Faculty Bibliography
Searched for:
school:SOM
Department/Unit:Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Total Results:
11202
Validation of the Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) questionnaire for adults
BACKGROUND:The Collaborative Outcome study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT; www.coh-fit.com) is an anonymous and global online survey measuring health and functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to test concurrently the validity of COH-FIT items and the internal validity of the co-primary outcome, a composite psychopathology "P-score". METHODS:The COH-FIT survey has been translated into 30 languages (two blind forward-translations, consensus, one independent English back-translation, final harmonization). To measure mental health, 1-4 items ("COH-FIT items") were extracted from validated questionnaires (e.g. Patient Health Questionnaire 9). COH-FIT items measured anxiety, depressive, post-traumatic, obsessive-compulsive, bipolar and psychotic symptoms, as well as stress, sleep and concentration. COH-FIT Items which correlated r ≥ 0.5 with validated companion questionnaires, were initially retained. A P-score factor structure was then identified from these items using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) on data split into training and validation sets. Consistency of results across languages, gender and age was assessed. RESULTS:From >150,000 adult responses by May 6th, 2022, a subset of 22,456 completed both COH-FIT items and validated questionnaires. Concurrent validity was consistently demonstrated across different languages for COH-FIT items. CFA confirmed EFA results of five first-order factors (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic, psychotic, psychophysiologic symptoms) and revealed a single second-order factor P-score, with high internal reliability (ω = 0.95). Factor structure was consistent across age and sex. CONCLUSIONS:COH-FIT is a valid instrument to globally measure mental health during infection times. The P-score is a valid measure of multidimensional mental health.
PMCID:9794522
PMID: 36586617
ISSN: 1573-2517
CID: 5442082
It's Time to Rebrand "Mommy Brain"
PMID: 36745418
ISSN: 2168-6157
CID: 5420722
Journal of child psychology & psychiatry & allied disciplines. 2023:64(4):641-644.DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13765
Commentary: The impact of Covid-19 on psychopathology in children and young people worldwide - reflections on Newlove-Delgado et al. (2023)
In the past 3 years, since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been an impressive flourishing body of publications on the impact of the pandemic and related restrictions on the mental health of children and young people. It was about time for a rigorous quantitative evidence synthesis of this large body of research. Newlove-Delgado et al. (J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2022) took on this challenge by completing a systematic review with meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the impact of Covid-19 on psychopathology in children and adolescents, featured in the 2023 Annual Research Review series of the Journal. Overall, this meta-analysis shows that the relationship between mental health and Covid-19 pandemic in children and adolescents is complex and, as such, it ought to be addressed by studies using rigorous methods and advanced analytic strategies. Collectively, as a field, we should and could do better with regards to the scope and quality of the studies in this area.
PMID: 36786395
ISSN: 1469-7610
CID: 5431042
The evaluation of electrolyzed water, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and peracetic acid with hydrogen peroxide for the disinfection of patient room surfaces
BACKGROUND:). METHODS:The study was conducted at 2 New York City hospitals (1,082 total beds) over an 18-month period. The 3 chemicals were applied by housekeeping personnel following the hospital protocol; the use of electrostatic sprayers was incorporated into EW and NaDCC. In randomly selected rooms, 5 surfaces were sampled for microbial colony counts after cleaning. Data analyses were performed using negative binomial logistic regression. RESULTS:(difference not significant). CONCLUSIONS:The use of NaDCC for surface disinfection resulted in the lowest bacterial colony counts on patient room high touch surfaces in our study.
PMID: 35777575
ISSN: 1527-3296
CID: 5281502
Is There an Inflammatory Profile of Perinatal Depression?
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To synthesize and critically examine recent evidence regarding associations between immune system activity and perinatal depression. RECENT FINDINGS:Despite a significant number of studies assessing potential immunological markers of perinatal depression, it does not appear that levels of any individual pro- or anti-inflammatory marker is a useful predictor of perinatal depression. Some recent studies have observed differences in overall immune system functioning and adaptation across this period, taking into account multiple pro- and anti- inflammatory markers. Furthermore, there is evidence for interactions between depression and maternal psychosocial factors. Immune system functioning may be a mechanism through which social determinants of health contribute to risk for perinatal depression. There is substantial evidence implicating dysregulated immune activity in perinatal depression, yet little clarity regarding a consistent immune profile, especially based on analysis of circulating peripheral cytokines.
