Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
Klionsky, Daniel J; Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal; Abdelfatah, Sara; Abdellatif, Mahmoud; Abdoli, Asghar; Abel, Steffen; Abeliovich, Hagai; Abildgaard, Marie H; Abudu, Yakubu Princely; Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham; Adamopoulos, Iannis E; Adeli, Khosrow; Adolph, Timon E; Adornetto, Annagrazia; Aflaki, Elma; Agam, Galila; Agarwal, Anupam; Aggarwal, Bharat B; Agnello, Maria; Agostinis, Patrizia; Agrewala, Javed N; Agrotis, Alexander; Aguilar, Patricia V; Ahmad, S Tariq; Ahmed, Zubair M; Ahumada-Castro, Ulises; Aits, Sonja; Aizawa, Shu; Akkoc, Yunus; Akoumianaki, Tonia; Akpinar, Hafize Aysin; Al-Abd, Ahmed M; Al-Akra, Lina; Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer; Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay A; Alberti, Simon; Alcocer-Gómez, ElÃsabet; Alessandri, Cristiano; Ali, Muhammad; Alim Al-Bari, M Abdul; Aliwaini, Saeb; Alizadeh, Javad; Almacellas, Eugènia; Almasan, Alexandru; Alonso, Alicia; Alonso, Guillermo D; Altan-Bonnet, Nihal; Altieri, Dario C; Ãlvarez, Élida M C; Alves, Sara; Alves da Costa, Cristine; Alzaharna, Mazen M; Amadio, Marialaura; Amantini, Consuelo; Amaral, Cristina; Ambrosio, Susanna; Amer, Amal O; Ammanathan, Veena; An, Zhenyi; Andersen, Stig U; Andrabi, Shaida A; Andrade-Silva, Magaiver; Andres, Allen M; Angelini, Sabrina; Ann, David; Anozie, Uche C; Ansari, Mohammad Y; Antas, Pedro; Antebi, Adam; Antón, Zuriñe; Anwar, Tahira; Apetoh, Lionel; Apostolova, Nadezda; Araki, Toshiyuki; Araki, Yasuhiro; Arasaki, Kohei; Araújo, Wagner L; Araya, Jun; Arden, Catherine; Arévalo, Maria-Angeles; Arguelles, Sandro; Arias, Esperanza; Arikkath, Jyothi; Arimoto, Hirokazu; Ariosa, Aileen R; Armstrong-James, Darius; Arnauné-Pelloquin, Laetitia; Aroca, Angeles; Arroyo, Daniela S; Arsov, Ivica; Artero, Rubén; Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia; Aschner, Michael; Ashrafizadeh, Milad; Ashur-Fabian, Osnat; Atanasov, Atanas G; Au, Alicia K; Auberger, Patrick; Auner, Holger W; Aurelian, Laure; Autelli, Riccardo; Avagliano, Laura; Ãvalos, Yenniffer; Aveic, Sanja; Aveleira, Célia Alexandra; Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar; Aydin, Yucel; Ayton, Scott; Ayyadevara, Srinivas; Azzopardi, Maria; Baba, Misuzu; Backer, Jonathan M; Backues, Steven K; Bae, Dong-Hun; Bae, Ok-Nam; Bae, Soo Han; Baehrecke, Eric H; Baek, Ahruem; Baek, Seung-Hoon; Baek, Sung Hee; Bagetta, Giacinto; Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka; Bai, Hua; Bai, Jie; Bai, Xiyuan; Bai, Yidong; Bairagi, Nandadulal; Baksi, Shounak; Balbi, Teresa; Baldari, Cosima T; Balduini, Walter; Ballabio, Andrea; Ballester, Maria; Balazadeh, Salma; Balzan, Rena; Bandopadhyay, Rina; Banerjee, Sreeparna; Banerjee, Sulagna; Bánréti, Ãgnes; Bao, Yan; Baptista, Mauricio S; Baracca, Alessandra; Barbati, Cristiana; Bargiela, Ariadna; Barilà , Daniela; Barlow, Peter G; Barmada, Sami J; Barreiro, Esther; Barreto, George E; Bartek, Jiri; Bartel, Bonnie; Bartolome, Alberto; Barve, Gaurav R; Basagoudanavar, Suresh H; Bassham, Diane