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Presenting or Spinning Facts? Deconstructing the U.S. Centers for Disease Control Statement on the Importance of Reopening Schools Under COVID-19
Benzian, Habib; Johnston, Marilyn; Stauf, Nicole; Niederman, Richard
Credible, reliable and consistent information to the public, as well as health professionals and decision makers, is crucial to help navigate uncertainty and risk in times of crisis and concern. Traditionally, information and health communications issued by respected and established government agencies have been regarded as factual, unbiased and credible. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is such an agency that addresses all aspects of health and public health on behalf of the U.S Government for the benefit of its citizens. In July 2020, the CDC issued guidelines on reopening schools which resulted in open criticism by the U.S. President and others, prompting a review and publication of revised guidelines together with a special "Statement on the Importance of Reopening Schools under COVID-19." We hypothesize that this statement introduced bias with the intention to shift the public perception and media narrative in favor of reopening of schools. Using a mixed methods approach, including an online text analysis tool, we demonstrate that document title and structure, word frequencies, word choice, and website presentation did not provide a balanced account of the complexity and uncertainty surrounding school reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite available scientific guidance and practical evidence-based advice on how to manage infection risks when reopening schools, the CDC Statement was intentionally overriding possible parent and public health concerns. The CDC Statement provides an example of how political influence is exercised over the presentation of science in the context of a major pandemic. It was withdrawn by the CDC in November 2020.
PMCID:7985534
PMID: 33768087
ISSN: 2296-2565
CID: 4822972
Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Kendrick, Parkes J.; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abdoli, Amir; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abedi, Aidin; Abhilash, E. S.; Aboyans, Victor; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Advani, Shailesh M.; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Sohail; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmed, Haroon; Aji, Budi; Akalu, Yonas; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Alahdab, Fares; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M.; Alhabib, Khalid F.; Ali, Tilahun; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alomari, Mahmoud A.; Amin, Tarek Tawfik; Amini, Saeed; Amu, Hubert; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderson, Jason A.; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Antony, Benny; Anvari, Davood; Arabloo, Jalal; Arian, Nicholas D.; Arora, Monika; Artanti, Kurnia Dwi; Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie; Ausloos, Marcel; Awan, Asma Tahir; Ayano, Getinet; Aynalem, Getie Lake; Azari, Samad; Darshan, B. B.; Badiye, Ashish D.; Baig, Atif Amin; Banach, Maciej; Banerjee, Srikanta K.; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Basu, Sanjay; Bayati, Mohsen; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Benzian, Habib; Benziger, Catherine P.; Berman, Adam E.; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bibi, Sadia; Bijani, Ali; Biondi, Antonio; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brenner, Hermann; Brunoni, Andre R.; Burkart, Katrin; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina; Butt, Zahid A.; dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano; Car, Josip; Carreras, Giulia; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia Sofia; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chaturvedi, Pankaj; Chen, Simiao; Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Costa, Vera Marisa; Couto, Rosa A. S.; Dagnew, Baye; Dai, Xiaochen; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Damiani, Giovanni; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz; Gela, Jiregna Darega; Molla, Meseret Derbew; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhimal, Meghnath; Eagan, Arielle Wilder; Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi; Edvardsson, Kristina; Effiong, Andem; El Tantawi, Maha; Elbarazi, Iffat; Esmaeilnejad, Saman; Fadhil, Ibtihal; Faraon, Emerito Jose A.; Farwati, Medhat; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi; Feigin, Valery L.; Feldman, Rachel; Filip, Irina; Filippidis, Filippos; Fischer, Florian; Flor, Luisa Sorio; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Foroutan, Masoud; Gad, Mohamed M.; Gallus, Silvano; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle; Gebregiorgis, Birhan Gebresillassie; Getacher, Lemma; Obsa, Abera Getachew; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Ghith, Nermin; Gil, Gabriela Fernanda; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed; Goharinezhad, Salime; Golechha, Mahaveer; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gorini, Giuseppe; Grivna, Michal; Guha, Avirup; Guimaraes, Rafael Alves; Guo, Yuming; Das Gupta, Rajat; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Tarun; Gupta, Vin; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hargono, Arief; Hay, Simon, I; Heidari, Golnaz; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hezam, Kamal; Hird, Thomas R.; Holla, Ramesh; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Househ, Mowafa; Hsiao, Thomas; Huang, Junjie; Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Jessica Y.; Islam, Rakibul