Faculty Bibliography

Background: Partnership, engagement, and collaboration (PEC) are critical factors in dissemination and implementation (D&I) research. Despite a growing recognition that incorporating PEC strategies in D&I research is likely to increase the relevance, feasibility, impacts, and of evidence-based interventions or practices (EBIs, EBPs), conceptual frameworks and methodologies to guide the development and testing of PEC strategies in D&I research are lacking. To address this methodological gap, a review was conducted to summarize what we know, what we think we know, and what we need to know about PEC to inform D&I research. Methods: A cross-field scoping review, drawing upon a broad range of PEC related literature in health, was conducted. Publications reviewed focused on factors influencing PEC, and processes, mechanisms and strategies for promoting effective PEC. The review was conducted separately for three forms of partnerships that are commonly used in D&I research: (1) consumer-provider or patient-implementer partnership; (2) delivery system or implementation team partnership; and (3) sustainment/support or interagency/community partnership. A total of 39 studies, of which 21 were review articles, were selected for an in-depth review. Results: Across three forms of partnerships, four domains (cognitive, interpersonal/affective, behavioral, and contextual domains) were consistently identified as factors and strategies for promoting PEC. Depending on the stage (preparation or execution) and purpose of the partnership (regulating performance or managing maintenance), certain PEC strategies are more or less relevant. Recent developments of PEC frameworks, such as Partnership Stage of Change and multiple dynamic processes, provide more comprehensive conceptual explanations for PEC mechanisms, which can better guide PEC strategies selection and integration in D&I research. Conclusions: This review contributes to D&I knowledge by identifying critical domain factors, processes, or mechanisms, and key strategies for PEC, and offers a multi-level PEC framework for future research to build the evidence base. However, more research is needed to test PEC mechanisms.

The goal of this study is to examine the role of social support from multiple sources, including the extended family, caregivers, classmates, peers and teachers, in improving the school outcomes (grades and attendance) of children orphaned by AIDS in Uganda. Data for this study comes from a 4-year randomized control trial, called Suubi-Maka (Hope for families), conducted in the Southwestern part of Uganda from 2008 to 2012. Using multivariate regression modeling - controlling for several individual-level and school-level characteristics, we find that social support (perceived emotional and information support received from parents, classmates and teachers), caregiver's acceptance and warmth, and family cohesion have positive effects on children's school grades and attendance. This finding underscores the importance of strengthening relationships within the extended family and the school environment to serve as a net of strength that can influence not only family functioning but also vulnerable adolescents' educational trajectories.

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:The use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs) is becoming increasingly popular among the youth. This study aimed to assess cigarette-only smoking, exclusive ATP use, and concurrent use (cigarettes and ATPs) among adolescents in Hong Kong. METHODS:We analyzed data of the Hong Kong School-based Survey on Smoking among Students 2012/13 from a representative sample of 45 857 secondary school students. Weighted prevalence of cigarette-only smoking, exclusive ATP use, and concurrent tobacco use were calculated. Multinomial logistic regression examined correlates of exclusive ATP use and concurrent use relative to cigarette-only smoking. Among current (past-30-days) cigarette smokers, multivariable logistic regression assessed whether ATP use was associated with nicotine dependence, quit intention and quit attempt. RESULTS:Overall, 5.8% of adolescents reported current tobacco use (2.1% cigarette-only smoking, 2.5% exclusive ATP use and 1.2% concurrent use). Compared with cigarette-only smoking, exclusive ATP use and concurrent tobacco use were associated with younger age, higher perceived family financial status, absence of cigarette smoking peers, poor knowledge about smoking and more frequent alcohol use. Among current cigarette smokers, ATP use was negatively associated with cigarette quit intention and quit attempt. CONCLUSIONS:ATP use was as prevalent as cigarette smoking among adolescents, and ATP users were different from cigarette smokers in many demographic and psychosocial factors. Tobacco control programs among youth should target different types of tobacco users and address all forms of tobacco products.