Mueller, Michael; Murugaesu, Nirupa; Need, Anna C; Odhams, Chris A; Patch, Christine; Perez-Gil, Daniel; Polychronopoulos, Dimitris; Pullinger, John; Rahim, Tahrima; Rendon, Augusto; Riesgo-Ferreiro, Pablo; Rogers, Tim; Savage, Kevin; Sawant, Kushmita; Scott, Richard H; Siddiq, Afshan; Sieghart, Alexander; Smedley, Damian; Smith, Katherine R; Sosinsky, Alona; Spooner, William; Stevens, Helen E; Stuckey, Alexander; Sultana, Razvan; Thomas, Ellen R A; Thompson, Simon R; Tregidgo, Carolyn; Walsh, Emma; Watters, Sarah A; Welland, Matthew J; Williams, Eleanor; Witkowska, Katarzyna; Wood, Suzanne M; Zarowiecki, Magdalena; Arepalli, Sampath; Auluck, Pavan; Baloh, Robert H; Bowser, Robert; Brice, Alexis; Broach, James; Camu, William; Chiò, Adriano; Cooper-Knock, John; Corcia, Philippe; Drepper, Carsten; Drory, Vivian E; Dunckley, Travis L; Faghri, Faraz; Farren, Jennifer; Feldman, Eva; Floeter, Mary Kay; Fratta, Pietro; Gerhard, Glenn; Gibson, Summer B; Goutman, Stephen A; Heiman-Patterson, Terry D; Hernandez, Dena G; Hoover, Ben; Jansson, Lilja; Kamel, Freya; Kirby, Janine; Kowall, Neil W; Laaksovirta, Hannu; Landi, Francesco; Le Ber, Isabelle; Lumbroso, Serge; MacGowan, Daniel Jl; Maragakis, Nicholas J; Mora, Gabriele; Mouzat, Kevin; Myllykangas, Liisa; Nalls, Mike A; Orrell, Richard W; Ostrow, Lyle W; Pamphlett, Roger; Pioro, Erik; Pulst, Stefan M; Ravits, John M; Renton, Alan E; Robberecht, Wim; Robey, Ian; Rogaeva, Ekaterina; Rothstein, Jeffrey D; Sendtner, Michael; Shaw, Pamela J; Sidle, Katie C; Simmons, Zachary; Stone, David J; Tienari, Pentti J; Trojanowski, John Q; Troncoso, Juan C; Valori, Miko; Van Damme, Philip; Van Den Bosch, Ludo; Zinman, Lorne; Albani, Diego; Borroni, Barbara; Padovani, Alessandro; Bruni, Amalia; Clarimon, Jordi; Dols-Icardo, Oriol; Illán-Gala, Ignacio; Lleó, Alberto; Danek, Adrian; Galimberti, Daniela; Scarpini, Elio; Serpente, Maria; Graff, Caroline; Chiang, Huei-Hsin; Khoshnood, Behzad; Öijerstedt, Linn; Morris, Christopher M; Nacmias, Benedetta; Sorbi, Sandro; Nielsen, Jorgen E; Hjermind, Lynne E; Novelli, Valeria; Puca, Annibale A; Pastor, Pau; Alvarez, Ignacio; Diez-Fairen, Monica; Aguilar, Miquel; Perneczky, Robert; Diehl-Schimd, Janine; Rogaeva, Ekaterina; Rossi, Mina; Ruiz, Agustin; Boada, Mercè; Hernández, Isabel; Moreno-Grau, Sonia; Schlachetzki, Johannes C; Aarsland, Dag; Alba, Camille; Albert, Marilyn S; Al-Sarraj, Safa; Attems, Johannes; Bacikova, Dagmar; Barrett, Matthew J; Beach, Thomas G; Bekris, Lynn M; Bennett, David A; Besser, Lilah M; Bigio, Eileen H; Black, Sandra E; Boeve, Bradley F; Bohannan, Ryan C; Brett, Francesca; Brice, Alexis; Brunetti, Maura; Caraway, Chad A; Palma, Jose-Alberto; Calvo, Andrea; Canosa, Antonio; Clarimon, Jordi; Dickson, Dennis; Diez-Fairen, Monica; Duyckaerts, Charles; Faber, Kelley; Ferman, Tanis; Flanagan, Margaret E; Floris, Gianluca; Foroud, Tatiana M; Fortea, Juan; Gan-Or, Ziv; Gentleman, Steve; Ghetti, Bernardino; Gibbs, Jesse Raphael; Goate, Alison; Goldstein, David; González-Aramburu, Isabel; Graff-Radford, Neill R; Hodges, Angela K; Hu, Heng-Chen; Hupalo, Daniel; Infante, Jon; Iranzo, Alex; Kaiser, Scott M; Kaufmann, Horacio; Keith, Julia; Kim, Ronald C; Klein, Gregory; Krüger, Rejko; Kukull, Walter; Kuzma, Amanda; Lage, Carmen; Lesage, Suzanne; Lleó, Alberto; Leverenz, James B; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lopez, Grisel; Love, Seth; Mao, Qinwen; Marti, Maria Jose; Martinez-McGrath, Elisa; Masellis, Mario; Masliah, Eliezer; May, Patrick; McKeith, Ian; Mesulam, Marek-Marsel; Monuki, Edwin S; Morris, Christopher M; Newell, Kathy L; Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Lucy; Palmer, Laura; Pastor, Pau; Perkins, Matthew; Pletnikova, Olga; Molina-Porcel, Laura; Renton, Alan E; Reynolds, Regina H; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eloy; Rogaeva, Ekaterina; Rohrer, Jonathan D; Sanchez-Juan, Pascual; Scherzer, Clemens R; Serrano, Geidy E; Shakkottai, Vikram; Sidransky, Ellen; Tayebi, Nahid; Thomas, Alan J; Tilley, Bension S; Troakes, Claire; Troncoso, Juan C; Walton, Ronald L; Woltjer, Randy; Wszolek, Zbigniew K; Xiromerisiou, Georgia; Zecca, Chiara; Phatnani, Hemali; Kwan, Justin; Sareen, Dhruv; Broach, James R; Simmons, Zachary; Arcila-Londono, Ximena; Lee, Edward B; Shneider, Neil A; Fraenkel, Ernest; Ostrow, Lyle W; Baas, Frank; Zaitlen, Noah; Berry, James D; Malaspina, Andrea; Fratta, Pietro; Cox, Gregory A; Thompson, Leslie M; Finkbeiner, Steve; Dardiotis, Efthimios; Miller, Timothy M; Chandran, Siddharthan; Pal, Suvankar; Hornstein, Eran; MacGowan, Daniel J; Heiman-Patterson, Terry; Hammell, Molly G; Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A; Butovsky, Oleg; Dubnau, Joshua; Nath, Avindra; Bowser, Robert; Harms, Matt; Aronica, Eleonora; Poss, Mary; Phillips-Cremins, Jennifer; Crary, John; Atassi, Nazem; Lange, Dale J; Adams, Darius J; Stefanis, Leonidas; Gotkine, Marc; Baloh, Robert H; Babu, Suma; Raj, Towfique; Paganoni, Sabrina; Shalem, Ophir; Smith, Colin; Zhang, Bin; Harris, Brent; Broce, Iris; Drory, Vivian; Ravits, John; McMillan, Corey; Menon, Vilas; Wu, Lani; Altschuler, Steven; Amar, Khaled; Archibald, Neil; Bandmann, Oliver; Capps, Erica; Church, Alistair; Coebergh, Jan; Costantini, Alyssa; Critchley, Peter; Ghosh, Boyd Cp; Hu, Michele T M; Kobylecki, Christopher; Leigh, P Nigel; Mann, Carl; Massey, Luke A; Morris, Huw R; Nath, Uma; Pavese, Nicola; Paviour, Dominic; Sharma, Jagdish; Vaughan, Jenny
We examined the role of repeat expansions in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by analyzing whole-genome sequence data from 2,442 FTD/ALS patients, 2,599 Lewy body dementia (LBD) patients, and 3,158 neurologically healthy subjects. Pathogenic expansions (range, 40-64 CAG repeats) in the huntingtin (HTT) gene were found in three (0.12%) patients diagnosed with pure FTD/ALS syndromes but were not present in the LBD or healthy cohorts. We replicated our findings in an independent collection of 3,674 FTD/ALS patients. Postmortem evaluations of two patients revealed the classical TDP-43 pathology of FTD/ALS, as well as huntingtin-positive, ubiquitin-positive aggregates in the frontal cortex. The neostriatal atrophy that pathologically defines Huntington's disease was absent in both cases. Our findings reveal an etiological relationship between HTT repeat expansions and FTD/ALS syndromes and indicate that genetic screening of FTD/ALS patients for HTT repeat expansions should be considered.
PMID: 33242422
ISSN: 1097-4199
CID: 5429222
JAMA. 2021:325(5).DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.23234