C; Bast, Robert C; Basu, Alakananda; Batoko, Henri; Batten, Isabella; Baulieu, Etienne E; Baumgarner, Bradley L; Bayry, Jagadeesh; Beale, Rupert; Beau, Isabelle; Beaumatin, Florian; Bechara, Luiz R G; Beck, George R; Beers, Michael F; Begun, Jakob; Behrends, Christian; Behrens, Georg M N; Bei, Roberto; Bejarano, Eloy; Bel, Shai; Behl, Christian; Belaid, Amine; Belgareh-Touzé, Naïma; Bellarosa, Cristina; Belleudi, Francesca; Belló Pérez, Melissa; Bello-Morales, Raquel; Beltran, Jackeline Soares de Oliveira; Beltran, Sebastián; Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina; Bendorius, Mykolas; Benitez, Bruno A; Benito-Cuesta, Irene; Bensalem, Julien; Berchtold, Martin W; Berezowska, Sabina; Bergamaschi, Daniele; Bergami, Matteo; Bergmann, Andreas; Berliocchi, Laura; Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse; Bernard, Amélie; Berthoux, Lionel; Besirli, Cagri G; Besteiro, Sebastien; Betin, Virginie M; Beyaert, Rudi; Bezbradica, Jelena S; Bhaskar, Kiran; Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid; Bhattacharya, Resham; Bhattacharya, Sujoy; Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli; Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin; Bhutia, Sujit Kumar; Bi, Lanrong; Bi, Xiaolin; Biden, Trevor J; Bijian, Krikor; Billes, Viktor A; Binart, Nadine; Bincoletto, Claudia; Birgisdottir, Asa B; Bjorkoy, Geir; Blanco, Gonzalo; Blas-Garcia, Ana; Blasiak, Janusz; Blomgran, Robert; Blomgren, Klas; Blum, Janice S; Boada-Romero, Emilio; Boban, Mirta; Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen; Boeuf, Philippe; Boland, Barry; Bomont, Pascale; Bonaldo, Paolo; Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy; Bonfili, Laura; Bonifacino, Juan S; Boone, Brian A; Bootman, Martin D; Bordi, Matteo; Borner, Christoph; Bornhauser, Beat C; Borthakur, Gautam; Bosch, Jürgen; Bose, Santanu; Botana, Luis M; Botas, Juan; Boulanger, Chantal M; Boulton, Michael E; Bourdenx, Mathieu; Bourgeois, Benjamin; Bourke, Nollaig M; Bousquet, Guilhem; Boya, Patricia; Bozhkov, Peter V; Bozi, Luiz H M; Bozkurt, Tolga O; Brackney, Doug E; Brandts, Christian H; Braun, Ralf J; Braus, Gerhard H; Bravo-Sagua, Roberto; Bravo-San Pedro, José M; Brest, Patrick; Bringer, Marie-Agnès; Briones-Herrera, Alfredo; Broaddus, V Courtney; Brodersen, Peter; Brodsky, Jeffrey L; Brody, Steven L; Bronson, Paola G; Bronstein, Jeff M; Brown, Carolyn N; Brown, Rhoderick E; Brum, Patricia C; Brumell, John H; Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola; Bruno, Daniele; Bryson-Richardson, Robert J; Bucci, Cecilia; Buchrieser, Carmen; Bueno, Marta; Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa; Buraschi, Simone; Buch, Shilpa; Buchan, J Ross; Buckingham, Erin M; Budak, Hikmet; Budini, Mauricio; Bultynck, Geert; Burada, Florin; Burgoyne, Joseph R; Burón, M Isabel; Bustos, Victor; Büttner, Sabrina; Butturini, Elena; Byrd, Aaron; Cabas, Isabel; Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra; Cadwell, Ken; Cai, Jingjing; Cai, Lu; Cai, Qian; Cairó, Montserrat; Calbet, Jose A; Caldwell, Guy A; Caldwell, Kim A; Call, Jarrod