Searched for: school:SOM
Department/Unit:Population Health
Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) in MS: Evaluation of a new visual test of rapid picture naming
Seay, Meagan; Akhand, Omar; Galetta, Matthew S; Cobbs, Lucy; Hasanaj, Lisena; Amorapanth, Prin; Rizzo, John-Ross; Nolan, Rachel; Serrano, Liliana; Rucker, Janet C; Galetta, Steven L; Balcer, Laura J
OBJECTIVE:The Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) is a test of rapid picture naming that is under investigation for concussion. MULES captures an extensive visual network, including pathways for eye movements, color perception, memory and object recognition. The purpose of this study was to introduce the MULES to visual assessment of patients with MS, and to examine associations with other tests of afferent and efferent visual function. METHODS:We administered the MULES in addition to binocular measures of low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA), high-contrast visual acuity (VA) and the King-Devick (K-D) test of rapid number naming in an MS cohort and in a group of disease-free controls. RESULTS:Among 24 patients with MS (median age 36 years, range 20-72, 64% female) and 22 disease-free controls (median age 34 years, range 19-59, 57% female), MULES test times were greater (worse) among the patients (60.0 vs. 40.0 s). Accounting for age, MS vs. control status was a predictor of MULES test times (P = .01, logistic regression). Faster testing times were noted among patients with MS who had greater (better) performance on binocular LCLA at 2.5% contrast (P < .001, linear regression, accounting for age), binocular high-contrast VA (P < .001), and K-D testing (P < .001). Both groups demonstrated approximately 10-s improvements in MULES test times between trials 1 and 2 (P < .0001, paired t-tests). CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:The MULES test, a complex task of rapid picture naming involves an extensive visual network that captures eye movements, color perception and the characterization of objects. Color recognition, a key component of this novel assessment, is early in object processing and requires area V4 and the inferior temporal projections. MULES scores reflect performance of LCLA, a widely-used measure of visual function in MS clinical trials. These results provide evidence that the MULES test can add efficient visual screening to the assessment of patients with MS.
PMID: 30193154
ISSN: 1878-5883
CID: 3271592
Mobile Mammography Participation Among Medically Underserved Women: A Systematic Review
Vang, Suzanne; Margolies, Laurie R; Jandorf, Lina
INTRODUCTION:Although breast cancer deaths have declined, the mortality rate among women from medically underserved communities is disproportionally high. Screening mammography is the most effective tool for detecting breast cancer in its early stages, yet many women from medically underserved communities do not have adequate access to screening mammograms. Mobile mammography may be able to bridge this gap by providing screening mammograms at no cost or low cost and delivering services to women in their own neighborhoods, thus eliminating cost and transportation barriers. The objective of this systematic review was to describe the scope and impact of mobile mammography programs in promoting mammographic screening participation among medically underserved women. METHODS:We searched electronic databases for English-language articles published in the United States from January 2010 through March 2018 by using the terms "mobile health unit," "mammogram," "mammography," and "breast cancer screening." Of the 93 articles initially identified, we screened 55; 16 were eligible to be assessed and 10 qualified for full text review and data extraction. Each study was coded for study purpose, research design, data collection, population targeted, location, sample size, outcomes, predictors, analytical methods, and findings. RESULTS:Of the 10 studies that qualified for review, 4 compared mobile mammography users with users of fixed units, and the other 6 characterized mobile mammography users only. All the mobile mammography units included reached underserved women. Most of the women screened in mobile units were African American or Latina, low income, and/or uninsured. Mobile mammography users reported low adherence to 1-year (12%-34%) and 2-year (40%-48%) screening guidelines. Some difficulties faced by mobile clinics were patient retention, patient follow-up of abnormal or inconclusive findings, and women inaccurately perceiving their breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION:Mobile mammography clinics may be effective at reaching medically underserved women. Adding patient navigation to mobile mammography programs may promote attendance at mobile sites and increase follow-up adherence. Efforts to promote mammographic screening should target women from racial/ethnic minority groups, women from low-income households, and uninsured women. Future research is needed to understand how to best improve visits to mobile mammography clinics.
PMCID:6266518
PMID: 30447104
ISSN: 1545-1151
CID: 5403832
Recent spatial gradients and time trends in Dhaka, Bangladesh air pollution and their human health implications
Rahman, Md Mostafijur; Mahamud, Shakil; Thurston, George D
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is among the most polluted cities in the world. This research evaluates seasonal patterns, day-of-week patterns, spatial gradients, and trends in PM2.5 (< 2.5µm in aerodynamic diameter), PM10 (< 10µm in aerodynamic diameter), and gaseous pollutants concentrations (SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) monitored in Dhaka from 2013 to 2017. It expands on past work by considering multiple monitoring sites and air pollutants. Except for ozone, the average concentrations of these pollutants showed strong seasonal variation, with maximum during winter and minimum during monsoon, with the pollution concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 being roughly 5-6 fold higher during winter vs. monsoon. Our comparisons of the pollutant concentrations with Bangladesh-NAAQS and US-NAAQS limits analysis indicate particulate matter (PM2.5 & PM10) as the air pollutants of greatest concern, as they frequently exceeded the Bangladesh-NAAQS and US-NAAQS, especially during non-monsoon time. In contrast, gaseous pollutants reported far fewer exceedances throughout the study period. During the study period, the highest number of exceedances of NAAQS limits in Dhaka city (Darus-Salam site) found for PM2.5 (72% of total study days), followed by PM10 (40% of total study days), O3 (1.7% of total study days), SO2 (0.38% of total study days), and CO (0.25% of total study days). The trend analyses results showed statistically significant positive slopes over time for SO2 [5.6 ppb yr-1, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.7, 10.5] and CO [0.32 ppm yr-1, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.56] which suggest increase in brick kilns operation and high sulfur diesel use. Though the statistically non-significant annual decreasing slopes for PM2.5 [-4.6 µg/m3 yr-1, 95% CI: -12.7, 3.6] & PM10 [-2.7 µg/m3 yr-1, 95% CI: -7.9, 2.5] were observed during this study period, the PM2.5 concentration is still too high (~82.0 µg/m3) and can cause severe impact on human health. Implications This study revealed key insights into air quality challenges across Dhaka, Bangladesh, indicating particulate matter (PM) as Dhaka's most serious air pollutant threat to human health. The results of these analyses indicate that there is a need for immediate further investigations, and action based on those investigations, including the conduct local epidemiological PM exposure-human health effects studies for this city, in order to determine the most public health effective interventions.
