Faculty Bibliography

Widespread sharing of data and materials (including displays and text- and video-based descriptions of experimental procedures) will improve the reproducibility of psychological science and accelerate the pace of discovery. In this article, we discuss some of the challenges to open sharing and offer practical solutions for researchers who wish to share more of the products-and process-of their research. Many of these solutions were devised by the Databrary.org data library for storing and sharing video, audio, and other forms of sensitive or personally identifiable data. We also discuss ways in which researchers can make shared data and materials easier for others to find and reuse. Widely adopted, these solutions and practices will increase transparency and speed progress in psychological science.

The use of movie-watching as an acquisition state for functional connectivity (FC) MRI has recently enabled multiple groups to obtain rich data sets in younger children with both substantial sample sizes and scan durations. Using naturalistic paradigms such as movies has also provided analytic flexibility for these developmental studies that extends beyond conventional resting state approaches. This review highlights the advantages and challenges of using movies for developmental neuroimaging and explores some of the methodological issues involved in designing pediatric studies with movies. Emerging themes from movie-watching studies are discussed, including an emphasis on intersubject correlations, developmental changes in network interactions under complex naturalistic conditions, and dynamic age-related changes in both sensory and higher-order network FC even in narrow age ranges. Converging evidence suggests an enhanced ability to identify brain-behavior correlations in children when using movie-watching data relative to both resting state and conventional tasks. Future directions and cautionary notes highlight the potential and the limitations of using movies to study FC in pediatric populations.

Objectives: Once-daily dosing with dasotraline, a novel dopamine and norepinephrine reuptakeinhibitor, achieves stable plasma concentrationsover 24 hours with once-daily dosing. This studyevaluated dasotraline in children aged 6-12 years(NCT02428088).
METHOD(S): Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to 6 weeks ofonce-daily, fixed-dose dasotraline 2 or 4 mg/day, or placebo.The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline(CFB) at Week 6 in ADHD Rating Scale Version IV-HomeVersion (ADHD RS-IV HV) total score, using a mixed modelfor repeated measures (MMRM) in the intent-to-treat (ITT)population. Secondary endpoints included Clinical GlobalImpression-Severity (CGI-S) score and safety endpoints.
RESULT(S): The mean age of 342 randomized patients was9.1 [SD: 1.9] years; 66.7% were male. Overall, 79% ofpatients completed the study. In the ITT population(N = 336), ADHD RS-IV HV total score improvedsignificantly with dasotraline 4 mg/day vs placebo(leastsquares [LS] mean [SE] CFB at Week 6:-17.53 [+/- 1.31]vs-11.36 [+/- 1.29], respectively, p < 0.001; effect size[ES]: 0.48). Inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale scores significantly improved with 4 mg/dayvs placebo at Week 6 (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively).Improvement in CGI-S score was statistically significantwith dasotraline 4 mg/day vs placebo(LS mean [SE] CFBat Week 6:-1.39 [+/- 0.12] vs-1.04 [+/- 0.12], respectively,p = 0.040; ES: 0.29). No significant improvement wasobserved on the ADHD RS-IV HV total score and theCGI-S score for dasotraline 2 mg/day vs placebo. Themost frequent treatment-emergent AEs (=5% and higherthan placebo) were (2 mg/day; 4 mg/day; placebo):insomnia (15.3%; 21.7%; 4.3%, all terms combined),decreased appetite (12.6%; 21.7%; 5.2%), weight loss(5.4%; 8.7%; 0%), irritability (3.6%; 7.0%; 6.0%),nasopharyngitis (0.9%; 5.2%; 0.9%), and nausea (0%;5.2%; 2.6%).
CONCLUSION(S): Compared with placebo, dasotraline4 mg/day significantly improved ADHD symptoms inchildren, as assessed by ADHD RS-IV HV total score andinattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscalescores. Dasotraline was generally well tolerated; mostcommon AEs were insomnia, decreased appetite, weightloss and irritability