A; Calvani, Riccardo; Calvo, Ana C; Calvo-Rubio Barrera, Miguel; Camara, Niels Os; Camonis, Jacques H; Camougrand, Nadine; Campanella, Michelangelo; Campbell, Edward M; Campbell-Valois, François-Xavier; Campello, Silvia; Campesi, Ilaria; Campos, Juliane C; Camuzard, Olivier; Cancino, Jorge; Candido de Almeida, Danilo; Canesi, Laura; Caniggia, Isabella; Canonico, Barbara; CantÃ, Carles; Cao, Bin; Caraglia, Michele; Caramés, Beatriz; Carchman, Evie H; Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena; Cardenas, Cesar; Cardenas, Luis; Cardoso, Sandra M; Carew, Jennifer S; Carle, Georges F; Carleton, Gillian; Carloni, Silvia; Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac; Carneiro, Leticia A; Carnevali, Oliana; Carosi, Julian M; Carra, Serena; Carrier, Alice; Carrier, Lucie; Carroll, Bernadette; Carter, A Brent; Carvalho, Andreia Neves; Casanova, Magali; Casas, Caty; Casas, Josefina; Cassioli, Chiara; Castillo, Eliseo F; Castillo, Karen; Castillo-Lluva, Sonia; Castoldi, Francesca; Castori, Marco; Castro, Ariel F; Castro-Caldas, Margarida; Castro-Hernandez, Javier; Castro-Obregon, Susana; Catz, Sergio D; Cavadas, Claudia; Cavaliere, Federica; Cavallini, Gabriella; Cavinato, Maria; Cayuela, Maria L; Cebollada Rica, Paula; Cecarini, Valentina; Cecconi, Francesco; Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna; Cenci, Simone; Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victòria; Cerqueira, João J; Cerutti, Janete M; Cervia, Davide; Cetintas, Vildan Bozok; Cetrullo, Silvia; Chae, Han-Jung; Chagin, Andrei S; Chai, Chee-Yin; Chakrabarti, Gopal; Chakrabarti, Oishee; Chakraborty, Tapas; Chakraborty, Trinad; Chami, Mounia; Chamilos, Georgios; Chan, David W; Chan, Edmond Y W; Chan, Edward D; Chan, H Y Edwin; Chan, Helen H; Chan, Hung; Chan, Matthew T V; Chan, Yau Sang; Chandra, Partha K; Chang, Chih-Peng; Chang, Chunmei; Chang, Hao-Chun; Chang, Kai; Chao, Jie; Chapman, Tracey; Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas; Chatterjee, Samrat; Chaube, Shail K; Chaudhary, Anu; Chauhan, Santosh; Chaum, Edward; Checler, Frédéric; Cheetham, Michael E; Chen, Chang-Shi; Chen, Guang-Chao; Chen, Jian-Fu; Chen, Liam L; Chen, Leilei; Chen, Lin; Chen, Mingliang; Chen, Mu-Kuan; Chen, Ning; Chen, Quan; Chen, Ruey-Hwa; Chen, Shi; Chen, Wei; Chen, Weiqiang; Chen, Xin-Ming; Chen, Xiong-Wen; Chen, Xu; Chen, Yan; Chen, Ye-Guang; Chen, Yingyu; Chen, Yongqiang; Chen, Yu-Jen; Chen, Yue-Qin; Chen, Zhefan Stephen; Chen, Zhi; Chen, Zhi-Hua; Chen, Zhijian J; Chen, Zhixiang; Cheng, Hanhua; Cheng, Jun; Cheng, Shi-Yuan; Cheng, Wei; Cheng, Xiaodong; Cheng, Xiu-Tang; Cheng, Yiyun; Cheng, Zhiyong; Chen, Zhong; Cheong, Heesun; Cheong, Jit Kong; Chernyak, Boris V; Cherry, Sara; Cheung, Chi Fai Randy; Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio; Cheung, King-Ho; Chevet, Eric; Chi, Richard J; Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing; Chiaradonna, Ferdinando; Chiarelli, Roberto; Chiariello, Mario; Chica, Nathalia; Chiocca, Susanna; Chiong, Mario; Chiou, Shih-Hwa; Chiramel, Abhilash I; Chiurchiù, Valerio; Cho, Dong-Hyung; Choe, Seong-Kyu; Choi, Augustine