PMID: 30427285
ISSN: 2162-2906
CID: 3457242
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Murray, Christopher J. L.; Callender, Charlton S. K. H.; Kulikoff, Xie Rachel; Srinivasan, Vinay; Abate, Degu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abay, Solomon M.; Abbasi, Nooshin; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abdela, Jental; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdel-Rahman, Omar; Abdi, Alireza; Abdoli, Nasrin; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Haftom Temesgen; Abebe, Molla; Abebe, Zegeye; Abebo, Teshome Abuka; Abejie, Ayenew Negesse; Aboyans, Victor; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Abreu, Daisy Maria Xavier; Abrham, Aklilu Roba; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kolkou; Acharya, Pawan; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adhena, Beyene Meressa; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Adib, Mina C.; Adou, Arsene Kouablan; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afarideh, Mohsen; Afshin, Ashkan; Agarwal, Gina; Agesa, Kareha M.; Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Sayem; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Akanda, Ali S.; Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil; Akibu, Mohammed; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Akseer, Nadia; Alahdab, Fares; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alebel, Animut; Aleman, Alicia V.; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Ali, Raghib; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Almasi, Ali; Alonso, Jordi; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Ammar, Walid; Anber, Nahla Flamed; Andrei, Catalina Liliatta; Androudi, Sofia; Animut, Megbant Delialkie; Ansari, Hossein; Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw; Aremu, Olatunde; Areri, Habtamu Abera; Arian, Nicholas; Arnlov, Johan; Artaman, Al; Aryal, Krishna K.; Asayesh, Hamid; Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay; Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal; Assadi, Reza; Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari; Afique, Suleman; Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan; Ausloos, Marcel; Avokpaho, Euripide F. C. A.; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayele, Yohanes; Ayer, Rakesh; Ayuk, Tambe B.; Azzopardi, Peter S.; Babalola, Tesleem Kayode; Babazadeh, Arefeh; Radali, Hamid; Badawi, Alaa; Bali, Ayele Geleto; Ranach, Maciej; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barrero, Lope H.; Basaleem, Huda; Bassat, Quique; Basu, Arindam; Baune, Bernhard T.; Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw; Beghi, Ettore; Behzadifar, Masoud; Belazadifar, Meysam; Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Belachew, Abate Bekele; Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus; Belay, Ezra; Belay, Saba Abrahant; Belay, Yihalem Abebe; Bell, Michelle L.; Bello, Aminu K.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Bergeron, Gilles; Berhane, Adugnaw; Berman, Adam E.; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bernstein, Robert S.; Bertolacci, Gregory J.; Beuran, Mircea; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Bhutia, Zulltiqar A.; Biadgo, Belete; Bijani, Ali; Rikbov, Boris; Bililign, Nigus; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shandaat; Birlik, Sait Mentes; Birungi, Charles; Diswas, Tuhin; Bizuneh, Hailemichael; Bleyer, Archie; Basara, Berrak Bora; Bosetti, Cristina; Boufous, Soufiane; Brady, Oliver J.; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Brainin, Michael; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Brenner, Hermann; Brewer, Jetty D.; Briant, Paul Svitil; Britton, Gabrielle; Burstein, Roy; Busse, Reinhard; Riff, Zahid A.; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano; Cano, Jorge; Car, Mate; Cardenas, Rosario; Carrero, Juan J.; Carvalho, Felix; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Castro, Franz; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Cavin, Alanur; Cerin, Ester; Chalek, Julian; Chang, Hsing-Yi; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chattopadhyay, Aparajita; Chaturvedi, Pankaj; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chin, Ken Lee; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Choi, Jee-Young J.; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Cicuttini, Flavia M.; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Claro, Rafael M.; Collado-Mateo, Daniel; Constantin, Maria-Magdalena; Conti, Sara; Cooper, Cyrus; Cooper, Leslie Trumbull; Cornaby, Leslie; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Cortinovis, Monica; Costa, Megan; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Crowe, Christopher Stephen; Cukelj, Petra; Cunningham, Matthew; Daba, Alemneh Kabeta; Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dargan, Paul I.; Daryani, Ahmad; Das Gupta, Raja T.; Das Neves, Jose; Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye; Dash, Aditya Prasad; Weaver, Nicole Davis; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Daffetov, Kairat; De Leo, Diego; De Neve, Jan Walter; Degefa, Meaza Ginna; Degenhardt, Louisa; Degfie, Tizta Tilahun; Deiparine, Selina; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Demtsu, Eakin; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Deribe, Kebede; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Dharniaratne, Samath D.; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dicker, Daniel; Ding, Eric L.; Dinsa, Ginnaye Deye; Djalalinia, Shirin; Huyen Phuc Do; Dokova, Klara; Doku, David Teye; Dolan, Kate A.; Doyle, Kerrie E.; Driscoll, Tint R.; Dubey, Manisha; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Duken, Eyasu Neff; Duraes, Andre R.; Ebrahimpour, Soheil; Edvardsson, David; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; El-Khatib, Ziad; Elyazar, Iqbal Rf; Enayati, Ahmadali; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esmaeili, Reza; Esteghamati, Alireza; Esteghamati, Sadaf; Estep, Kara; Fakhim, Hamed; Farag, Tamer; Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Fareed, Mohammad; Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa; Faro, Andre; Farvid, Maryam S.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein; Fay, Kairsten A.; Fazeli, Mir Sohail; Feigin, Valery I.; Feigl, Andrea B.; Feizy, Fariba; Fenny, Ama P.; Fentahun, Netsanet; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Femandes, Eduarda; Feyissa, Garumma Tolu; Filip, Irina; Finegold, Samuel; Fischer, Florian; Flor, Luisa Sorio; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Foreman, Kyle J.; Fornari, Carla; Furst, Thomas; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fuller, John E.; Fullman, Nancy; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Gallus, Silvano; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Ganji, Morsaleh; Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho; Garcia, Gregory N.; Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A.; Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Gebre, Teshome; Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe; Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde; Gebremedhin, Amanttel Tesfay; Gelano, Tilayie Feto; Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa; Geleijnse, 'Johanna N.; Genova-Maleras, Ricard; Gething, Peter; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul; Ghadimi, Reza; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Falavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi; Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam; Ghiasvand, Hesam; Ghimire, Mamata; Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K.; Giussani, Giorgia; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.; Goli, Srinivas; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago; Gomez-Dantes, Hector; Gona, Philimon N.; Goodridge, Amador; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Niegia, Barbara; Goulart, Garcia; Grada, Ayman; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gugnani, Harish Chander C.; Guo, Jingwen; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Tanush; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hachinski, Vladimir; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hagos, Tekleberhan B.; Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Hamidi, Sarver; Handal, Alexis J.; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hao, Yuantao; Harb, Hilda I.; Haririan, Hamidreza; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasan, Mehedi; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Havrnoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Simon I.; He, Yihua; Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar; Hegazy, Mohamed I.; Heibati, Behzad; Heidari, Behnam; Hendrie, Delia; Henok, Andualem; Henry, Nathaniel J.; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Hibstu, Desalegn T.; Hole, Michael K.; Rad, Enayatollah Homaie; Hoogar, Praveen; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa; Chavoshi, Meimanat M. Hosseini; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hsiao, Thomas; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, John J.; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Igumbor, Ehimario U.; Ikeda, Chad Thomas; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Iqbal, Usman; Irenso, Asnake Ararsa; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Isehunwa, Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Sharifhl; Jahangiry, Leila; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jam, Sudhir Kumar; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalu, Moti Tolera; James, Spencer L.; Jassal, Simerjot K.; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Ji, John S.