M.; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Iso, Hiroyasu; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Jaafari, Jalil; Jain, Vardhmaan; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jang, Sung-In; Jayaram, Shubha; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jha, Ravi Prakas; Jonas, Jost B.; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kalankesh, Leila R.; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Kapoor, Neeti; Karch, Andre; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Kebede, Kindie Mitiku; Kelkay, Bayew; Kennedy, Ryan David; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khayamzadeh, Maryam; Kim, Gyu Ri; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kivimaki, Mika; Kosen, Soewarta; Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Nithin; Kurmi, Om P.; Kusuma, Dian; Lacey, Ben; Landires, Ivan; Lasrado, Savita; Lauriola, Paolo; Lee, Doo Woong; Lee, Yo Han; Leung, Janni; Li, Shanshan; Lin, Hualiang; Liu, Wei; Lugo, Alessandra; Kunjathur, Shilpashree Madhava; Majeed, Azeem; Maleki, Afshin; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Manjunatha, Narayana; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Martini, Santi; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mathur, Prashant; Mazidi, Mohsen; McKee, Martin; Medina-Solis, Carlo Eduardo; Mehata, Suresh; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Miller, Ted R.; Mini, Gk; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mirzaei, Hamed; Misra, Sanjeev; Mohammad, Yousef; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mossie, Tilahun Belete; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mullany, Erin C.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naik, Nitish; Nalini, Mahdi; Nangia, Vinay; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha; Naveed, Muhammad; Nazari, Javad; Nduaguba, Sabina O.; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Kandel, Sandhya Neupane; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.; Nixon, Molly R.; Nnaji, Chukwudi A.; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nowak, Christoph; Nunez-Samudio, Virginia; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru; Oh, In-Hwan; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Mahesh, P. A.; Pakshir, Keyvan; Pana, Adrian; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Ashok; Parekh, Utsav; Park, Eun-Cheol; Park, Eun-Kee; Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh; Pathak, Mona; Pawar, Shrikant; Pestell, Richard G.; Pham, Hai Quang; Pinheiro, Marina; Pokhrel, Khem Narayan; Pourshams, Akram; Prashant, Akila; Radfar, Amir; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Ram, Pradhum; Rana, Juwel; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rathi, Priya; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Rawassizadeh, Reza; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Rezapour, Aziz; Riaz, Mavra A.; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roy, Ambuj; Roy, Bedanta; Saddik, Basema; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Salehi, Sana; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi; Sathian, Brijesh; Sawhney, Monika; Saya, Ganesh Kumar; Schwendicke, Falk; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shafaat, Omid; Shah, Syed Mahboob; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharafi, Kiomars; Sheikh, Aziz; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shishani, Kawkab; Shivakumar, K. M.; Shivalli, Siddharudha; Shrestha, Roman; Siabani, Soraya; Sidemo, Negussie Boti; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig; Silva, Joao Pedro; Singh, Ambrish; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Virendra; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Soroush, Ali; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Stein, Dan J.; Steiropoulos, Paschalis; Stortecky, Stefan; Straif, Kurt; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Sulo, Gerhard; Sundstrom, Johan; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadesse, Eyayou Girma; Tamiru, Animut Tagele; Tareke, Minale; Tareque, Md Ismail; Tarigan, Ingan Ukur; Thakur, Bhaskar; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapar, Rekha; Tolani, Musliu Adetola; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie; Tymeson, Hayley D.; Ullah, Saif; Unim, Brigid; Updike, Rachel L.; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Vacante, Marco; Vardavas, Constantine; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Verma, Madhur; Vidale, Simone; Vo, Bay; Vu, Giang Thu; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Yanzhong; Welding, Kevin; Werdecker, Andrea; Whisnant, Joanna L.; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yano, Yuichiro; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid; Yeshaw, Yigizie; Yimmer, Mohammed Zewdu; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Yu, Chuanhua; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Yusefzadeh, Hasan; Zaman, Muhammed Shahriar; Zamani, Mohammad; Zamanian, Maryam; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zastrozhina, Anasthasia; Zhang, Jianrong; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhong, Chenwen; Zuniga, Yves Miel H.; Gakidou, Emmanuela
ISI:000667484800014
ISSN: 2468-2667
CID: 4968562
Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050 [Review]