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is an important lipid carrier in both the periphery and the brain. The ApoE e4 allele (ApoE4) is the single most important genetic risk-factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) while the e2 allele (ApoE2) is associated with a lower risk of AD-related neurodegeneration compared to the most common variant, e3 (ApoE3). ApoE genotype affects a variety of neural circuits; however, the olfactory system appears to provide early biomarkers of ApoE genotype effects. Here, we directly compared olfactory behavior and olfactory system physiology across all three ApoE genotypes in 6-month- and 12-month-old mice with targeted replacement for the human ApoE2, ApoE3, or ApoE4 genes. Odor investigation and habituation were assessed, along with, olfactory bulb and piriform cortical local field potential activity. The results demonstrate that while initial odor investigation was unaffected by ApoE genotype, odor habituation was impaired in E4 relative to E2 mice, with E3 mice intermediate in function. There was also significant deterioration of odor habituation from 6 to 12 months of age regardless of the ApoE genotype. Olfactory system excitability and odor responsiveness were similarly determined by ApoE genotype, with an ApoE4 > ApoE3 > ApoE2 excitability ranking. The hyper-excitability of ApoE4 mice may contribute to the impairment of odor habituation memory, while the hypo-excitability of ApoE2 mice may contribute to its protective effects. Given that these ApoE mice do not have AD pathology, our results demonstrate the potential process by which ApoE affects the olfactory system at early stages, prior to the development of AD

New York City (NYC) public hospitals recently mandated that all pregnant women be screened for depression, but no funds were allocated for screening or care coordination/treatment, and research suggests that unfunded mandates are not likely to be successful. To address this, we implemented an on-site depression prevention intervention (NYC ROSE) for positive depression screens among pregnant, mostly Black and Hispanic, lower-income women in one public hospital. In this paper, we used Aarons' implementation model to describe the successes and challenges of screening and intervention. Patient tracking sheets and electronic medical records were abstracted. Key informant interviews and an informal focus group were conducted, and staff observations were reviewed; common implementation themes were identified and fit into Aarons' model. We found that a lack of funding and staff training, which led to minimal psychoeducation for patients, were outer context factors that may have made depression screening difficult, screening results unreliable, and NYC ROSE enrollment challenging. Although leadership agreed to implement NYC ROSE, early involvement of all levels of staff and patients would have better informed important inner context factors, like workflow and logistical/practical challenges. There was also a mismatch between the treatment model and the population being served; patients often lived too far away to receive additional services on site, and economic issues were often a higher priority than mental health services. Screening and interventions for perinatal depression are essential for optimal family health, and a detailed, thoughtful and funded approach can help ensure effectiveness of such efforts.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprised of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a common health problem both in the United States and worldwide, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Despite multiple known genetic and situational risk factors, an estimated 30% of all events remain classified as idiopathic, demonstrating a significant knowledge gap in the pathophysiology VTE. While platelets are well established as an essential contributor to thrombus formation and there has been recent interest in the role of neutrophil extracellular traps, specific cell types and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of VTE remain uncertain. In this study, our primary aims were to define a unique transcriptional signature for VTE and to identify the types of cells and specific pathways involved in development of VTE. Whole blood was collected in PAX gene tubes and RNA sequencing for coding mRNA was performed in an unbiased manner in 201 patients with prevalent VTE as well as 43 healthy controls. We used a bioinformatics approach to develop a unique signature for VTE by identifying differentially expressed genes, developing cell-type modules, and ascertaining pathways driving differentially expressed transcripts. We performed additional analyses on subgroups of patients with idiopathic VTE, patients with incident VTE, and VTE patients matched to healthy controls by age and sex. We went on to use machine learning methods to learn models that best differentiate VTE patients from healthy controls and validated it on a left out test set within our VTE population. Genes specific to neutrophils, erythrocytes, and platelets, in that order, were most significantly upregulated in patients with VTE compared to healthy controls. Genes related to T-cells were downregulated. Pathway analysis revealed upregulated neutrophil activation and degranulation, erythrocyte differentiation and homeostasis, and platelet degranulation. A gene signature of 217 transcripts was outstanding at differentiating patients with VTE versus healthy controls (AUC 0.94). Following adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity our genetic signature remained significantly robust at differentiating patients with VTE versus controls (AUC 0.83). Our expression signature remained stable across patients with idiopathic VTE (AUC 0.93), and in patients who went on to develop future VTE events (AUC 0.95). In summary, we have demonstrated a whole blood transcriptional signature for prevalent and incident VTE. Genes related to neutrophils, erythrocytes, and platelets are upregulated in patients with VTE and genes related to T-cells were downregulated. These findings suggest an active role of cell types once thought to be passively entrapped within thrombus and provide new areas of study to establish the pathophysiology of VTE

Background/Purpose: Hyperuricemia is common, and along with other comorbidities (CM), is increasing in prevalence. Though often asymptomatic, it is associated with subclinical urate deposition detectable by ultrasound (US) imaging. This study aims to evaluate the association of CM with urate deposition in individuals with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (ASU) via US.
Method(s): ASU was defined as serum urate (sUA) >6mg/dl; sUA <6mg/dl served as controls. Demographic factors,