Determination of Brain Death-Reply [Comment]

Sung, Gene; Lewis, Ariane; Greer, David
PMID: 33528534
ISSN: 1538-3598
CID: 4799622
Brain injury. 2021:1-10.DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1878554

How sandbag-able are concussion sideline assessments? A close look at eye movements to uncover strategies

Rizzo, John-Ross; Hudson, Todd E; Martone, John; Dai, Weiwei; Ihionu, Oluchi; Chaudhry, Yash; Selesnick, Ivan; Balcer, Laura J; Galetta, Steven L; Rucker, Janet C
Background: Sideline diagnostic tests for concussion are vulnerable to volitional poor performance ("sandbagging") on baseline assessments, motivated by desire to subvert concussion detection and potential removal from play. We investigated eye movements during sandbagging versus best effort on the King-Devick (KD) test, a rapid automatized naming (RAN) task. Methods: Participants performed KD testing during oculography following instructions to sandbag or give best effort. Results: Twenty healthy participants without concussion history were included (mean age 27 ± 8 years). Sandbagging resulted in longer test times (89.6 ± 39.2 s vs 48.2 ± 8.5 s, p < .001), longer inter-saccadic intervals (459.5 ± 125.4 ms vs 311.2 ± 79.1 ms, p < .001) and greater numbers of saccades (171.4 ± 47 vs 138 ± 24.2, p < .001) and reverse saccades (wrong direction for reading) (21.2% vs 11.3%, p < .001). Sandbagging was detectable using a logistic model with KD times as the only predictor, though more robustly detectable using eye movement metrics. Conclusions: KD sandbagging results in eye movement differences that are detectable by eye movement recordings and suggest an invalid test score. Objective eye movement recording during the KD test shows promise for distinguishing between best effort and post-injury performance, as well as for identifying sandbagging red flags.
PMID: 33529094
ISSN: 1362-301x
CID: 4776222