Micah, Angela E.; Cogswell, Ian E.; Cunningham, Brandon; Ezoe, Satoshi; Harle, Anton C.; Maddison, Emilie R.; McCracken, Darrah; Nomura, Shuhei; Simpson, Kyle E.; Stutzman, Hayley N.; Tsakalos, Golsum; Wallace, Lindsey E.; Zhao, Yingxi; Zende, Rahul R.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abedi, Aidin; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Abhilash, E. S.; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abrigo, Michael R. M.; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Afzal, Saira; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Rashid, Tarik Ahmed; Ajami, Marjan; Aji, Budi; Akalu, Yonas; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alam, Khurshid; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M.; Alemayehu, Yosef; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Alinia, Cyrus; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almustanyir, Sami Almustanyir; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J.; Amini, Saeed; Amini-Rarani, Mostafa; Amu, Hubert; Ancuceanu, Robert; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Angell, Blake; Anjomshoa, Mina; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Antony, Catherine M.; Aqeel, Muhammad; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Aripov, Timur; Arrigo, Alessandro; Ashraf, Tahira; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie; Ausloos, Marcel; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Awan, Asma Tahir; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Azari, Samad; Azhar, Gulrez Shah; Babalola, Tesleem Kayode; Bahrami, Mohammad Amin; Baig, Atif Amin; Banach, Maciej; Barati, Nastaran; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barrow, Amadou; Basu, Sanjay; Baune, Bernhard T.; Bayati, Mohsen; Benzian, Habib; Berman, Adam E.; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bibi, Sadia; Bijani, Ali; Bodolica, Virginia; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Braithwaite, Dejana; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Breusov, Alexey V.; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Busse, Reinhard; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Callander, Emily Joy; Camera, Luis Alberto; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Charan, Jaykaran; Chatterjee, Souranshu; Chattu, Soosanna Kumary; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chen, Simiao; Cicero, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe; Dadras, Omid; Dahlawi, Saad M. A.; Dai, Xiaochen; Dalal, Koustuv; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; De Neve, Jan-Walter; de Sa-Junior, Antonio Reis; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Dhamnetiya, Deepak; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Doshmangir, Leila; Dube, John; Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; El Tantawi, Maha; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Farzadfar, Farshad; Ferede, Tomas Y.; Fischer, Florian; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Freitas, Alberto; Friedman, Sara D.; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fullman, Nancy; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gad, Mohamed M.; Garcia-Gordillo, M. A.; Garg, Tushar; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Gholamian, Asadollah; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Ghozali, Ghozali; Gilani, Syed Amir; Glavan, Ionela-Roxana; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Goharinezhad, Salime; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goli, Srinivas; Guha, Avirup; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Haakenstad, Annie; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Hailu, Alemayehu; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Harapan, Harapan; Hartono, Risky Kusuma; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hassan, Shoaib; Hassanein, Mohamed H.; Hayat, Khezar; Hegazy, Mohamed I.; Heidari, Golnaz; Hendrie, Delia; Heredia-Pi, Ileana; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hezam, Kamal; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Sheikh Jamal; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Sorin; Huda, Tanvir M.; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Iavicoli, Ivo; Idrisov, Bulat; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Jahani, Mohammad Ali; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayawardena, Ranil; Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jonas, Jost B.; Joo, Tamas; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jurisson, Mikk; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Matin, Behzad Karami; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Kassahun, Getinet; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khammarnia, Mohammad; Khan, Junaid; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kianipour, Neda; Kim, Gyu Ri; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kohler, Stefan; Kosen, Soewarta; Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran; Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Kumar, G. Anil; Kusuma, Dian; Lamnisos, Demetris; Lansingh, Van Charles; Larsson, Anders O.; Lasrado, Savita; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Lim, Stephen S.; Lobo, Stany W.; Lozano, Rafael; Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy; Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy; Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi; Majeed, Azeem; Makki, Alaa; Maleki, Afshin; Malekzadeh, Reza; Manda, Ana Laura; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Arnedo, Carlos Alberto Marrugo; Martinez-Valle, Adolfo; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra; Maude, Richard James; Mckee, Martin; Medina-Solis, Carlo Eduardo; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Kostova, Neda Milevska; Miller, Ted R.; Mini, G. K.; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamed, Teroj Abdulrahman; Mohammadi, Mokhtar; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafiu; Moitra, Modhurima; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Moradi, Yousef; Morze, Jakub; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine; Muriithi, Moses