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jungari, Suresh Banayya; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Zubair; Kadel, Rajendra; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalani, Rizwan; Kapil, Umesh; Karami, Manoochehr; Martin, Behead Karami; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine; Karimi, Seyed M.; Kasacian, Amir; Kassa, Dessalegn H.; Kassa, Getachew Muilu; Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kastor, Anshul; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Kebede, Seifu; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemp, Grant Rodgers; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Kereselidze, Maia; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajavi, Alireza; Khalid, Nauman; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Hang, Young-Ho K.; Khanna, Tripti; Khater, Mona M.; Khatony, Alireza; Khazaeipour, Zahra; Khazaie, Habibolah; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Kibret, Getiye D.; Kidenemariam, Zelalem Teklemariam; Kiirithio, Daniel N.; Kilgore, Paul Evan; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Jun Y.; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kinra, Sanjay; Kisa, Adnan; Kivimaki, Mika; Kochhar, Sonli; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolola, Tufa; Kopec, Jacek A.; Kosek, Margaret N.; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnaswami, Sanjay; Krohn, Kristopher J.; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kumsa, Fekede Asefa; Kutz, Michael J.; Lad, Sheetal D.; Lafranconi, Alessandra; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lam, Hilton; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lang, Justin J.; Lansky, Sonia; Lansingh, Van C.; Laryea, Dennis Odai; Lassi, Zohra S.; Latifi, Arman; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Lee, James B.; Lee, Paul H.; Leigh, James; Leshargie, Cheru Tesema; Leta, Samson; Levi, Miriam; Li, Shanshan; Li, Xiaohong; Li, Yichong; Liang, Juan; Liang, Xiaofeng; Liben, Misgan Iegesse; Lim, Lee-Ling; Limenih, Miteku Andualem; Linn, Shai; Liu, Shiwei; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Rafael; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Mabika, Crispin Mabika; Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King; Mackay, Mark T.; Madotto, Fabiana; Mahmood, Tarek Abd Elaziz; Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur; Majdan, Marek; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malik, Manzoor Ahmad; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Mariano, Wondimu Ayele; Manda, Ana-Laura; Mangalam, Srikanth; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher; Marami, Dadi; Maravilla, Joemer C.; Marcenes, Wagner; Marina, Shakhnazarova; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Martz, Winfried; Marzan, Melvin B.; Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa; Masiye, Felix; Mason-Jones, Amanda J.; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mathur, Mann Raj; Main, Pallab K.; Mazidi, Mohsen; McGrath, John J.; Mehata, Suresh; Mehendale, Sanjay Madhav; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mehrzadi, Saeed; Mehta, Kala M.; Mehta, Varshil; Mekonnen, Tefera C.; Meles, Hagazi Gebre; Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam; Melese, Addisu; Melku, Mulugeta; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Mengesha, Melkamu Merid; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mengistu, Getnet; Mensah, George A.; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Miangotar, Yode; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Miller, Ted R.; Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine; Mini, G. K.; Mirabi, Parvaneh; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Moazen, Bahak; Mohammad, Karzan Abduhmuhsin; Mohammadi, Moslem; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohanmmdi-Khanaposhtani, Marysm; Mohammed, A. Mohammed; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mokdad, Ali H.; Mola, Glen Dl; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Montanez, Julio Cesar; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi, Mahmoudreza; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradinazar, Mehdi; Moraga, Paula; Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana; Mori, Rintaro; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mosapour, Abbas; Moschos, Marilita M.; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Muche, Achenef Asmamaw; Muchie, Kindle Fentahun; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath; Murphy, Tasha B.; Muller, Kate; Murthy, G. V. S.; Musa, Jonah; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Nachega, Jean B.; Nagel, Gabriele; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naheed, Aliya; Nahnjou, Azin; Naik, Gurudatta; Naik, Paulami; Najafi, Farid; Naldi, Luigi; Nangia, Vinay; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Naschnento, Bruno Ramos; Nawaz, Haseeb; Ncama, Busisiwe P.; Neamati, Nahid; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Neupane, Subas; Newton, Charles Richard James; Ngalesoni, Frida N.; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.; Nguyen, Grant; Long Hoang Nguyen; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Nisar, Muhammad Miran; Nixon, Molly R.; Nomura, Shuhei; Noroozi, Mehdi; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nouri, Hamid Reza; Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour; Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza; Nyandwi, Alypio; Nyasulu, Peter S.; Odell, Christopher M.; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Okoro, Anselm; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olagunju, Tinuke O.; Olivares, Pedro R.; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Ong, Sok King; Ortiz, Alberto; Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron; Ota, Erika; Otieno, Brenda Achieng; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel; Pakhale, Mahesh P. A. Smita; Pakhare, Abhijtt P.; Pana, Adrian; Panda, Basant Kumar; Panda-Jonas, Songhomina; Pandey, Achyut Raj; Park, Eun-Kee; Parsian, Hadi; Patel, Shanti; Patil, Snehal T.; Patle, Ajay; Patton, George C.; Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao; Paudel, Deepak; Pedroso, Marcel Moraes; Peprah, Emmanuel K.; Pereira, David M.; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petri, William A.; Petzold, Max; Pierce, Maxwell; Pigott, David M.; Pillay, Julian David; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourmalek, Farshad; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Prakash, Swayam; Prasad, Narayan; Purcell, Caroline A.; Purwar, Manorama B.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quansah, Reginald; Radfar, Arnir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahimi-Movaghah, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Md Shafiur; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajati, Fatemeh; Rajsic, Sasa; Ram, Usha; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranjan, Prabhat; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Ray, Sarah E.; Razo-Garcia, Christian; Reiner, Robert C.; Reis, Cesar; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaei, Satar; Rezaeian, Shahab; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus; Roba, Kedir Teji; Roberts, Nicholas L. S.; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rostami, Ali; Rubagotti, Enrico; Ruhago, George Mugambage; Sabde, Yogesh Damodar; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Saddik, Basema; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Safari, Hosein; Safari, Yahya; Safari-Faramani, Roya; Safdarian, Mandi; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Sagan, Rajesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sajadi, Haniye Sadat; Salahshoor, Mohamadreza; Salam, Nasir; Salama, Joseph S.; Salamati, Payman; Saldanha, Raphael De Freitas; Sateen, Zikria; Salimi, Yahya; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Salomon, Joshua A.; Santosh, Sundeep Salvi; Salz, Inbal; Sanibala, Evanson Zondani; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores; Santos, Itamar S.; Milicevic, Milena M. 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A.; Wu, Shouling; Wyper, Grant M. A.; Xu, Gelin; Yamada, Tomohide; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yasin, Yasin Jemal; Ye, Pengpeng; Yentur, Gokalp Kadri; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yimer, Ebrahim M.; Yip, Paul; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Yotebieng, Marcel; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Yu, Chuanhua; Zadnik, Vesna; Zaidi, Zoubida; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zamani, Mohammad; Zare, Zohreh; Zeleke, Mulugeta Mona; Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew; Zerfu, Taddese Alemu; Zhang, Xueying; Zhao, Xiu-Ju; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Jun; Zimsen, Stephanie R. M.; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zoeckler, Leo; Lopez, Alan D.; Lim, Stephen S.
Background Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. ISI:000449710900008
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 3493162
Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kutz, Michael J.; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Lachat, Carl; Lad, Deepesh P.; Lad, Sheetal D.; Lafranconi, Alessandra; Lagat, Abraham K.; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lam, Hilton; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lamichhane, Prabhat; Lan, Qing; Lang, Justin J.; Lansingh, Van C.; Lansky, Sonia; Larson, Heidi J.; Larsson, Anders; Laryea, Dennis Odai; Lassi, Zohra S.; Latifi, Arman; Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Leasher, Janet L.; Lebedev, Georgy; Ledesma, Jorge R.; Lee, James B.; Lee, Paul H.; Leever, Andrew T.; Leigh, James; Leinsalu, Mall; Leshargie, Chem Tesema; Leung, Janni; Lewycka, Sonia; Li, Shanshan; Li, Xiaohong; Li, Yichong; Liang, Juan; Hang, Xiaofeng; Liben, Misgan Legesse; Lim, Lee-Ling; Limenih, Miteku Andualem; Linn, Shai; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Yang; Lodha, Rakesh; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lopez, Alan D.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lucchesi, Lydia R.; Lyons, Ronan A.; Macarayan, Ellyn Rachelle King; Mackay, Mark T.; Maddison, Emilie R.; Madotto, Fabiana; Maghavani, Dhaval P.; Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos; Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur; Majdan, Marek; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeern; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvallo; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Manda, Ana-Laura; Rano-Filho, Luiz Garcia Manda; Mangalam, Srikanth; Manguerra, Helena; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher; Maravilla, Joemer C.; Marcenes, Wagner; Marks, Ashley; Martin, Randall V.; Martins, Sheila C. O.; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Madopullo, Ira; Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mathin, Mann Raj; Maulik, Pallab K.; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Colm; McGrath, John J.; McKee, Martin; McMahon, Brian J.; Mehata, Suresh; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mehta, Kala M.; Mehta, Varshil; Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola; Mekonen, Tesfa; Mekonnen, Tefera C. Chaise; Meles, Hagazi Gebre; Melese, Addisu; Melku, Mulugeta; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mengistu, Getnet; Mensah, George A.; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Millear, Anoushka I.; Miller, Ted R.; Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine; Milne, George J.; Mini, G. K.; Minnig, Shawn P.; Mirabi, Parvaneh; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mintakhimoty, Erkin M.; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Mitchell, Philip B.; Moazen, Babak; Moghadamnia, Ali Akbar; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammadi, Moslem; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa; Mohammed, Mohammed A.; Mohammed, Shafm; Mohan, Murali B. V.; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mohebi, Farnam; Moltra, Modhurima; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Montanez, Julio