Faculty Bibliography
Searched for:
Department/Unit:Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Total Results:
11622
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2015:54(6):518-519.DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.001
Review of Life, animated: A story of sidekicks, heroes, and autism
Reviews the book, Life, Animated: A Story of Sidekicks, Heroes, and Autism by Ron Suskind (2014). The book is not about autism and it is not even a story of a boy with autism. At times while experiencing Life, Animated, the reviewer thought that it was the story of a parent and family coming to understand and cope with a child with autism. The book, in fact, could be read with that idea in mind and still be an immensely rewarding experience for anyone who treats or works with children with autism and their families. In the end, however, the story is much more universal than that. It is the story of a father coming to know his son. It is the story of members of a family coming to know themselves. It is the story of a child's unique experience of his internal and external worlds. Beyond showing us the experience families have in dealing with difficult mental illness and disability or suggesting unique ways of engaging with children who might communicate in a different way, the book expands what one thinks of as the human experience. It suggests that experiencing life in a way that is considered more normative in the spectrum of human experience is not necessarily a better or right way to see things.
PSYCH:2015-24326-016
ISSN: 1527-5418
CID: 1951042
Executive function deficits in adults with ADHD
New York, NY, US: Guilford Press, 2015
pp. 256-266
ISBN: 978-1-4625-1772-5
CID: 1951242
Effects of testing on subsequent re-encoding and long-term forgetting of action-relevant materials: On the influence of recall type
Testing one's memory of previously studied information reduces the rate of forgetting, compared to restudy. However, little is known about how this direct testing effect applies to action phrases (e.g., "wash the car") - a learning material relevant to everyday memory. As action phrases consist of two different components, a verb (e.g., "wash") and a noun (e.g., "car"), testing can either be implemented as noun-cued recall of verbs or verb-cued recall of nouns, which may differently affect later memory performance. In the present study, we investigated the effect of testing for these two recall types, using verbally encoded action phrases as learning materials. Results showed that repeated study-test practice, compared to repeated study-restudy practice, decreased the forgetting rate across 1 week to a similar degree for both noun-cued and verb-cued recall types. However, noun-cued recall of verbs initiated more new subsequent learning during the first restudy, compared to verb-cued recall of nouns. The study provides evidence that testing has benefits on both subsequent restudy and long-term retention of action-relevant materials, but that these benefits are differently expressed with testing via noun-cued versus verb-cued recall.
PMID: 26243692
ISSN: 1467-9450
CID: 1935962
The muted sense: neurocognitive limitations of olfactory language
Most people find it profoundly difficult to name familiar smells. This difficulty persists even when perceptual odor processing and visual object naming are unimpaired, implying deficient sensory-specific interactions with the language system. Here we synthesize recent behavioral and neuroimaging data to develop a biologically informed framework for olfactory lexical processing in the human brain. Our central premise is that the difficulty in naming common objects through olfactory (compared with visual) stimulation is the end result of cumulative effects occurring at three successive stages of the olfactory language pathway: object perception, lexical-semantic integration, and verbalization. Understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms by which the language network interacts with olfaction can yield unique insights into the elusive nature of olfactory naming.
PMCID:4457599
PMID: 25979848
ISSN: 1879-307x
CID: 1935972
Response to Majid: Neurocognitive and Cultural Approaches to Odor Naming are Complementary [Letter]
PMID: 26440118
ISSN: 1879-307x
CID: 1935952
Reduced impact of emotion on choice behavior in presymptomatic BACHD rats, a transgenic rodent model for Huntington Disease
Executive dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms are hallmarks of Huntington disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder genetically characterized by expanded CAG repeats in the HTT gene. Using the BACHD rat model of HD (97 CAG-CAA repeats), the present research seeks to characterize the progressive emergence of decision-making impairments in a rat version of the Iowa Gambling Task (RGT) and the impact of emotional modulation, whether positive or negative, on choice behavior. The choice efficiency shown both by WT rats (independent of their age) and the youngest BACHD rats (2 and 8months old) evidenced that they are able to integrate outcomes of past decisions to determine expected reward values for each option. However, 18months old BACHD rats made fewer choices during the RGT session and were less efficient in choosing advantageous options than younger animals. Presenting either chocolate pellets or electrical footshocks half-way through a second RGT session reduced exploratory activity (inefficient nose-poking) and choices with a weaker effect on BACHD animals than on WT. Choice efficiency was left intact in transgenic rats. Our results bring new knowledge on executive impairments and impact of emotional state on decision-making at different stages of the disease, increasing the face-validity of the BACHD rat model.
PMID: 26463506
ISSN: 1095-9564
CID: 1934252
Frequent Comorbidity and Predictors of Social Anxiety in Persons With Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
OBJECTIVE: To determine if symptoms of social anxiety are distinct from negative symptoms of schizophrenia. METHOD: Fifty-three patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (diagnosed per DSM-IV criteria) and 37 healthy controls were examined with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) for social anxiety disorder and for the severity of social anxiety. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Chapman scales for physical and social anhedonia were also administered. Data were collected from 2005 to 2010 from inpatient and outpatient research centers at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York. RESULTS: Social anxiety disorder was elevated more than 10-fold in schizophrenia patients than in controls (37.7% of patients vs 2.9% of controls, P
PMCID:4732317
PMID: 26835173
ISSN: 2155-7772
CID: 1931972
US guidelines and updates on select psychiatric disorders [Meeting Abstract]
ISI:000367823900111
ISSN: 1435-165x
CID: 1930982
Treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [Meeting Abstract]
ISI:000367823900114
ISSN: 1435-165x
CID: 1930752
Predictors of cognitive decline in elderly depressives [Meeting Abstract]
Background: The APOE e4 allele, an established risk factor for AD, may act synergistically with depression to increase the risk for progressive cognitive decline and conversion to MCI/AD. However, these findings have been reported inconsistently. Methodological differences across studies, including in the definition of depression, failure to properly diagnose depression or AD, short duration of follow up, and possible inclusion of individuals with preexisting cognitive decline or MCI. These considerations prompted us to conduct a 3-year longitudinal prospective study in cognitively intact elderly individuals, who either had a diagnosis of MDD or were healthy controls, to determine if e4 and depression interacted with respect to progressive cognitive decline. We focused primarily on neurobehavioral tests sensitive to early AD and also examined the CSF total tau/Abeta42 ratio, which has been linked to incident MCI/AD-related decline. Methods: 91 participants were included in this study, age 60 and older, with an MMSE 28 at the beginning of the 3- year longitudinal investigation. 45 participants had a diagnosis of MDD. Participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery that included the Buschke Selective Reminding Test and Boston Naming Task at baseline and annually thereafter. APOE status on all and CSFAD biomarkers on a subset of subjects were determined at baseline. Regression analyses examining neuropsych change scores (baseline to follow-up) as functions of baseline characteristics. Results: Adjusting for age and MMSE score, participants with depression and carrying. Conclusions: Our results indicate that cognitively intact depressive e4 carriers have greater decline in selective cognitive tests especially in a confrontation naming task even during a relatively short three year longitudinal period compared to controls. Additionally, increased brain AD pathology as reflected by the CSF tau/Abeta42 ratio appeared to be associated with greater decline in memory performance in all depressives, regardless of APOE e4 status
EMBASE:72124686
ISSN: 1552-5260
CID: 1924912
