Faculty Bibliography

OBJECTIVE: Highly publicized incidents in which people with apparent mental illnesses use guns to victimize strangers have important implications for public views of people with mental illnesses and the formation of mental health and gun policy. The study aimed to provide more data about this topic. METHODS: MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study data were analyzed to determine the prevalence of violence by 951 patients after discharge from a psychiatric hospital, including gun violence, violence toward strangers, and gun violence toward strangers. RESULTS: Two percent of patients committed a violent act involving a gun, 6% committed a violent act involving a stranger, and 1% committed a violent act involving both a gun and a stranger. CONCLUSIONS: When public perceptions and policies regarding mental illness are shaped by highly publicized but infrequent instances of gun violence toward strangers, they are unlikely to help people with mental illnesses or to improve public safety.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dalbavancin is a novel, once-weekly glycopeptide antibiotic approved for treatment of acute bacterial skin infections. Given the importance of understanding any pharmacokinetic variability across different patient populations, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a single 500-mg and a single 1000-mg intravenous dose of dalbavancin in healthy Japanese subjects. METHODS: Ten subjects received intravenous dalbavancin 1000 mg, five subjects received intravenous dalbavancin 500 mg, and three subjects received intravenous placebo. RESULTS: After a single infusion of dalbavancin, the maximal plasma concentration (C max) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) increased in a proportional manner from 500 mg to 1000 mg (C max: 157 mug/ml and 299 mug/ml; AUClast: 10,850 mug.h/ml and 22,679 mug.h/ml, on the 500-mg and 1000-mg regimens, respectively) with low inter-subject variability. The mean terminal phase half-life (t 1/2) was 204 and 193 h after the 500-mg and 1000-mg dose, respectively. Clearance and volume of distribution were similar for the two dose concentrations. Treatment-emergent adverse events reported were considered to be of mild intensity. There were no relevant changes in laboratory values or vital signs over time in subjects in either treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, dalbavancin 500 mg and dalbavancin 1000 mg, administered as a single 30-min infusion, was well tolerated in this population and resulted in plasma exposures similar to those in non-Asians.

In over a decade (2002 to 2012) of Staphylococcus aureus surveillance testing on 62,195 isolates, dalbavancin was demonstrated to be active against isolates that were either susceptible or nonsusceptible to daptomycin, linezolid, or tigecycline. Nearly all (99.8%) multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were inhibited by dalbavancin at