Cesar; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi, Mahmoudreza; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradinazar, Mehdi; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Morgado-da-Costa, Joana; Morisaki, Naho; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mosapour, Abbas; Moschos, Marilita M.; Mountjoy-Venning, W. Cliff; Mouodi, Simin; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Muche, Achenef Asmamaw; Muchie, Kindle Fentahun; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Muhammed, Ottmer Sada S.; Mukhopadhyay, Satnada; Mullany, Erin C.; Muller, Kate; Mumford, John Everett; Murhekar, Manoj; Murthy, G. V. S.; Murthy, Srinivas; Musa, Jonah; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Nabhan, Ashraf F.; Nachega, Jean B.; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nagel, Gabriele; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naheed, Aliya; Nahvijou, Azin; Naidoo, Kovin; Naik, Gurudatta; Naik, Nitish; Najafi, Farid; Naldi, Luigi; Nam, Hae Sung; Nangia, Vinay; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Nawaz, Haseeb; Neamati, Nahid; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Neupane, Subas; Newton, Charles Richard James; Ngalesoni, Frida N.; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.; Anh Nguyen; Nguyen, Grant; Ha Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Huong Thanh Nguyen; Minh Nguyen; Nichols, Emma; Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Nixon, Molly R.; Nolutshungu, Nomonde; Nomura, Marika; Norheim, Ole F.; Noroozi, Mehdi; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nouri, Hamid Reza; Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour; Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza; Nyasulu, Peter S.; Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Okoro, Anselm; Oladimeji, Kelechi E.; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olagunju, Tinuke; Olivares, Pedro R.; Olsen, Helen Elizabeth; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Ong, Kanyin L.; Ong, Sok King; Oommen, Ann Mary; Opio, John Nelson; Oren, Eyal; Oros, Andrei; Ortega-Altamirano, Doris D. V.; Ortiz, Alberto; Ortiz, Justin R.; Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo; Ota, Erika; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Mahesh, P. A.; Pakhale, Smita; Pakhare, Abhijit P.; Pan, Wen-Hain; Pana, Adrian; Panda, Basant Kumar; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandian, Jeyaraj Dural; Papantoniou, Nikolaos; Park, Eun-Kee; Parry, Charles D. H.; Parsian, Hadi; Patel, Shanti; Pati, Sanghamitra; Patle, Ajay; Patton, George C.; Paturi, Vishnupriya Rio; Paudel, Deepak; Paulson, Katherine R.; Pearce, Neil; Peprah, Emmanuel K.; Pereira, David M.; Perico, Norberto; Pervaiz, Aslam; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petri, William A.; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael R.; Pigott, David M.; Pillay, Julian David; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Pletcher, Martin; Pond, Constance Dimity; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Prakash, Swayam; Prasad, Narayan; Purcell, Caroline A.; Pyakurel, Manisa; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quansah, Reginald; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Kazem; Rahimi-Movaghar, Marin; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Kid Shafiur; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajati, Fatemeh; Rajsic, Sasa; Ram, Usha; Rana, Salcern M.; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranjan, Prabhat; Rasella, Davide; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Razo-Garcia, Christian; Reddy, K. Srinath; Reiner, Robert C.; Reis, Cesar; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam; Rezaei, Satan; Rezaeian, Shahab; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.; Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus; Roba, Ked Teji; Roberts, Nicholas L. S.; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rostami, Ali; Roth, Gregory A.; Roy, Ambuj; Rubagotti, Enrico; Ruhago, George Mugambage; Sabde, Yogesh Damodar; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Ehsan; Safari, Hosein; Safari, Yahya; Safari-Faramani, Roya; Safdarian, Mandi; Safi, Sane; Safiri, Saeid; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sajadi, Haniye Sadat; Salam, Nasir; Salama, Joseph S.; Salamati, Payman; Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas; Saleem, Zikria; Salimi, Yahya; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Salomon, Joshua A.; Salvi, Sundeep Santosh; Satz, Inbal; Sambala, Evanson Zondani; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Nino, Maria Dolores Sanchez; Santos, Itamar S.; Milicevic, Milena M. Santric; Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao; Sardana, Mayank; Sarker, Abdur Razzaque; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sartorius, Benn; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Sathian, Brijesh; Satpathy, Maheswar; Savic, Miloje; Sawant, Arundhati R.; Sawhney, Monika; Saxena, Sonia; Saylan, Mete; Sayyah, Mehdi; Schaeffner, Elke; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schneider, Ione J. C.; Schotffer, Ben; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Schwebel, David C.; Schwendicke, Falk; Seedat, Soraya; Sekerija, Mario; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Servan-Mori, Edson; Seyedmousavi, Seyedrnojtaba; Shabaninejad, Hosein; Shackelford, Katya Anne; Shafieesabet, Azadeh; Shaheen, Amira A.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsi, Mohammad Bagher; Shamsizadeff, Morteza; Sharafi, Heidar; Sharaff, Kiomars; Sharif, Mehdi; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mandi; Sharma, Jayendra; Sharma, Rajesh; Sharma, Sharad Kumar; She, Jun; Sheikh, Aziz; Shey, Muki Shehu; Shi, Peilin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shields, Chloe; Shifa, Ghana Temm; Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Rahman; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shirude, Shreya; Shishani, Kawkab; Shiue, Ivy; Shokraneh, Farhad; Shoman, Haitham; Shrime, Mark G.; Shukla, Sharvari Rahul; Si, Si; Siabani, Soraya; Sibai, Abla Mehio; Siddiqi, Tariq J.; Sigfusdottir, Toga Dora; Silpakit, Naris; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Joao Pedro; da Silva, Natacha Torres; Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Narinder Pal; Singh, Om Prakash; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Singh, Virendra; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Skiadaresi, Eirini; Sliwa, Karen; Smith, Amanda E.; Smith, Mari; Soares Filho, Adauto Martins; Sobaih, Badr Hasan; Sobhani, Soheila; Soljak, Michael; Sooff, Moslem; Soosaraei, Masoud; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Soriano, Joan B.; Soshnikov, Sergey; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Spinelli, Angela; Sposato, Luciano A.; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Srinivasan, Raghavendra Guru; Srinivasan, Vinay; Stanaway, Jeffrey D.; Starodubov, Vladimir I.; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Steckling, Nadine; Stein, Dan J.; Stewart, Leo G.; Stockfelt, Leo; Stokes, Mark A.; Straif, Kurt; Sudaryanto, Agus; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Sunguya, Bruno F.; Sur, Patrick John; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Sykes, Bryan L.; Sylaja, P. N.; Sylte, Dillon; Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadakamatha, Santosh Kumar; Tamirat, Koku Sisay; Tandon, Nikhil; Tanser, Frank C.; Tassew, Aberash Abay; Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taveira, Nuno; Tawye, Nega Timer; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw; Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin; Temesgen, Habtamu; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Temsah, Omar; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Teshale, Manaye Yihune; Teshome, Destaw Fetene; Tessema, Belay; Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu; Thakur, Jamail Singh; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Theis, Andrew; Thintnavukkarasu, Sathish; Thomas, Laura Anne; Thomas, Nihal; Thomson, Alan J.; Thrift, Amanda C.; Tilahun, Binyam; To, Quyen G.; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Torre, Anna E.; Tortajada-Girbes, Miguel; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Towbin, Jeffrey A.; Bach Xuan Tran; Khanh Bao Tran; Tung Thanh Tran; Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad; Troeger, Christopher E.; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Tuzcu, E. Murat; Tymeson, Hayley D.; Ukwaja, Kingsley N.; Ullah, Irfan; Updike, Rachel I.; Usman, Muhammad Shariq; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Vaduganathan, Muthiah; Vaezi, Afsane; Vaidya, Gaurang; Valdez, Pascual R.; van Donkelaar, Aaron; Varavikova, Elena; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Vidavalur, Ramesh; Villafaina, Santos; Violante, Francesco S.; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Vlassov, Vasily; Vollmer, Sebastian; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vbs, Theo; Vosoughi, Kia; Vujcic, Isidora S.; Wagner, Gregory R.; Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw; Waheed, Yasir; Watson, Judd I.; Wang, Yanping; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Wassie, Molla Mesele; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert G.; Weiss, Jordan; Weldegebreal, Fitsum; Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey; Werdecker, Andrea; Ayaliew, Adhena; West, Werkneff T. Loin; Westerman, Ronny; Whisnant, Joanna L.; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Widecka, Justyna; Widecka, Katarzyna; Wijeratne, Tissa; Wither, Lauren B.; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Wiyeh, Alison B.; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wolde, Haileab Fekadu; Wolfe, Charles D. A.; Wu, Shouling; Xavier, Denis; Xu, Gelin; Xu, Rising; Yadollahpour, Ali; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yakob, Bereket; Yamada, Tomohide; Tan, Lijing L.; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yasin, Yasin Jemal; Ye, Pengpeng; Tearwood, Jamal A.; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yimer, Ebrahirn M.; Yip, Paul; Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Tonga, Gerald; Toon, Seok-Jun; Yotebieng, Marcel; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Yu, Chuanhua; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zamani, Mohammad; Zara, Zohreh; Zavala-Arciniega, Luis; Zegeye, Desalegn Tegabu; Zegeye, Elias Asfaw; Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw; Zendehdel, Kazem; Zerfit, Taddese Alemu; Zhang, Anthony Lin; Zhang, Xiteying; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Jun; Zimsen, Stephanie R. M.; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zoeckler, Leo; Zucker, Inbar; Zuhlke, Liesel Joanna J.; Lim, Stephen S.; Murray, Christopher J. L.