K.; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Nangia, Vinay; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Naveed, Muhammad; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nazari, Javad; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Negoi, Ionut; Kandel, Sandhya Neupane; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Nonvignon, Justice; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka; Oancea, Bogdan; Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola Ogunyemi; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun; Olgiati, Stefano; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Otoiu, Adrian; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Palladino, Raffaele; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Park, Eun-Cheol; Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh; Pawar, Shrikant; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki; Pereira, David M.; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Pesudovs, Konrad; Piccinelli, Cristiano; Postma, Maarten J.; Prada, Sergio I.; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Ram, Usha; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R.; Rathi, Priya; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Rawassizadeh, Reza; Reiner, Robert C., Jr.; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Reshmi, Bhageerathy; Riaz, Mavra A.; Ripon, Rezaul Karim; Saad, Anas M.; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sahu, Maitreyi; Salama, Joseph S.; Salehi, Sana; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Santos, Joao Vasco; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Sathian, Brijesh; Savic, Miloje; Saxena, Deepak; Sayyah, Mehdi; Schwendicke, Falk; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Seylani, Allen; Shahabi, Saeed; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sheikh, Aziz; Shetty, Adithi; Shetty, Pavanchand H.; Shibuya, Kenji; Shrime, Mark G.; Shuja, Kanwar Hamza; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Soltani, Shahin; Soofi, Moslem; Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth; Stefan, Simona Catalina; Szerencses, Viktoria; Szocska, Miklos; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu; Tefera, Yonas Getaye; Thavamani, Aravind; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Topor-Madry, Roman; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Bach Xuan Tran; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Ullah, Anayat; Ullah, Saif; Umar, Nasir; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Valdez, Pascual R.; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Villafane, Jorge Hugo; Violante, Francesco S.; Vlassov, Vasily; Bay Vo; Vollmer, Sebastian; Theo Vos; Giang Thu Vu; Linh Gia Vu; Wamai, Richard G.; Werdecker, Andrea; Woldekidan, Mesfin Agachew; Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse; Xu, Gelin; Yaya, Sanni; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid; Yigit, Vahit; Yip, Paul; Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yu, Chuanhua; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Moghadam, Telma Zahirian; Zandian, Hamed; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zastrozhina, Anasthasia; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Ziapour, Arash; Zuniga, Yves Miel H.; Hay, Simon I.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Dieleman, Joseph L.
ISI:000705490300019
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 5071652
Pandemic Considerations on Essential Oral Health Care
Benzian, H; Beltrán-Aguilar, E; Mathur, M R; Niederman, R
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revealed a lack of consensus on the concept of essential oral health care. We propose a definition of essential oral health care that includes urgent and basic oral health care to initiate a broader debate and stakeholder alignment. We argue that oral health care must be part of essential health care provided by any health system. Essential oral health care covers the most prevalent oral health problems through an agreed-on set of safe, quality, and cost-effective interventions at the individual and community level to promote and protect oral health, as well as prevent and treat common oral diseases, including appropriate rehabilitative services, thereby maintaining health, productivity, and quality of life. By default, essential oral health care does not include the full spectrum of possible interventions that contemporary dentistry can provide. On the basis of this definition, we conceptualize a layered model of essential oral health care that integrates urgent and basic oral health care, as well as advanced/specialist oral health care. Finally, we present 3 key reflections on the essentiality of oral health care. First, oral health care must be an integral component of a health care system's essential services, and by implication, oral health care personnel are part of the essential health care workforce. Second, not all dental care is essential oral health care, and not all essential care is also urgent, particularly under the specific risk conditions of the pandemic. Third, there is a need for criteria, evidence, and consensus-building processes to define which dental interventions are to be included in which category of essential oral health care. All stakeholders, including the research, academic, and clinical communities, as well as professional organizations and civil society, need to tackle this aspect in a concerted effort. Such consensus will be crucial for dentistry in view of the Sustainable Development Goal's push for universal health coverage, which must cover essential oral health care.