M K; Choi, Mary E; Choudhury, Kamalika Roy; Chow, Norman S; Chu, Charleen T; Chua, Jason P; Chua, John Jia En; Chung, Hyewon; Chung, Kin Pan; Chung, Seockhoon; Chung, So-Hyang; Chung, Yuen-Li; Cianfanelli, Valentina; Ciechomska, Iwona A; Cifuentes, Mariana; Cinque, Laura; Cirak, Sebahattin; Cirone, Mara; Clague, Michael J; Clarke, Robert; Clementi, Emilio; Coccia, Eliana M; Codogno, Patrice; Cohen, Ehud; Cohen, Mickael M; Colasanti, Tania; Colasuonno, Fiorella; Colbert, Robert A; Colell, Anna; ÄŒolić, Miodrag; Coll, Nuria S; Collins, Mark O; Colombo, María I; Colón-Ramos, Daniel A; Combaret, Lydie; Comincini, Sergio; Cominetti, Márcia R; Consiglio, Antonella; Conte, Andrea; Conti, Fabrizio; Contu, Viorica Raluca; Cookson, Mark R; Coombs, Kevin M; Coppens, Isabelle; Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana; Corkery, Dale P; Cordes, Nils; Cortese, Katia; Costa, Maria do Carmo; Costantino, Sarah; Costelli, Paola; Coto-Montes, Ana; Crack, Peter J; Crespo, Jose L; Criollo, Alfredo; Crippa, Valeria; Cristofani, Riccardo; Csizmadia, Tamas; Cuadrado, Antonio; Cui, Bing; Cui, Jun; Cui, Yixian; Cui, Yong; Culetto, Emmanuel; Cumino, Andrea C; Cybulsky, Andrey V; Czaja, Mark J; Czuczwar, Stanislaw J; D'Adamo, Stefania; D'Amelio, Marcello; D'Arcangelo, Daniela; D'Lugos, Andrew C; D'Orazi, Gabriella; da Silva, James A; Dafsari, Hormos Salimi; Dagda, Ruben K; Dagdas, Yasin; Daglia, Maria; Dai, Xiaoxia; Dai, Yun; Dai, Yuyuan; Dal Col, Jessica; Dalhaimer, Paul; Dalla Valle, Luisa; Dallenga, Tobias; Dalmasso, Guillaume; Damme, Markus; Dando, Ilaria; Dantuma, Nico P; Darling, April L; Das, Hiranmoy; Dasarathy, Srinivasan; Dasari, Santosh K; Dash, Srikanta; Daumke, Oliver; Dauphinee, Adrian N; Davies, Jeffrey S; Dávila, Valeria A; Davis, Roger J; Davis, Tanja; Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha; De Amicis, Francesca; De Bosscher, Karolien; De Felice, Francesca; De Franceschi, Lucia; De Leonibus, Chiara; de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara G; De Meyer, Guido R Y; De Milito, Angelo; De Nunzio, Cosimo; De Palma, Clara; De Santi, Mauro; De Virgilio, Claudio; De Zio, Daniela; Debnath, Jayanta; DeBosch, Brian J; Decuypere, Jean-Paul; Deehan, Mark A; Deflorian, Gianluca; DeGregori, James; Dehay, Benjamin; Del Rio, Gabriel; Delaney, Joe R; Delbridge, Lea M D; Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth; Delpino, M Victoria; Demarchi, Francesca; Dembitz, Vilma; Demers, Nicholas D; Deng, Hongbin; Deng, Zhiqiang; Dengjel, Joern; Dent, Paul; Denton, Donna; DePamphilis, Melvin L; Der, Channing J; Deretic, Vojo; Descoteaux, Albert; Devis, Laura; Devkota, Sushil; Devuyst, Olivier; Dewson, Grant; Dharmasivam, Mahendiran; Dhiman, Rohan; di Bernardo, Diego; Di Cristina, Manlio; Di Domenico, Fabio; Di Fazio, Pietro; Di Fonzo, Alessio; Di Guardo, Giovanni; Di Guglielmo, Gianni M; Di Leo, Luca; Di Malta, Chiara; Di Nardo, Alessia; Di Rienzo, Martina; Di Sano, Federica; Diallinas, George; Diao, Jiajie; Diaz-Araya, Guillermo; DÃaz-Laviada, Inés; Dickinson, Jared