Background Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health -related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. ISI:000449710900010
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 3493152
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
James, Spencer L. G.; Abate, Degu; Abate, Kalkidan Hessen; Abay, Solomon M.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbasi, Nooshin; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdela, Jemal; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Zegeye; Abera, Semaw F.; Abil, Olifan Zewdie; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Acharya, Dilaram; Acharya, Pawan; Ackerman, Ilana N.; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adib, Mina G.; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko; Afarideh, Mohsen; Afshin, Ashkan; Agarwal, Gina; Agesa, Kareha M.; Aggarwal, Rakesh; Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Akseer, Nadia; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Alahdab, Fares; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Tahiya; Alashi, Alaa; Alavian, Seyed Moayed; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Alouani, Mohamed M. L.; Altirkawi, Khalid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Aminde, Leopold N.; Ammar, Walid; Amoako, Yaw Ampem; Anber, Nahla Hamed; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Androudi, Sofia; Animut, Megbaru Debalkie; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anwari, Palwasha; Arabloo, Jalal; Arauz, Antonio; Aremu, Olatunde; Ariani, Filippo; Armoon, Bahram; Arnlov, Johan; Arora, Amit; Artaman, Al; Aryal, Krishna K.; Asayesh, Hamid; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Ataro, Zerihun; Atre, Sachin R.; Ausloos, Marcel; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintanilla, Beanie Paulina Ayala; Ayer, Rakesh; Azzopardi, Peter S.; Babazadeh, Arefeh; Badali, Hamid; Badawi, Alaa; Bali, Ayele Geleto; Ballesteros, Katherine E.; Ballew, Shoshana H.; Banach, Maciej; Banoub, Joseph Adel Matter; Banstola, Amrit; Barac, Aleksandra; Barboza, Miguel A.; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barrero, Lope H.; Baune, Bernhard T.; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Meysam; Bejot, Yannick; Belachew, Abate Bekele; Belay, Yihalem Abebe; Bel, Michelle L.; Bello, Aminu K.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bernstein, Robert S.; Beuran, Mircea; Beyranvand, Tina; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Biadgo, Belete; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Bilano, Ver; Bililign, Nigus; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shandaat; Bisanzio, Donal; Blacker, Brigette F.; Blyth, Fiona M.; Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R.; Boufous, Soufiane; Bourne, Rupert; Brady, Oliver J.; Brainin, Michael; Brant, Luisa C.; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Brenner, Hermann; Briant, Paul Svitil; Briggs, Andrew M.; Briko, Audrey Nikolaevich; Britton, Gabrielle; Brugha, Traolach; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Busse, Reinhard; Butt, Zahid A.; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Cano, Jorge; Cardenas, Rosario; Carrero, Juan J.; Carter, Austin; Carvalho, Felix; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Castro, Franz; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Cercy, Kelly M.; Cerin, Ester; Chaiah, Yazan; Chang, Alex R.; Chang, Hsing-Yi; Chang, Jung-Chen; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chattopadhyay, Aparajita; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaturvedi, Pankaj; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chin, Ken Lee; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Choi, Jee-Young J.; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Cicuttini, Flavia M.; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Claro, Rafael M.; Collado-Mateo, Daniel; Cooper, Cyrus; Coresh, Josef; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Cortinovis, Monica; Costa, Megan; Cousin, Ewerton; Criqui, Michael H.; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Cross, Marita; Crump, John A.; Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dargan, Paul I.; Daryani, Ahmad; Das Gupta, Rajat; Das Neves, Jose; Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye; Davey, Gail; Davis, Adrian C.; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; De Courten, Barbora; De La Hoz, Fernando Pio; De Leo, Diego; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Degefa, Meaza Girma; Degenhardt, Louisa; Deiparine, Selina; Dellavalle, Robert P.; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Deribe, Kebede; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Jarlais, Don C. Des; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Dey, Subhojit; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese; Dirac, M. Ashworth; Djalalinia, Shirin; Doan, Linh; Dokova, Klara; Doku, David Teye; Dorsey, E. Ray; Doyle, Kerrie E.; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dubey, Manisha; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Duken, Eyasu Ejeta; Duncan, Bruce B.; Duraes, Andre R.; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Ebrahimpour, Soheil; Echko, Michelle Marie; Edvardsson, David; Effiong, Andem; Ehrlich, Joshua R.; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; El-Khatib, Ziad; Elkout, Hajer; Elvazar, Iqbal R. F.; Enayati, Ahmadali; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Er, Benjamin; Erskine, Holly E.; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esteghamati, Alireza; Esteghamati, Sadaf; Fakhim, Hamed; Omrani, Vahid Fallah; Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Fareed, Mohammad; Farhadi, Farzaneh; Farid, Talha A.; Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa; Farioli, Andrea; Faro, Andre; Farvid, Maryam S.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Feigin, Valery L.; Fentahun, Netsanet; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Fernandes, Joao C.; Ferrari, Alice J.; Feyissa, Garumma Tolu; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Foreman, Kyle J.; Fox, Jack; Frank, Tahvi D.; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fullman, Nancy; Furst, Thomas; Furtado, Joao M.; Futran, Neal D.; Gall, Seana; Ganji, Morsaleh; Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Gardner, William M.; Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo; Gelano, Tilayie Feto; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Genova-Maleras, Ricard; Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea; Gething, Peter W.; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Falavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi; Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam; Ghimire, Mamata; Ghosh, Rakesh; Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal; Giampaoli, Simona; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K.; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed; Giussani, Giorgia; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Goli, Srinivas; Gomez-Dantes, Hector; Gona, Philimon N.; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gorman, Taren M.; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia; Grada, Ayman; Grams, Morgan E.; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Tanush; Gyawali, Bishal; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hachinski, Vladimir; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast; Hagos, Tekleberhan B.; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Hamidi, Samer; Handal, Alexis J.; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hao, Yuantao; Harb, Hilda L.; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasan, Mehedi; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hawley, Caitlin N.; Hay, Roderick J.; Hay, Simon I.; Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar; Heibati, Behzad; Hendrie, Delia; Henok, Andualem; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Sousan; Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw; Huong Thanh Hoang; Hoek, Hans W.; Hoffman, Howard J.; Hole, Michael K.; Rad, Enayatollah Homaie; Hoogar, Praveen; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaeia; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hotez, Peter J.; Hoy, Damian G.; Hsairi, Mohamed; Htet, Aung Soe; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, John J.; Humh, Chantal K.; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Ikeda, Chad Thomas; Ileanu, Bogdan; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Iqbal, Usman; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Sharifhl; Islami, Farhad; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jahangiry, Lena; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jain, Sudhir Kumar; Jalkovnevic, Mihajlo; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Ji, John S.; Johnson, Catherine O.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jungari, Suresh Banayya; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Zubair; Kadel, Rajendra; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalani, Rizwan; Kanchan, Tanuj; Karami, Manoochehr; Matin, Behead Karami; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine; Karimi, Narges; Karimi, Seyed M.; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassa, Dessalegn H.; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kawakami, Norito; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Keighobadi, Masoud Masoud; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemmer, Laura; Kemp, Grant Rodgers; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaei, Behzad; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajavi, Alireza; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Khan, Muhammad Ali; Khang, Young-Ho; Khazaei, Mohammad; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.; Kiirithio, Daniel N.; Kim, Cho-Il; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Pauline; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kisa, Adnan; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kivimaki, Mika; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kocarnik, Jonathan M.; Kochhar, Sonali; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolola, Tufa; Kopec, Jacek A.; Kosen, Soewarta; Kotsakis, Georgios A.; Koul, Pareaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael A.; Krishan, Kewal; Krohn, Kristopher J.; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Lad, Deepesh P.; Lad, Sheetal D.; Iofranconi, Alessandra; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lansingh, Van C.; Latifi, Arman; Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Leasher, Janet L.; Ledesma, Jorge R.; Lee, Paul H.; Leigh, James; Leung, Janni; Levi, Miriam; Lewycka, Sonia; Li, Shanshan; Li, Yichong; Liao, Yu; Liben, Misgan Ingesse; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S.; Liu, Shiwei; Lodha, Rakesh; Looker, Katharine J.; Lopez, Alan D.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Low, Nicola; Lozano, Rafael; Lucas, Tim C. D.; Lucchesi, Lydia R.; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lyons, Ronan A.; Ma, Stefan; Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King; Mackay, Mark T.; Madotto, Fabiana; Abd El Razelk, Hassan Magdy; Abd El Razek, Muhammad Magdy; Maghavani, Dhaval P.; Malootra, Narayan Bahadur; Mai, Hue Tin; Majdan, Marek; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Manda, Ana-Laura; Manguerra, Helena; Manhertz, Treh; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher; Maravilla, Joemer C.; Marcenes, Wagner; Marks, Ashley; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Martopullo, Ira; Maerz, Winfried; Marzan, Melvin B.; Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mathur, Mann Raj; Matsushita, Kunihiro; Maulik, Pallab K.; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Cohn; McGrath, John J.; McKee, Martin; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mehta, Kala Vi; Mehta, Varshil; Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola; Mekonen, Tesfa; Melese, Addisu; Melku, Mulugeta; Meltzer, Michele; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mengistu, Getnet; Mensah, George A.; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Millear, Anoushka I.; Miller, Ted R.; Miltz, Benjamin; Mini, G. K.; Mirarefin, Mojde; Minakhimov, Erkin M.; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Mitchell, Philip B.; Mitiku, Habtamu; Moazen, Babak; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa; Mohammed, Mohammed A.; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohebi, Farnam; Moitra, Modhurima; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moodley, Yoshan; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradinazar, Mehdi; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Velasquez, Ilais Moreno; Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Moschos, Marilita