PMCID:7726624
PMID: 33295831
ISSN: 1544-0591
CID: 4722882
Impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme on children's independent handwashing and toothbrushing habits: a cluster-randomised trial
Duijster, Denise; Buxton, Helen; Benzian, Habib; Dimaisip-Nabuab, Jed; Monse, Bella; Volgenant, Catherine; Dreibelbis, Robert
OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:To explore whether a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme, which includes group hygiene activities, contributes to the formation of independent handwashing and toothbrushing habits among Filipino children. METHODS:In this cluster-randomised trial, twenty primary schools were randomly allocated to the intervention or control arm. Intervention schools received group handwashing facilities and implemented daily group handwashing and toothbrushing activities. A soap use to toilet event ratio was calculated to measure children's independent handwashing behaviour after toilet use, and dental plaque accumulation on Monday morning was measured as a proxy indicator for children's independent toothbrushing behaviour at home. RESULTS:Four months after implementation, handwashing and toothbrushing behaviours did not significantly differ between intervention and control schools. The mean soap use in intervention schools and control schools was 0.41 g and 0.30 g per toilet event, respectively (p = 0.637). Compared to baseline, mean plaque scores reduced by 4.2% and 3.5% in intervention and control schools, respectively (p = 0.857). CONCLUSIONS:Although health benefits have been established, school-based group handwashing and toothbrushing may not be sufficient to increase children's uptake of independent hygiene behaviours.
PMID: 33141327
ISSN: 1661-8564
CID: 4662692
IADR and AADR applaud the Lancet Oral Health Series - Authors' reply [Letter]
Kearns, Cristin E; Watt, Richard G; Bero, Lisa A; Benzian, Habib
PMID: 32087791
ISSN: 1474-547x
CID: 4324072
Oral diseases: a global public health challenge - Authors' reply [Comment]
Peres, Marco A; Daly, Blánaid; Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol C; Benzian, Habib; Watt, Richard G
PMID: 31954457
ISSN: 1474-547x
CID: 4273632
The Lancet Oral Health Series: Implications for Oral and Dental Research
Watt, R G; Daly, B; Allison, P; Macpherson, L M D; Venturelli, R; Listl, S; Weyant, R J; Mathur, M R; Guarnizo-Herreño, C C; Celeste, R K; Peres, M A; Kearns, C; Benzian, H
PMID: 31859586
ISSN: 1544-0591
CID: 4243842
Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17
Deshpande, Aniruddha; Miller-Petrie, Molly K.; Lindstedt, Paulina A.; Baumann, Mathew M.; Johnson, Kimberly B.; Blacker, Brigette F.; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Abejie, Ayenew Negesse; Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes; Abrigo, Michael R. M.; Abualhasan, Ahmed; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agudelo-Botero, Marcela; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Anwar E.; Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie; Akanda, Ali S.; Alahdab, Fares; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Samiah; Alam, Noore; Alamene, Genet Melak; Alanzi, Turki M.; Albright, James; Albujeer, Ammar; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Alebel, Animut; Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Ali, Muhammad; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almasi, Ali; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Altirkawi, Khalid A.; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J.; Amini, Saeed; Amit, Arianna Maever L.; Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansariadi, Ansariadi; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Antony, Benny; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Arabloo, Jalal; Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin; Aremu, Olatunde; Armoon, Bahram; Arora, Amit; Aryal, Krishna K.; Arzani, Afsaneh; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran; Asmelash, Daniel; Atalay, Hagos Tasew; Athari, Seyyede Masoume; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atre, Sachin R.; Ausloos, Marcel; Awasthi, Shally; Awoke, Nefsu; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Aynalem, Yared Asmare; Azari, Samad; Azman, Andrew S.; Babaee, Ebrahim; Badawi, Alaa; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba; Bakkannavar, Shankar M.; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Banach, Maciej; Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar; Barac, Aleksandra; Barboza, Miguel A.; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Basu, Sanjay; Vo Dinh Bay; Bayati, Mohsen; Bedi, Neeraj; Beheshti, Mahya; Behzadifar, Meysam; Behzadifar, Masoud; Ramirez, Diana Fernanda Bejarano; Bell, Michelle L.