M; Diederich, Marc; Dieudé, Mélanie; Dikic, Ivan; Ding, Shiping; Ding, Wen-Xing; Dini, Luciana; Dinić, Jelena; Dinic, Miroslav; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T; Dionne, Marc S; Distler, Jörg H W; Diwan, Abhinav; Dixon, Ian M C; Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan; Dobrinski, Ina; Dobrovinskaya, Oxana; Dobrowolski, Radek; Dobson, Renwick C J; Äokić, Jelena; Dokmeci Emre, Serap; Donadelli, Massimo; Dong, Bo; Dong, Xiaonan; Dong, Zhiwu; Dorn Ii, Gerald W; Dotsch, Volker; Dou, Huan; Dou, Juan; Dowaidar, Moataz; Dridi, Sami; Drucker, Liat; Du, Ailian; Du, Caigan; Du, Guangwei; Du, Hai-Ning; Du, Li-Lin; du Toit, André; Duan, Shao-Bin; Duan, Xiaoqiong; Duarte, Sónia P; Dubrovska, Anna; Dunlop, Elaine A; Dupont, Nicolas; Durán, Raúl V; Dwarakanath, Bilikere S; Dyshlovoy, Sergey A; Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius; Eckhart, Leopold; Edelstein, Charles L; Efferth, Thomas; Eftekharpour, Eftekhar; Eichinger, Ludwig; Eid, Nabil; Eisenberg, Tobias; Eissa, N Tony; Eissa, Sanaa; Ejarque, Miriam; El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar; El-Hage, Nazira; El-Naggar, Shahenda; Eleuteri, Anna Maria; El-Shafey, Eman S; Elgendy, Mohamed; Eliopoulos, Aristides G; Elizalde, María M; Elks, Philip M; Elsasser, Hans-Peter; Elsherbiny, Eslam S; Emerling, Brooke M; Emre, N C Tolga; Eng, Christina H; Engedal, Nikolai; Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart; Engelsen, Agnete S T; Enserink, Jorrit M; Escalante, Ricardo; Esclatine, Audrey; Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda; Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa; Espert, Lucile; Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola; Fabrias, Gemma; Fabrizi, Cinzia; Facchiano, Antonio; Facchiano, Francesco; Fadeel, Bengt; Fader, Claudio; Faesen, Alex C; Fairlie, W Douglas; Falcó, Alberto; Falkenburger, Bjorn H; Fan, Daping; Fan, Jie; Fan, Yanbo; Fang, Evandro F; Fang, Yanshan; Fang, Yognqi; Fanto, Manolis; Farfel-Becker, Tamar; Faure, Mathias; Fazeli, Gholamreza; Fedele, Anthony O; Feldman, Arthur M; Feng, Du; Feng, Jiachun; Feng, Lifeng; Feng, Yibin; Feng, Yuchen; Feng, Wei; Fenz Araujo, Thais; Ferguson, Thomas A; Fernández, Ãlvaro F; Fernandez-Checa, Jose C; Fernández-Veledo, Sonia; Fernie, Alisdair R; Ferrante, Anthony W; Ferraresi, Alessandra; Ferrari, Merari F; Ferreira, Julio C B; Ferro-Novick, Susan; Figueras, Antonio; Filadi, Riccardo; Filigheddu, Nicoletta; Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo; Filomeni, Giuseppe; Fimia, Gian Maria; Fineschi, Vittorio; Finetti, Francesca; Finkbeiner, Steven; Fisher, Edward A; Fisher, Paul B; Flamigni, Flavio; Fliesler, Steven J; Flo, Trude H; Florance, Ida; Florey, Oliver; Florio, Tullio; Fodor, Erika; Follo, Carlo; Fon, Edward A; Forlino, Antonella; Fornai, Francesco; Fortini, Paola; Fracassi, Anna; Fraldi, Alessandro; Franco, Brunella; Franco, Rodrigo; Franconi, Flavia; Frankel, Lisa B; Friedman, Scott L; Fröhlich, Leopold F; Frühbeck, Gema; Fuentes, Jose M; Fujiki, Yukio; Fujita, Naonobu; Fujiwara, Yuuki; Fukuda, Mitsunori; Fulda, Simone; Furic, Luc; Furuya, Norihiko; Fusco, Carmela; Gack, Michaela