M.; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Mruts, Kalayu Brhane; Muche, Achenef Asmamaw; Muchie, Kindie Fentahun; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mohammed, Oumer Sada; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath; Muller, Kate; Mumford, John Everett; Murhekar, Manoj; Musa, Jonah; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam; Nabhan, Ashraf F.; Nagata, Chie; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naheed, Atiya; Nahvijou, Azin; Naik, Guntdatta; Naik, Nitish; Najah, Farid; Naldi, Luigi; Nam, Hae Sung; Nangia, Vinay; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan; Neamati, Nahid; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Neupane, Subas; Newton, Charles Richard James; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.; Anh Quynh Nguyen; Ha Thu Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Huong Thanh Nguyen; Long Hoang, Nguyen; Minh Nguyen; Nam Ba Nguyen; Son Hoang Nguyen; Nichols, Emma; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nixon, Molly R.; Nolutshungu, Nomonde; Nomura, Shuhei; Norheim, Ole F.; Noroozi, Mehdi; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nouri, Hamid Reza; Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour; Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza; Nsoesie, Elaine; Nyasulu, Peter S.; Odell, Christopher M.; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olagunju, Tinuke O.; Olivares, Pedro R.; Olsen, Helen Elizabeth; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Ong, Kanyin L.; Ong, Sok King; Oren, Eyal; Ortiz, Alberto; Ota, Erika; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Overland, Simon; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Mahesh, P. A.; Pacella, Rosana; Pakpour, Amin H.; Pana, Adrian; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Parisi, Andrea; Park, Eun-Kee; Parry, Charles D. H.; Patel, Shanti; Pati, Sanghamitra; Paint, Snehal T.; Patle, Ajay; Patton, George C.; Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao; Paulson, Katherine R.; Pearce, Neil; Pereira, David M.; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Pham, Hai Quang; Phillips, Michael R.; Pigott, David M.; Pilly, Julian David; Piradov, Michael A.; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Pishgar, Farhad; Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer; Plass, Dietrich; Polinder, Suzanne; Popova, Svetlana; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Prakash, Swayam; Prakash, V.; Purcell, Caroline A.; Purwar, Manorama B.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quistberg, D. Alex; Radfar, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Kazem; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajati, Fatemeh; Ram, Usha; Ranjan, Prabhat; Ranta, Anna; Rao, Puja C.; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Reddy, K. Srinath; Reiner, Robert C.; Reinig, Nickolas; Reitsma, Marissa Bettay; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaei, Satar; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.; Robinson, Stephen R.; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rostami, Ali; Roth, Gregory A.; Roy, Ambuj; Rubagotti, Enrico; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Sadat, Nafis; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Ehsan; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Safari, Hosein; Safari, Yahya; Safari-Faramani, Roya; Safdarian, Mahdi; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sajadi, Haniye Sadat; Salam, Nasir; Salama, Joseph S.; Salamati, Payman; Saleem, Komal; Saleem, Zikria; Salimi, Yahya; Salomon, Joshua A.; Salvi, Sundeep Santosh; Sale, Inbal; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sang, Yingying; Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Santos, Itamar S.; Santos, Joao Vasco; Milicevic, Milena M. Santric; Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao; Sardana, Mayank; Sarker, Abdur Razzaque; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sartorius, Benn; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Sathian, Brijesh; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawant, Arundhati R.; Sawhney, Monika; Saxena, Sonia; Saylan, Mete; Schaeffner, Elke; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schneider, Ione J. C.; Schoettker, Ben; Schwebel, David C.; Schwendicke, Falk; Scott, James G.; Sekerija, Mario; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Servan-Mori, Edson; Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba; Shabaninejad, Hosein; Shafieesabet, Azadeh; Shahbazi, Mehdi; Shaheen, Amira A.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsi, Mohammadbagher; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Sharafi, Heidar; Sharafi, Kiomars; Sharif, Mehdi; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi; Sharma, Meenakshi; Sharma, Rajesh; She, Jun; Sheikh, Aziz; Shi, Peilin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shishani, Kawkab; Shiue, Ivy; Shokraneh, Farhad; Shoman, Haitham; Shrime, Mark G.; Si, Si; Siabani, Soraya; Siddiqi, Tariq J.; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig; Silva, Joao Pedro; Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Narinder Pal; Singh, Virendra; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Skiadaresi, Einini; Slepak, Erica Leigh N.; Sliwa, Karen; Smith, David L.; Smith, Mari; Soares Filho, Adauto Martins; Sobaih, Bade Hasan; Sobhani, Soheila; Sobngwi, Eugene; Soneji, Samir S.; Soofi, Moslem; Soosaraei, Masoud; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Soriano, Joan B.; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Sposato, Luciano A.; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Srinivasan, Vinay; Stanaway, Jeffrey D.; Stein, Dan J.; Steiner, Caitlyn; Steiner, Timothy J.; Stokes, Mark A.; Stovner, Lars Jacob; Subart, Michelle L.; Sudaryanto, Agus; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Sunguya, Bruno F.; Sur, Patrick John; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Sykes, Bryan L.; Sylte, Dillon O.; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar; Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun; Tandon, Nikhil; Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Taveira, Nuno; Taylor, Hugh R.; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw; Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey; Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin; Temesgen, Habtamu; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Temsah, Omar; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thomas, Nihal; Tilahun, Binyam; To, Quyen G.; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Topouzis, Fotis; Torre, Anna F.; Tortajada-Girbes, Miguel; Touvier, Mathilde; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Towbin, Jeffrey A.; Bach Xuan Tran; Khanh Bao Tran; Troeger, Christopher E.; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K.; Tsoi, Derrick; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Tuzcu, E. 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A.; Xavier, Denis; Xu, Gelin; Yadgir, Simon; Yadollahpour, Ali; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yamada, Tomohide; Yan, Lijing L.; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yasin, Yasin Jemal; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yimer, Ebrahim M.; Yip, Paul; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Yotebieng, Marcel; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Yu, Chuanhua; Zadnik, Vesna; Zaidi, Zoubida; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zamani, Mohammad; Zare, Zohreh; Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw; Zenebe, Zerihun Menikalew; Zhang, Kai; Zhao, Zheng; Zhou, Maigeng; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zucker, Inbar; Vos, Theo; Murray, Christopher J. L.
Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. ISI:000449710900005
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 3493192
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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BACKGROUND:The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. METHODS:We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. FINDINGS:Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0-8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6-9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4-7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs s1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). INTERPRETATION:Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury. FUNDING:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
PMID: 30496104
ISSN: 1474-547x
CID: 5642162
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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BACKGROUND:The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk-outcome associations. METHODS:We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. FINDINGS:In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3-35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14-1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6-62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3-50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39-11·5) deaths and 218 million (198-237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83-7·37] deaths and 182 million [173-193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23-8·23] deaths and 171 million [144-201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99-6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6-202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36-1·51] deaths and 139 million [131-147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3-6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. INTERPRETATION:By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. FUNDING:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
PMID: 30496105
ISSN: 1474-547x
CID: 5642172
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Roth, Gregory A.; Collaborotors, G. B. D.Causes Death; Abate, Degu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abay, Solomon M.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbasi, Nooshin; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Load; Abdela, Jemal; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Haftom Temesgen; Abebe, Molla; Abebe, Zegeye; Abejie, Ayenew Negesse; Abera, Semaw F.; Abil, Olifan Zewdie; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Abrham, Aklilu Roba; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Acharya, Dilaram; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adebayo, Oladimeji; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adookunboh, Olatunii; Adhena, Beyene Meressa; Adib, Mina G.; Admasie, Aniha; Afshin, Ashkan; Agarwal, Gina; Agesa, Karelia M.; Agrawal, Anurag; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmadi, Melidi; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Sayent; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aichour, Miloud Taki Fddine; Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil; Akinyeniti, Rufus Olusola; Akseer, Nadia; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Alandab, Fares; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Tahiya; Alebel, Animut; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Alonso, Jordi; Altirkawi, Khalid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Aminde, Leopold N.; Amini, Erfan; Ammar, Walid; Amoako, Yaw Ampern; Anber, Nahla Hamed; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Androudi, Sofia; Animut, Megbaru Debalkie; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansari, Hossein; Aniha, Mustafa Geleto; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anwari, Palwasha; Aremu, Olatunde; Arnlov, Johan; Arora, Amit; Arora, Monika; Artaman, Al; Aryal, Krishna K.; Asayesh, Hamid; Asfaw, Ephremi Tsegay; Ataro, Zerihun; Atique, Suleman; Atre, Sachin R.; Ausloos, Marcel; Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.; Awasthi, Ashish; Quintattilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayele, Yohanes; Ayer, Rakesh; Azzopardi, Peter S.; Babazadeh, Arefeh; Bacha, Umar; Badali, Hamid; Badawi, Alaa; Bali, Ayele Geleto; Ballesteros, Katherine E.; Banach, Maciej; Banerjee, Kajori; Bannick, Marlena S.; Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar; Barboza, Miguel A.; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyu; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barquera, Simon; Barrero, Lope; Bassat, Quique; Base, Sanjay; Baune, Bernhard T.; Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Beth, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Behzadifar, Masoud; Behzadifar, Mcysam; Bejot, Yannick; Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Belacliew, Abate Bekele; Belay, Ezra; Belay, Yihalem Abebe; Bell, Michelle L.; Bello, Aminu K.