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Benzian, Habib; Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema; Bernstein, Robert S.; Bhat, Anusha Ganapati; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat; Biswas, Raaj Kishore; Bohlouli, Somayeh; Boufous, Soufiane; Brady, Oliver J.; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Britton, Gabrielle B.; Brown, Alexandria; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina; Butt, Zahid A.; Camera, Luis Alberto; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano; Cano, Jorge; Car, Josip; Cardenas, Rosario; Carvalho, Felix; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Castro, Franz; Cerin, Ester; Chalise, Binaya; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chin, Ken Lee; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Cormier, Natalie Maria; Costa, Vera Marisa; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Dadi, Abel Fekadu Fekadu; Dahiru, Tukur; Dahlawi, Saad M. A.; Dandona, Rakhi; Dandona, Lalit; Dang, Anh Kim; Daoud, Farah; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Darwish, Amira Hamed; Daryani, Ahmad; Das, Jai K.; Das Gupta, Rajat; Dash, Aditya Prasad; Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Weaver, Nicole Davis; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Demissie, Dereje Bayissa; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Deribe, Kebede; Desalew, Assefa; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhillon, Preeti; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dhungana, Govinda Prasad; Diaz, Daniel; Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi; Hoa Thi; Dolecek, Christiane; Doyle, Kerrie E.; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Effiong, Andem; Eftekhari, Aziz; El Nahas, Nevine; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; El Tantawi, Maha; Elhabashy, Hala Rashad; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa, I; El-Khatib, Ziad; Elkout, Hajer; Elsharkawy, Aisha; Enany, Shymaa; Endalew, Daniel Adane; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Etemadi, Arash; Ezekannagha, Oluchi; Faraon, Emerito Jose A.; Fareed, Mohammad; Faro, Andre; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fasil, Alebachew Fasil; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi; Feigin, Valery L.; Fekadu, Wubalem; Fentahun, Netsanet; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Flohr, Carsten; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Foroutan, Masoud; Franklin, Richard Charles; Frostad, Joseph Jon; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gad, Mohamed M.; Garcia, Gregory M.; Gatotoh, Augustine Mwangi; Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye; Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork; Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Sherbaf, Farzaneh Ghazi; Gill, Tiffany K.; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Ginindza, Themba G.; Girmay, Alem; Gizaw, Zemichael; Goodridge, Amador; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Grada, Ayman; Green, Manfred S.; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Guido, Davide; Guimaraes, Rafael Alves; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Rahul; Ha, Giang Hai; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Haile, Dessalegn H.; Haile, Michael Tamene; Hall, Brian J.; Hamidi, Samer; Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes; Haririan, Hamidreza; Hariyani, Ninuk; Hasaballah, Ahmed, I; Hasan, Mehedi; Hasanzadeh, Amir; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Hayelom, Desta Haftu; Hegazy, Mohamed, I; Heibati, Behzad; Heidari, Behnam; Hendrie, Delia; Henok, Andualem; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; de Hidru, Hagos Degefa; Hird, Thomas R.; Chi Linh Hoang; Hollerich, Gillian, I; Hoogar, Praveen; Hossain, Naznin; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Househ, Mowafa; Hu, Guoqing; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Syed Ather; Hussen, Mamusha Aman A.; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Milena D.; Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan; Iqbal, Usman; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ivers, Rebecca Q.; Iwu, Chinwe Juliana; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalali, Amir; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jenabi, Ensiyeh; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Ji, John S.