U; Gaffke, Lidia; Galadari, Sehamuddin; Galasso, Alessia; Galindo, Maria F; Gallolu Kankanamalage, Sachith; Galluzzi, Lorenzo; Galy, Vincent; Gammoh, Noor; Gan, Boyi; Ganley, Ian G; Gao, Feng; Gao, Hui; Gao, Minghui; Gao, Ping; Gao, Shou-Jiang; Gao, Wentao; Gao, Xiaobo; Garcera, Ana; Garcia, Maria Noé; Garcia, Verónica E; García-Del Portillo, Francisco; Garcia-Escudero, Vega; Garcia-Garcia, Aracely; Garcia-Macia, Marina; García-Moreno, Diana; Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen; García-Sanz, Patricia; Garg, Abhishek D; Gargini, Ricardo; Garofalo, Tina; Garry, Robert F; Gassen, Nils C; Gatica, Damian; Ge, Liang; Ge, Wanzhong; Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth; Gelfi, Cecilia; Genschik, Pascal; Gentle, Ian E; Gerbino, Valeria; Gerhardt, Christoph; Germain, Kyla; Germain, Marc; Gewirtz, David A; Ghasemipour Afshar, Elham; Ghavami, Saeid; Ghigo, Alessandra; Ghosh, Manosij; Giamas, Georgios; Giampietri, Claudia; Giatromanolaki, Alexandra; Gibson, Gary E; Gibson, Spencer B; Ginet, Vanessa; Giniger, Edward; Giorgi, Carlotta; Girao, Henrique; Girardin, Stephen E; Giridharan, Mridhula; Giuliano, Sandy; Giulivi, Cecilia; Giuriato, Sylvie; Giustiniani, Julien; Gluschko, Alexander; Goder, Veit; Goginashvili, Alexander; Golab, Jakub; Goldstone, David C; Golebiewska, Anna; Gomes, Luciana R; Gomez, Rodrigo; Gómez-Sánchez, Rubén; Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina; Gomez-Sintes, Raquel; Gong, Qingqiu; Goni, Felix M; González-Gallego, Javier; Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas; Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa A; Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose A; González-RodrÃguez, Patricia; Goping, Ing Swie; Gorbatyuk, Marina S; Gorbunov, Nikolai V; Görgülü, Kıvanç; Gorojod, Roxana M; Gorski, Sharon M; Goruppi, Sandro; Gotor, Cecilia; Gottlieb, Roberta A; Gozes, Illana; Gozuacik, Devrim; Graef, Martin; Gräler, Markus H; Granatiero, Veronica; Grasso, Daniel; Gray, Joshua P; Green, Douglas R; Greenhough, Alexander; Gregory, Stephen L; Griffin, Edward F; Grinstaff, Mark W; Gros, Frederic; Grose, Charles; Gross, Angelina S; Gruber, Florian; Grumati, Paolo; Grune, Tilman; Gu, Xueyan; Guan, Jun-Lin; Guardia, Carlos M; Guda, Kishore; Guerra, Flora; Guerri, Consuelo; Guha, Prasun; Guillén, Carlos; Gujar, Shashi; Gukovskaya, Anna; Gukovsky, Ilya; Gunst, Jan; Günther, Andreas; Guntur, Anyonya R; Guo, Chuanyong; Guo, Chun; Guo, Hongqing; Guo, Lian-Wang; Guo, Ming; Gupta, Pawan; Gupta, Shashi Kumar; Gupta, Swapnil; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek; Gustafsson, Asa B; Gutterman, David D; H B, Ranjitha; Haapasalo, Annakaisa; Haber, James E; Hać, Aleksandra; Hadano, Shinji; Hafrén, Anders J; Haidar, Mansour; Hall, Belinda S; Halldén, Gunnel; Hamacher-Brady, Anne; Hamann, Andrea; Hamasaki, Maho; Han, Weidong; Hansen, Malene; Hanson, Phyllis I; Hao, Zijian; Harada, Masaru; Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica; Hariharan, Nirmala; Haroon, Nigil; Harris, James; Hasegawa, Takafumi; Hasima Nagoor, Noor; Haspel, Jeffrey