Faculty Bibliography
Searched for:
school:SOM
Department/Unit:Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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11432
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2014:53(8):910-9.DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.04.022
Copy number variation in obsessive-compulsive disorder and tourette syndrome: a cross-disorder study
OBJECTIVE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are heritable neurodevelopmental disorders with a partially shared genetic etiology. This study represents the first genome-wide investigation of large (>500 kb), rare (<1%) copy number variants (CNVs) in OCD and the largest genome-wide CNV analysis in TS to date. METHOD: The primary analyses used a cross-disorder design for 2,699 case patients (1,613 ascertained for OCD, 1,086 ascertained for TS) and 1,789 controls. Parental data facilitated a de novo analysis in 348 OCD trios. RESULTS: Although no global CNV burden was detected in the cross-disorder analysis or in secondary, disease-specific analyses, there was a 3.3-fold increased burden of large deletions previously associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders (p = .09). Half of these neurodevelopmental deletions were located in a single locus, 16p13.11 (5 case patient deletions: 0 control deletions, p = .08 in the current study, p = .025 compared to published controls). Three 16p13.11 deletions were confirmed de novo, providing further support for the etiological significance of this region. The overall OCD de novo rate was 1.4%, which is intermediate between published rates in controls (0.7%) and in individuals with autism or schizophrenia (2-4%). CONCLUSION: Several converging lines of evidence implicate 16p13.11 deletions in OCD, with weaker evidence for a role in TS. The trend toward increased overall neurodevelopmental CNV burden in TS and OCD suggests that deletions previously associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders may also contribute to these phenotypes.
PMCID:4218748
PMID: 25062598
ISSN: 0890-8567
CID: 1089552
Maternal regulation of infant brain state
Patterns of neural activity are critical for sculpting the immature brain, and disrupting this activity is believed to underlie neurodevelopmental disorders [1-3]. Neural circuits undergo extensive activity-dependent postnatal structural and functional changes [4-6]. The different forms of neural plasticity [7-9] underlying these changes have been linked to specific patterns of spatiotemporal activity. Since maternal behavior is the mammalian infant's major source of sensory-driven environmental stimulation and the quality of this care can dramatically affect neurobehavioral development [10], we explored, for the first time, whether infant cortical activity is influenced directly by interactions with the mother within the natural nest environment. We recorded spontaneous neocortical local field potentials in freely behaving infant rats during natural interactions with their mother on postnatal days approximately 12-19. We showed that maternal absence from the nest increased cortical desynchrony. Further isolating the pup by removing littermates induced further desynchronization. The mother's return to the nest reduced this desynchrony, and nipple attachment induced a further reduction but increased slow-wave activity. However, maternal simulation of pups (e.g., grooming and milk ejection) consistently produced rapid, transient cortical desynchrony. The magnitude of these maternal effects decreased with age. Finally, systemic blockade of noradrenergic beta receptors led to reduced maternal regulation of infant cortical activity. Our results demonstrate that during early development, mother-infant interactions can immediately affect infant brain activity, in part via a noradrenergic mechanism, suggesting a powerful influence of the maternal behavior and presence on circuit development.
PMCID:4108557
PMID: 24980504
ISSN: 0960-9822
CID: 1127412
Sustaining clinician penetration, attitudes and knowledge in cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety
BACKGROUND: Questions remain regarding the sustainment of evidence-based practices following implementation. The present study examined the sustainment of community clinicians' implementation (i.e., penetration) of cognitive-behavioral therapy, attitudes toward evidence-based practices, and knowledge of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety two years following training and consultation in cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety. METHODS: Of the original 115 participants, 50 individuals (43%) participated in the two-year follow-up. A t- test examined sustainment in penetration over time. Hierarchical linear modeling examined sustainment in knowledge and attitudes over time. Time spent in consultation sessions was examined as a potential moderator of the change in knowledge and attitudes. RESULTS: Findings indicated sustained self-reported penetration of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth, with low fidelity to some key CBT components (i.e., exposure tasks). Follow-up knowledge was higher than at baseline but lower than it had been immediately following the consultation phase of the study. Belief in the utility of evidence-based practices was sustained. Willingness to implement an evidence-based practice if required to do so, appeal of evidence-based practices, and openness toward evidence-based practices were not sustained. Participation in consultation positively moderated changes in knowledge and some attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Sustainment varied depending on the outcome examined. Generally, greater participation in consultation predicted greater sustainment. Implications for future training include higher dosages of consultation.