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Berman, Adam F.; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bernstein, Robert S.; Bertolacci, Gregory J.; Beuran, Mircea; Beyranvand, Tina; Bhalla, Ashish; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhaumik, Sounayadeeep; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Biadgo, Belete; Biehl, Molly H.; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Bilano, Ver; Bililign, Nigus; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shandaat; Bisanzio, Donal; Biswas, Tuhin; Blacker, Brigitte F.; Basara, Berrak Bora; Borschmann, Rohan; Bosetti, Cristina; Bozorgmehr, Kayvan; Brady, Oliver J.; Brant, Luisa C.; Brayne, Carol; Brazinova, Alexandra; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Brenner, Hermann; Briant, Paul Svitil; Britton, Gabrielle; Brugha, Traolach; Busse, Reinhard; Butt, Zahid A.; Callender, Charlton S. K. H.; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Rincon, Julio Cesar Canapuzano; Cano, Jorge; Car, Mate; Cardenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Carrero, Juan J.; Carter, Austin; Carvalho, Felix; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Castle, Chris D.; Castro, Clara; Castro, Franz; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Cerin, Ester; Chaiah, Yazan; Chang, Jung -Chen; Chanson, Fiona J.; Chaturvedi, Pankaj; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe; Chitheet, Abdulaal; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Hanne; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Chiang, Sheng-Chia; Cicuttini, Flavia M.; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Cohen, Aaron J.; Cooper, Leslie Trumbull; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Cortinovis, Monica; Cousin, Ewerton; Cowie, Benjamin C.; Criqui, Michael H.; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Crowe, Christopher Stephen; Crump, John A.; Cunningham, Matthew; Daba, Alemneh Kabeta; Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dang, Anh Kim; Dargan, Paul I.; Daryani, Ahmad; Das, Siddharth K.; Das Gupta, Rajat; Das Neves, Jose; Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye; Dash, Aditya Prasad; Davis, Adrian C.; Weaver, Nicole Davis; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Davletov, Kairat; De La Hoz, Fernando Pio; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Degefa, Meaza Girma; Degenhardt, Louisa; Degfie, Tizta T.; Deiparine, Selina; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Demtsu, Baleen Betsu; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Deribe, Kebede; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Jarlais, Don C. Des; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Dey, Subhojit; Dhannaratne, Samath D.; Dicker, Daniel; Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese; Ding, Eric L.; Dirac, M. Ashworth; Djalalinia, Shirin; Dokova, Klara; Ter Doku, David; Donnelly, Christl A.; Dorsey, E. Ray; Doshi, Pratik P.; Douwes-Schultz, Dirk; Doyle, Kerrie E.; Driscoll, Tim R.; Dubey, Manisha; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Duken, Eyasu Ejeta; Duncan, Bruce B.; Duraes, Andre R.; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Ebrahimpour, Soheil; Edessa, Dumessa; Edvardsson, David; Eggen, Anne Elise; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; El-Khatib, Ziad; Elkout, Hajer; Eltinsel, Christian Lycke; Endres, Matthias; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Er, Benjamin; Erskine, Holly E.; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esmaeili, Reza; Esteghamati, Alireza; Fakhar, Mahdi; Fakhim, Hamed; Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Fareed, Mohammad; Farhadi, Farzaneh; Faninha, Carla Sofia E. Sa; Faro, Andre; Farvid, Maryam S.; Farzadfar, Farshad; Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein; Feign, Valery L.; Feigl, Andrea B.; Fentahun, Netsanet; Eereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Fernandes, Joao C.; Ferrari, Alice J.; Feyissa, Garumma Tolu; Filip, Irina; Finegold, Samuel; Fischer, Florian; Eitzmaurice, Christina; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Foreman, Kyle J.; Fornari, Carla; Frank, Tahvi D.; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fuller, John E.; Fullman, Nancy; Furst, Thomas; Furtado, Joao M.; Futran, Neal D.; Gallus, Silvano; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A.; Gardner, William M.; Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Gebrehiwol, Tsegaye Tewelde; Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Gebremichael, Bereket; Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo; Gelano, Tilayie Feto; Geleijinse, Johanna M.; Genova-Maleras, Ricard; Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea; Gething, Peter W.; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul; Ghadimi, Reza; Falavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi; Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam; Ghimire, Mamata; Gibney, Katherine B.; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K.; Gillum, Richard F.; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed; Giroud, Maurice; Giussani, Giorgia; Goenka, Shifalika; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Goli, Srinivas; Gomez-Dantes, Hector; Gona, Philimon N.; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gorman, Taren M.; Goto, Atsushi; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.; Grada, Aymara; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gugnani, Hanish Chander; Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena; Gun, Nailing; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rahid; Gupta, Rajenv; Gupta, Tanush; Gutierrez, Reyna Alma; Gyawali, Bishal; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hagos, Tekleberhan B.; Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Hamadeh, Randall R.; Hamidi, Sinner; Handal, Meads J.; Hankey, Graeme J.; Harb, Hilda L.; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasan, Mehedi; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Roderick J.; Hay, Simon I.; He, Yihua; Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar; Hegazy, Mohamed I.; Heibati, Behzad; Heidari, Mohsen; Hendrie, Delia; Henok, Andualem; Henry, Nathaniel J.; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Heydarpour, Pouria; Heydarpour, Sousan; Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw; Hoek, Hans W.; Hole, Michael K.; Red, Enayatollah Homaie; Hoogar, Praveen; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hotez, Peter J.; Hoy, Damian C.; Hsiao, Thomas; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, John J.; Husseini, Abdullatif; Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama; Hutfless, Susan; Idrisov, Bulat; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Iqbal, Usman; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter; Islam, Nazrul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jahangiry, Leila; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jain, Sudhir Kumar; Jakovlievic, Mihajlo; Jalu, Moti Tolera; James, Spencer L.; Javanbakht, Mehdi; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jenkins, Kathy J.; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Johnson, Catherine O.; Johnson, Sarah C.; Jonas, Jost B.; Joshi, Ankur; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jungari, Suresh Banayya; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Zubair; Kadel, Rajendra; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalani, Rizwan; Karami, Manoochehr; Matin, Behzad Karami; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine; Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassa, Dessalegn H.; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kaul, Anil; Kazemi, Zhila; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Kazi, Dhruv Satish; Kefale, Adane Teshome; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemp, Grant Rodgers; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaei, Behzad; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajavi, Alireza; Khalid, Nauman; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Khan, Muhammad Ali; Khang, Young-Ho; Khater, Mona M.; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.; Kibret, Getiye D.; Kidanemariam, Zelalem Teklemariam; Kiirithio, Daniel N.; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kisa, Adnan; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kivimaki, Mika; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kocarnik, Jonathan M.; Kochhar, Sonali; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolola, Tufa; Kopec, Jacek A.; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael A.; Krishan, Kewal; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kinuk; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kutz, Michael J.; Kuzin, Igor; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Lad, Deepesh P.; Lad, Sheetal D.; Lafranconi, Alessandra; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lam, Jennifer O.; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lansingh, Van C.; Lansky, Sonia; Larson, Heidi J.; Latifi, Amman; Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Lebedev, Georgy; Lee, Paul H.; Leigh, James; Leili, Mostafa; Leshargie, Cheru Tesema; Li, Shanshan; Li, Yichong; Liang, Juan; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S.; Limenih, Miteku Andualem; Linn, Shai; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Yang; Lodha, Rakesh; Lansdale, Chris; Lopez, Alan D.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Rafael; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Ma, Stefan; Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King; Mackay, Mark T.; MacLachlan, Jennifer H.; Maddison, Emilie R.; Nadotto, Fabiana; Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy; Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy; Maghavani, Dhaval P.; Majdan, Marek; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manda, Ana-Laura; Mandarano-Filho, Luiz Garcia; Manguerra, Helena; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher; Marami, Dadi; Maravilla, Joemer C.; Marcenes, Wagner; Marczak, Laurie; Marks, Ashley; Marks, Guy B.; Martinez, Gabriel; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Martopullo, Ira; Marz, Winfried; Marron, Melvin B.; Masci, Joseph R.; Lylassenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mathur, Prashant; Matzopoulos, Richard; Maulik, Pallab K.; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Cohn; McGrath, John J.; McKee, Martin; McMahon, Brian J.; Mehata, Suiiesh; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mehta, Kala M.; Mehta, Varshil; Mekonnen, Tefera C.; Melese, Addisu; Melku, Mulugeta; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mengistu, Getnet; Mensah, George A.; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Meshovic, Tbmislav; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Millear, Anoushka I.; Miller, Ted R.; Katherine, Molly; Petrie, Miller; Mini, G. K.; Mirabi, Parvaneh; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Mitiku, Habtamu; Moazen, Babak; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammad, Moslem; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammed, A. Mohammed; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradinazar, Mehdi; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Velasquez, Ilais Moreno; Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Moschos, Marilita M.; Mouodi, Simin; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Muchie, Kindie Eentahun; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath; Muller, Kate; Mumford, John Everett; Musa, Jonah; Musa, Kamand Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Nachega, Jean B.; Nagel, Gabriele; Naheed, Aliya; Nahvijou, Azin; Naik, Gunidatta; Nair, Sanjeev; Najafi, Farid; Naldi, Luigi; Nam, Hae Sung; Nangia, Vinay; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Nascirnento, Bruno Ramos; Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan; Nearnati, Nahid; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxcandra Irina; Nettpane, Subas; Newton, Charles R. J.; Ngalesoni, Frida N.; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.; Anh Quynh Nguyen; Nguyen, Grant; Ha Thu Nguyen; Luong Thanh Nguyen; Long Hoang Nguyen; Minh Nguyen; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Nichols, Emma; Ningnun, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Nixon, Molly R.; Nolutshungu, Nomonde; Nomura, Shhhei; Norhelin, Ole F.; Noroozi, Mehdi; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nouri, Hamid Reza; Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour; Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza; Nyasulu, Peter S.; Odell, Christopher M.; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oh, In-Hwan; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olivares, Pedro R.; Olsen, Helen Elizabeth; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Ong, Kanyin L.; Ong, Sok King Sk; Oren, Eyal; Orpana, Heather M.; Ortiz, Alberto; Ortiz, Justin R.; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Overland, Simon; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Ozdemir, Raziye; Mahesh, P. A.; Pacella, Rosana; Pakhale, Smita; Pakhare, Abhijit P.; Pakpour, Amir H.; Pana, Adrian; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai; Parisi, Andrea; Park, Eun-Kee; Parry, Charles D. H.; Parsian, Hadi; Patel, Shanti; Pati, Sanghamitra; Patton, George C.; Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao; Paulson, Katherine R.; Pereira, Alexandre; Pereira, David M.; Perico, Norberto; Pesudovs, Konrad; Petzold, Max; Phillips, Michael R.; Piel, Frederic B.; Pigott, David M.; Pillay, Julian David; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Pishgar, Farhad; Polinder, Suzanne; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Pujar, Ashwini; Prakash, Swayam; Prasad, Narayan; Purcell, Caroline A.