A; Haucke, Volker; Hawkins, Wayne D; Hay, Bruce A; Haynes, Cole M; Hayrabedyan, Soren B; Hays, Thomas S; He, Congcong; He, Qin; He, Rong-Rong; He, You-Wen; He, Yu-Ying; Heakal, Yasser; Heberle, Alexander M; Hejtmancik, J Fielding; Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir; Henkel, Vanessa; Herb, Marc; Hergovich, Alexander; Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna; Hernández, AgustÃn; Hernandez, Carlos; Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio; Hernandez-Gea, Virginia; Herpin, Amaury; Herreros, Judit; Hervás, Javier H; Hesselson, Daniel; Hetz, Claudio; Heussler, Volker T; Higuchi, Yujiro; Hilfiker, Sabine; Hill, Joseph A; Hlavacek, William S; Ho, Emmanuel A; Ho, Idy H T; Ho, Philip Wing-Lok; Ho, Shu-Leong; Ho, Wan Yun; Hobbs, G Aaron; Hochstrasser, Mark; Hoet, Peter H M; Hofius, Daniel; Hofman, Paul; Höhn, Annika; Holmberg, Carina I; Hombrebueno, Jose R; Yi-Ren Hong, Chang-Won Hong; Hooper, Lora V; Hoppe, Thorsten; Horos, Rastislav; Hoshida, Yujin; Hsin, I-Lun; Hsu, Hsin-Yun; Hu, Bing; Hu, Dong; Hu, Li-Fang; Hu, Ming Chang; Hu, Ronggui; Hu, Wei; Hu, Yu-Chen; Hu, Zhuo-Wei; Hua, Fang; Hua, Jinlian; Hua, Yingqi; Huan, Chongmin; Huang, Canhua; Huang, Chuanshu; Huang, Chuanxin; Huang, Chunling; Huang, Haishan; Huang, Kun; Huang, Michael L H; Huang, Rui; Huang, Shan; Huang, Tianzhi; Huang, Xing; Huang, Yuxiang Jack; Huber, Tobias B; Hubert, Virginie; Hubner, Christian A; Hughes, Stephanie M; Hughes, William E; Humbert, Magali; Hummer, Gerhard; Hurley, James H; Hussain, Sabah; Hussain, Salik; Hussey, Patrick J; Hutabarat, Martina; Hwang, Hui-Yun; Hwang, Seungmin; Ieni, Antonio; Ikeda, Fumiyo; Imagawa, Yusuke; Imai, Yuzuru; Imbriano, Carol; Imoto, Masaya; Inman, Denise M; Inoki, Ken; Iovanna, Juan; Iozzo, Renato V; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Irazoqui, Javier E; Iribarren, Pablo; Ishaq, Mohd; Ishikawa, Makoto; Ishimwe, Nestor; Isidoro, Ciro; Ismail, Nahed; Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh; Itakura, Eisuke; Ito, Daisuke; Ivankovic, Davor; Ivanova, SaÅ¡ka; Iyer, Anand Krishnan V; Izquierdo, José M; Izumi, Masanori; Jäättelä, Marja; Jabir, Majid Sakhi; Jackson, William T; Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia; Jacomin, Anne-Claire; Jacquin, Elise; Jadiya, Pooja; Jaeschke, Hartmut; Jagannath, Chinnaswamy; Jakobi, Arjen J; Jakobsson, Johan; Janji, Bassam; Jansen-Dürr, Pidder; Jansson, Patric J; Jantsch, Jonathan; Januszewski, SÅ‚awomir; Jassey, Alagie; Jean, Steve; Jeltsch-David, Hélène; Jendelova, Pavla; Jenny, Andreas; Jensen, Thomas E; Jessen, Niels; Jewell, Jenna L; Ji, Jing; Jia, Lijun; Jia, Rui; Jiang, Liwen; Jiang, Qing; Jiang, Richeng; Jiang, Teng; Jiang, Xuejun; Jiang, Yu; Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria; Jin, Eun-Jung; Jin, Fengyan; Jin, Hongchuan; Jin, Li; Jin, Luqi; Jin, Meiyan; Jin, Si; Jo, Eun-Kyeong; Joffre, Carine; Johansen, Terje; Johnson, Gail V W; Johnston, Simon A; Jokitalo, Eija; Jolly, Mohit Kumar; Joosten, Leo A B; Jordan, Joaquin; Joseph, Bertrand; Ju, Dianwen; Ju, Jeong-Sun; Ju, Jingfang; Juárez, Esmeralda; Judith, Delphine; Juhász, Gábor; Jun, Youngsoo; Jung, Chang