PMCID:4223397
PMID: 25030651
ISSN: 1748-5908
CID: 2398962
Can single incision laproscopic cholecystectomy replace the traditional four port laproscopic approach: a review
The major aim of surgeons has always been a minimalist approach towards surgery, thereby reducing the complications associated with the surgery. The gold standard treatment for cholelithiasis with cholecystitis is currently the four port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (4 PLC). Recently, a newer technique has been introduced which uses a single port, rather than the four ports, for the removal of the gall bladder laparoscopically; it is known as Single Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (SILC). This is a comparatively minimal approach towards surgery. Therefore the purpose of this review is to compare the advantages and the disadvantages of SILC versus 4PLC, and hence, to give an idea of whether SILC is ready to replace the traditional approach as the new treatment of choice.
PMCID:4825526
PMID: 25363123
ISSN: 1916-9736
CID: 5163062
Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms
[S.l.] : Elsevier Inc., 2014
pp. 591-637
ISBN: 9780123971791
CID: 2847842
The Impact of Children's Language Ability on Parent Cognitions and Harsh Discipline Practices
This study examined associations between children's language ability and maternal cognitions about the intentionality and aversiveness of child behaviour, and mothers' reported harsh discipline responses to child misbehaviour. We tested associations with each type of cognition separately as well as in a single model to explore their unique associations. Participants included 69 mothers and their 18- to 37-month-old children. Mothers completed the Parenting Scale and were asked to rate the aversiveness and intentionality cognitions in response to eight common toddler problem behaviours. The Preschool Language Scale was administered to the children by an objective evaluator. A path analysis demonstrated that children's language ability was associated with maternal intentionality cognitions about their children's behaviour, which, in turn, was associated with mothers' harsh discipline. These findings highlight the importance of examining developmental markers of harsh parenting
ISI:000340470900003
ISSN: 1522-7227
CID: 1753142
Response to letters regarding article, "Stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with transvenous pacemaker or defibrillator and echocardiographically detected patent foramen ovale" [Comment]
PMID: 25001630
ISSN: 1524-4539
CID: 4292932
Innovations in the Identification and Referral of Mothers at Risk for Depression: Development of a Peer-to-Peer Model
This paper describes a feasibility study of a peer-delivered prevention intervention to identify mothers at high risk for depression and facilitate engagement in mental health services for their emotional health. Sixteen family peer advocates and their supervisors partnered with academic researchers over a period of six months to develop a four-session intervention that focused on identifying symptoms of depression, providing education about depression and treatment, actively linking caregivers to treatment for their own emotional health, and assisting caregivers in becoming active participants in their mental health care. Collaborating with peers to develop the model enhanced its perceived relevance and utility, and resulted in an intervention that was complimentary to their roles and the mission of peer-delivered support services. Peer/professional partnerships may be beneficial for enhancing the feasibility and acceptability of research efforts; the impact of peers' participation in the current project and the need for future research to develop and study peer-delivered models is discussed.
PMCID:4043384
PMID: 24910508
ISSN: 1062-1024
CID: 1062102
The relationship between ethnicity and age of first concern in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder
The current study examined the relationship between ethnicity and the age at which parents first become concerned about their children's development in 1478 toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and atypical development. Based on the current findings, there were no racial/ethnic differences in age of parent's first concerns. Caregivers of toddlers with ASD first developed concerns around the same time independent of which ethnic groups they belong to. In addition, the age of caregivers' first concerns was significantly younger for those with ASD compared to those who are atypically developing without an ASD diagnosis. Implications regarding these findings are discussed. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISI:000337203600018
ISSN: 1878-0237
CID: 2690312
Increased Response-Time Variability Across Different Cognitive Tasks in Children With ADHD
Objective: Increased response-time (RT) fluctuations below 0.2 Hz have been reported as characteristic of ADHD in some but not all studies, possibly due to methodological differences. Accordingly, We contrasted two tasks and two analytical approaches in the same sample of children with ADHD. Method: Fifty-two children with ADHD and 49 typically developing children completed an Eriksen Flanker Task and a fixed-sequence version of the sustained attention to response task. RT fluctuations with two different frequency analyses were examined. Results: Robust ADHD-related increases of slow RT fluctuations within all frequencies were found in both tasks. Tasks were significantly correlated in both groups for frequencies above 0.07 Hz. RT fluctuations across all frequencies were greatest in children with ADHD with abnormally elevated omissions. Conclusion: We observed significantly increased fluctuations of RT in children with ADHD across two different tasks and methods supporting the hypothesis that slow frequency RT fluctuations reflect neurophysiological processes underlying ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2012; XX(X) 1-XX).
PMID: 22508759
ISSN: 1087-0547
CID: 422662