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quintana, Hedley; Quistberg, D. Alex; Rade, Kirankumar Waman; Radfah, Amir; Rafay, Anwar; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Kazem; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rajsic, Sasa; Ram, Usha; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranjan, Prabhat; Rao, Puja C.; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Razo-Garcia, Christian; Reddy, K. Srinath; Reiner, Robert C.; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaei, Satar; Rezaeian, Shahab; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.; Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus; Roba, Kedir Teji; Roberts, Nicholas L. S.; Robinson, Stephen R.; Roever, Leonardo; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rostami, Ali; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Roy, Ambuj; Rubagotti, Enrico; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Ehsan; Safari, Hosein; Safdarian, Mahdi; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Salam, Nasir; Salama, Joseph S.; Salamati, Payman; Saldanha, Raphael De Freitas; Saleem, Zikria; Salimi, Yahya; Salvi, Sundeep Santosh; Salz, Inbal; Sambala, Evanson Zondani; Samy, Abdatiah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores; Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Santos, Itamar S.; Santos, Joao Vasco; Milicevic, Milena M. Santric; Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao; Sarker, Abdur Razzaque; Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sartorius, Benn; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Sathian, Brijesh; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawant, Arundhati R.; Sawhney, Monika; Saxena, Sonia; Sayyah, Mehdi; Schaeffher, Elke; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schneider, Ione J. C.; Schottker, Ben; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Schwebel, David C.; Schwendicke, Falk; Scott, James G.; Sekerija, Mario; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Servan-Mori, Edson; Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba; Shabaninejad, Hosein; Shackelford, Katya Anne; Shafieesabet, Azadeh; Shahbazi, Mehdi; Shaheen, Amira A.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsi, Mohammadbagher; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Sharafi, Kiomars; Sharif, Mehdi; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mandi; Sharma, Rajesh; She, Jun; Sheikh, Aziz; Shi, Peilin; Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisav; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiri, Rahman; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shiue, Ivy; Shokraneh, Farhad; Shrine, Mark G.; Si, Si; Siabani, Soraya; Siddiqi, Tariq J.; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig; Silberberg, Donald H.; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Joao Pedro; Da Silva, Natacha Torres; Silveira, Dayane Bride Alves; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Narinder Pal; Singh, Prashant Kumar; Singh, Virendra; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Sliwa, Karen; Smith, Mari; Sobaih, Badr Hasan; Sobhani, Soheila; Solangwi, Eugene; Soneji, Samir S.; Soofi, Moslem; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Soriano, Joan B.; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Sposato, Luciano A.; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar F.; Srinivasan, Vinay; Stanaway, Jeffrey D.; Starodubov, Vladimir I.; Stathopoulou, Vasiliki; Stein, Dan J.; Steiner, Caitlyn; Stewart, Leo G.; Stokes, Mark A.; Subart, Michelle L.; Sudaryanto, Agus; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Sur, Patrick John; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Sykes, Bryan L.; Sylaja, P. N.; Sylte, Dillon O.; Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar; Takahashi, Ken; Tandon, Nikhil; Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel; Taveira, Nuno; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw; Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Temsah, Omar; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Teshale, Manaye Yihune; Tesserna, Belay; Tessema, Gizachew Assefa; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thirinavukkarasu, Sathish; Thomas, Nihal; Thrift, Amanda G.; Thurston, George D.; Tilahun, Binyam; To, Quyen G.; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tonellli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Torre, Anna E.; Tortajada-Cirbes, Miguel; Touvier, Mathilde; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Bach Xuan Tran; Khah Bao Tran; Tripathi, Suryakant; Troeger, Christopher E.; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Nu Thi Truong; Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel; Tsoi, Derrick; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Tuzcu, E. Murat; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ukwaja, Kingsley N.; Whiff, Irfan; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Updike, Rachel L.; Usman, Muhammad Shariq; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Uzun, Selen Begum; Vaduganathan, Muthiah; Vaezi, Afsane; Vaidya, Gaurang; Valdez, Pascual R.; Varavikova, Elena; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Villafaina, Santos; Violante, Francesco S.; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Vlassov, Vasily; Vollset, Stein Email; Vos, Theo; Wagner, Gregory R.; Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw; Waheed, Yasir; Wallin, Mitchell Taylor; Watson, Judd L.; Wang, Yanping; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Wassie, Molla Mesele; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Weintraub, Robert G.; Weldegebreal, Eitsum; Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey; Werdecker, Andrea; Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew; West, T. Eoin; Westerman, Ronny; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Widecka, Justyna; Wilner, Lauren B.; Wilson, Shadrach; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wolfe, Charles D. A.; Wu, Shouling; Wu, Yun-Chun; Wyper, Grant M. A.; Xavier, Denis; Xu, Gelin; Yadgir, Simon; Yadollahpour, Ali; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yakob, Bereket; Yan, Lijing L.; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yasin, Yasin Jemal; Yentur, Gokalp Kadri; Yeshaneh, Alex; Yimer, Ebrahim M.; Yip, Paul; Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn; Yisma, Engida; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yonga, Gerald; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Yotebieng, Marcel; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Yu, Chuanhua; Zadnik, Vesna; Zaidi, Zoubida; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zamani, Mohammad; Zare, Zohreh; Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw; Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew; Zhang, Anthony Lin; Zhang, Kai; Zhou, Maigeng; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna; Naghavi, Ntishsen; Murray, Christopher J. L.
Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. ISI:000449710900004
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 3493202
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Stanaway, Jeffrey D.; Afshin, Ashkan; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Lim, Stephen S.; Abate, Degu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassell; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbasi, Nooshin; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdela, Jemal; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Molla; Abebe, Zegeye; Abera, Semaw F.; Abil, Olifan Zewdie; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Abrham, Aklilu Roba; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Acharya, Dilaram; Acharya, Pawan; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adane, Akikw Awoke; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adekanmbi, Victor; Ademi, Zanfina; Adetokunboh, Olatunji; Adib, Mina G.; Admasie, Amha; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agarwal, Gina; Aggarwal, Anju; Aghayan, Sargis Aghast; Agrawal, Anurag; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Akseer, Nadia; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Alandab, Fares; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Samiah; Alam, Tahiya; Alashi, Alaa; Alavian, Seyed Moayed; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Ali, Komal; Ali, Syed Mustafa; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, Francois; Alsharif, Ubai; Altirkawi, Khalid; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Ammar, Walid; Anber, Nahla Hamed; Anderson, Jason A.; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Androudi, Sofia; Animut, Megbaru Debalkie; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Anto, Josep M.; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anwari, Palwasha; Appiah, Lambert Tetteh; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw; Arabloo, Jalal; Aremu, Olatunde; Amlov, Johan; Artaman, Al; Aryal, Krishna K.; Asayesh, Hamid; Ataro, Zerihun; Ausloos, Marcel; Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. 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Dean; Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hoy, Damian G.; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hsiao, Thomas; Hu, Guoqing; Ha, Howard; Huang, John J.; Hussen, Mamusha Aman; Huynh, Chantal K.; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Ikeda, Nayu; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Iqbal, Usman; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Jackson, Maria D.; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jahangiry, Leila; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jain, Sudhir Kumar; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; James, Spencer L.; Jassal, Simerjot K.; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Ji, John S.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jonnagaddala, Jitendra; Shushtari, Zahra Jorjoran; Joshi, Ankur; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Zubair; Kahsay, Amaha; Kalani, Rizwan; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kant, Surya; Kar, Chittaranjan; Karami, Manoochehr; Matin, Behzad Karami; Karch, Andre; Karema, Corine; Karimi, Narges; Karimi, Seyed M.; Kasaeian, Amir; Kassa, Dessalegn H.; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kaul, Anil; Kawakami, Norito; Kazemi, Zhila; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Kefale, Adane Teshome; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kemp, Grant Rodgers; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Keren, Andre; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaei, Behzad; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khajavi, Alireza; Khalid, Nauman; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Khan, Muhammad Ali; Khang, Young-Ho; Khater, Mona M.; Khazaei, Mohammad; Khazaie, Habibolah; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.; Kiirithio, Daniel N.; Kim, Cho-Il; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinfh, Yohannes; Kisa, Adnan; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kivimaki, Mika; Knibbs, Luke D.; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kochhar, Sonali; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kolola, Tufa; Kopec, Jacek A.; Kosen, Soewarta; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kravchenko, Michael A.; Krishan, Kewal; Krohn, Kristopher J.; Kromhout, Hans; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kumar, G. 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A. Rosana; Pakhare, Abhijit P.; Pakpour, Amir H.; Pana, Adrian; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Park, Eun-Kee; Parry, Charles D. 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Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk outcome associations. ISI:000449710900007
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 3493172