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kanchan, Tanuj; Karch, Andre; Karki, Surendra; Kasaeian, Amir; Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie; Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe; Kassa, Gebrehiwot G.; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Kebede, Mihiretu M.; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Ketema, Daniel Bekele; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khalid, Nauman; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Junaid; Khan, Nuruzzaman; Khatab, Khaled; Khater, Mona M.; Khater, Amir M.; Khayamzadeh, Maryam; Khazaei, Mohammad; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kiadaliri, Ali; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kisa, Sezer; Kisa, Adnan; Kochhar, Sonali; Kolola, Tufa; Komaki, Hamidreza; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kusuma, Dian; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Lal, Aparna; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lam, Hilton; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lansingh, Van Charles; Lasrado, Savita; Lebedev, Georgy; Lee, Paul H.; LeGrand, Kate E.; Leili, Mostafa; Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso; Leshargie, Cheru Tesema; Levine, Aubrey J.; Lewycka, Sonia; Li, Shanshan; Linn, Shai; Liu, Shiwei; Lopez, Jaifred Christian F.; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy; Prasad, D. R. Mahadeshwara; Mahasha, Phetole Walter; Mahotra, Narayan B.; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Manafi, Navid; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher; Martinez, Gabriel; Martini, Santi; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mayala, Benjamin K.; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Colm; Meharie, Birhanu Geta; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi; Mehta, Kala M.; Mekonnen, Teferi; Mekonnen, Tefera Chane; Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael; Meles, Hagazi Gebre; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Metekiya, Workua Mekonnen; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miller, Ted R.; Mini, G. 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Chudi; Valdez, Pascual R.; Varughese, Santosh; Veisani, Yousef; Violante, Francesco S.; Vollmer, Sebastian; Whawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel; Waheed, Yasir; Wallin, Mitchell Taylor; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Wang, Yafeng; Wangdi, Kinley; Weiss, Daniel J.; Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay; Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew; Westerman, Ronny; Wiangkham, Taweewat; Wiens, Kirsten E.; Wijeratne, Tissa; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wolde, Haileab Fekadu; Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu; Wonde, Tewodros Eshete; Worku, Getasew Taddesse; Yadollahpour, Ali; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yamada, Tomohide; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu; Yip, Paul; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A.; Yu, Chuanhua; Yusefzadeh, Hasan; Zadey, Siddhesh; Moghadam, Telma Zahirian; Zaidi, Zoubida; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zamani, Mohammad; Zandian, Hamed; Zar, Heather J.; Zerfu, Taddese Alemu; Zhang, Yunquan; Ziapour, Arash; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zuniga, Yves Miel H.; Hay, Simon, I; Reiner, Robert C., Jr.
ISI:000577328800021
ISSN: 2214-109x
CID: 4677322
A Dental Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic-Safer Aerosol-Free Emergent (SAFER) Dentistry
Benzian, Habib; Niederman, Richard
Dental services are significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all dental procedures carry a high infection risk for providers and patients due to the spread of aerosols. As a consequence, public health agencies and professional associations have issued guidelines for enhanced infection control and personal protection equipment and have also limited care to urgent or emergency services. However, there is no dental service concept for pandemic disaster preparedness or response that might be applied. Moreover, pathways to dental care provision in a post-pandemic future with persisting risks are needed. We propose Safer Aerosol-Free Emergent Dentistry (SAFER Dentistry) as one approach to dental services during and emerging from the pandemic. The concept's starting point is the identification of the most common patient needs. The next step is to replace common treatments addressing the most frequent needs with alternative interventions involving a lower infection risk because they do not generate aerosols. SAFER Dentistry is innovative, avoids risk, and responds to the requirements of a pandemic and post-pandemic emergency where the risk of airborne disease transmission remains high. SAFER Dentistry thereby ensures continuity of dental services while protecting providers and patients from infectious pathogens. Moreover, SAFER Dentistry allows dental service providers to remain operational and generate income even under pandemic conditions. Potential implementation and policy options for SAFER Dentistry include universal availability without co-payments by patients and a uniform bundled payment scheme for providers to simplify budgeting, reimbursement, and administration during a pandemic. Adaptations and adjustments of the concept are possible and encouraged as long as the principle of avoiding aerosol-generating procedures is maintained.
PMCID:7434942
PMID: 32903453
ISSN: 2296-858x
CID: 4587492