PMID: 36947355
ISSN: 1535-1645
CID: 5466672
Baroreflex sensitivity is associated with markers of hippocampal gliosis and dysmyelination in patients with psychosis
PURPOSE:Hippocampal dysfunction plays a key role in the pathology of psychosis. Given hippocampal sensitivity to changes in cerebral perfusion, decreased baroreflex function could contribute to psychosis pathogenesis. This study had two aims: (1) To compare baroreflex sensitivity in participants with psychosis to two control groups: participants with a nonpsychotic affective disorder and participants with no history of psychiatric disease; (2) to examine the relationship between hippocampal neurometabolites and baroreflex sensitivities in these three groups. We hypothesized that baroreflex sensitivity would be reduced and correlated with hippocampal neurometabolite levels in participants with psychosis, but not in the control groups. METHODS:-MR spectroscopic (MRS) imaging and were compared with baroreflex sensitivities in the three groups. RESULTS:Vagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS-V) was reduced in a significantly larger proportion of participants with psychosis compared with patients with nonpsychotic affective disorders, whereas participants with psychosis had increased adrenergic baroreflex sensitivity (BRS-A) compared with participants with no history of psychiatric disease. Only in psychotic cases were baroreflex sensitivities associated with hippocampal metabolite concentrations. Specifically, BRS-V was inversely correlated with myo-inositol, a marker of gliosis, and BRS-A was positively correlated with energy dependent dysmyelination (choline, creatine) and excitatory activity (GLX). CONCLUSIONS:Abnormal baroreflex sensitivity is common in participants with psychosis and is associated with MRS markers of hippocampal pathology. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine causality.
PMID: 36877302
ISSN: 1619-1560
CID: 5542032
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience & neuroimaging. 2023:8(4):436-444.DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.03.007
Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Anxiety and Irritability With Adolescents' Neural Responses to Cognitive Conflict
BACKGROUND:Psychiatric symptoms are commonly comorbid in childhood. The ability to disentangle unique and shared correlates of comorbid symptoms facilitates personalized medicine. Cognitive control is implicated broadly in psychopathology, including in pediatric disorders characterized by anxiety and irritability. To disentangle cognitive control correlates of anxiety versus irritability, the current study leveraged both cross-sectional and longitudinal data from early childhood into adolescence. METHODS:For this study, 89 participants were recruited from a large longitudinal research study on early-life temperament to investigate associations of developmental trajectories of anxiety and irritability symptoms (from ages 2 to 15) as well as associations of anxiety and irritability symptoms measured cross-sectionally at age 15 with neural substrates of conflict and error processing assessed at age 15 using the flanker task. RESULTS:Results of whole-brain multivariate linear models revealed that anxiety at age 15 was uniquely associated with decreased neural response to conflict across multiple regions implicated in attentional control and conflict adaptation. Conversely, irritability at age 15 was uniquely associated with increased neural response to conflict in regions implicated in response inhibition. Developmental trajectories of anxiety and irritability interacted in relation to neural responses to both error and conflict. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that neural correlates of conflict processing may relate uniquely to anxiety and irritability. Continued cross-symptom research on the neural correlates of cognitive control could stimulate advances in individualized treatment for anxiety and irritability during child and adolescent development.
PMID: 35358745
ISSN: 2451-9030
CID: 5364812
Children's and adolescents' rising animal-source food intakes in 1990-2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity
Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents' physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world's child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15-19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.
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EMBASE:2022707858
ISSN: 2662-1355
CID: 5515632
Computerized cognitive training in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with blinded and objective outcomes
This meta-analysis investigated the effects of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on clinical, neuropsychological and academic outcomes in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors searched PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science until 19th January 2022 for parallel-arm randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CCT in individuals with ADHD. Random-effects meta-analyses pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) between CCT and comparator arms. RCT quality was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool (PROSPERO: CRD42021229279). Thirty-six RCTs were meta-analysed, 17 of which evaluated working memory training (WMT). Analysis of outcomes measured immediately post-treatment and judged to be "probably blinded" (PBLIND; trial n = 14) showed no effect on ADHD total (SMD = 0.12, 95%CI[-0.01 to -0.25]) or hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (SMD = 0.12, 95%[-0.03 to-0.28]). These findings remained when analyses were restricted to trials (n: 5-13) with children/adolescents, low medication exposure, semi-active controls, or WMT or multiple process training. There was a small improvement in inattention symptoms (SMD = 0.17, 95%CI[0.02-0.31]), which remained when trials were restricted to semi-active controls (SMD = 0.20, 95%CI[0.04-0.37]), and doubled in size when assessed in the intervention delivery setting (n = 5, SMD = 0.40, 95%CI[0.09-0.71]), suggesting a setting-specific effect. CCT improved WM (verbal: n = 15, SMD = 0.38, 95%CI[0.24-0.53]; visual-spatial: n = 9, SMD = 0.49, 95%CI[0.31-0.67]), but not other neuropsychological (e.g., attention, inhibition) or academic outcomes (e.g., reading, arithmetic; analysed n: 5-15). Longer-term improvement (at ~6-months) in verbal WM, reading comprehension, and ratings of executive functions were observed but relevant trials were limited in number (n: 5-7). There was no evidence that multi-process training was superior to working memory training. In sum, CCT led to shorter-term improvements in WM, with some evidence that verbal WM effects persisted in the longer-term. Clinical effects were limited to small, setting specific, short-term effects on inattention symptoms.
PMID: 36977764
ISSN: 1476-5578
CID: 5463182
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2023:62(4):389-393.DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.08.002
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Barriers to Accessibility of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Among Black Youth [Editorial]
PMID: 35981668
ISSN: 1527-5418
CID: 5300202