Hwa; Jung, Sung-Chul; Jung, Yong Keun; Jungbluth, Heinz; Jungverdorben, Johannes; Just, Steffen; Kaarniranta, Kai; Kaasik, Allen; Kabuta, Tomohiro; Kaganovich, Daniel; Kahana, Alon; Kain, Renate; Kajimura, Shinjo; Kalamvoki, Maria; Kalia, Manjula; Kalinowski, Danuta S; Kaludercic, Nina; Kalvari, Ioanna; Kaminska, Joanna; Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O; Kanamori, Hiromitsu; Kanasaki, Keizo; Kang, Chanhee; Kang, Rui; Kang, Sang Sun; Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan; Kanki, Tomotake; Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi; Kanthasamy, Anumantha G; Kanthasamy, Arthi; Kantorow, Marc; Kapuy, Orsolya; Karamouzis, Michalis V; Karim, Md Razaul; Karmakar, Parimal; Katare, Rajesh G; Kato, Masaru; Kaufmann, Stefan H E; Kauppinen, Anu; Kaushal, Gur P; Kaushik, Susmita; Kawasaki, Kiyoshi; Kazan, Kemal; Ke, Po-Yuan; Keating, Damien J; Keber, Ursula; Kehrl, John H; Keller, Kate E; Keller, Christian W; Kemper, Jongsook Kim; Kenific, Candia M; Kepp, Oliver; Kermorgant, Stephanie; Kern, Andreas; Ketteler, Robin; Keulers, Tom G; Khalfin, Boris; Khalil, Hany; Khambu, Bilon; Khan, Shahid Y; Khandelwal, Vinoth Kumar Megraj; Khandia, Rekha; Kho, Widuri; Khobrekar, Noopur V; Khuansuwan, Sataree; Khundadze, Mukhran; Killackey, Samuel A; Kim, Dasol; Kim, Deok Ryong; Kim, Do-Hyung; Kim, Dong-Eun; Kim, Eun Young; Kim, Eun-Kyoung; Kim, Hak-Rim; Kim, Hee-Sik; Kim, Jeong Hun; Kim, Jin Kyung; Kim, Jin-Hoi; Kim, Joungmok; Kim, Ju Hwan; Kim, Keun Il; Kim, Peter K; Kim, Seong-Jun; Kimball, Scot R; Kimchi, Adi; Kimmelman, Alec C; Kimura, Tomonori; King, Matthew A; Kinghorn, Kerri J; Kinsey, Conan G; Kirkin, Vladimir; Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A; Kiselev, Sergey L; Kishi, Shuji; Kitamoto, Katsuhiko; Kitaoka, Yasushi; Kitazato, Kaio; Kitsis, Richard N; Kittler, Josef T; Kjaerulff, Ole; Klein, Peter S; Klopstock, Thomas; Klucken, Jochen; Knævelsrud, Helene; Knorr, Roland L; Ko, Ben C B; Ko, Fred; Ko, Jiunn-Liang; Kobayashi, Hotaka; Kobayashi, Satoru; Koch, Ina; Koch, Jan C; Koenig, Ulrich; Kögel, Donat; Koh, Young Ho; Koike, Masato; Kohlwein, Sepp D; Kocaturk, Nur M; Komatsu, Masaaki; König, Jeannette; Kono, Toru; Kopp, Benjamin T; Korcsmaros, Tamas; Korkmaz, Gözde; Korolchuk, Viktor I; Korsnes, Mónica Suárez; Koskela, Ali; Kota, Janaiah; Kotake, Yaichiro; Kotler, Monica L; Kou, Yanjun; Koukourakis, Michael I; Koustas, Evangelos; Kovacs, Attila L; Kovács, Tibor; Koya, Daisuke; Kozako, Tomohiro; Kraft, Claudine; Krainc, Dimitri; Krämer, Helmut; Krasnodembskaya, Anna D; Kretz-Remy, Carole; Kroemer, Guido; Ktistakis, Nicholas T; Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki; Kuenen, Sabine; Kuerschner, Lars; Kukar, Thomas; Kumar, Ajay; Kumar, Ashok; Kumar, Deepak; Kumar, Dhiraj; Kumar, Sharad; Kume, Shinji; Kumsta, Caroline; Kundu, Chanakya N; Kundu, Mondira; Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B; Kurgan, Lukasz; Kutateladze, Tatiana G; Kutlu, Ozlem; Kwak, SeongAe; Kwon, Ho Jeong; Kwon, Taeg Kyu; Kwon, Yong Tae; Kyrmizi, Irene; La Spada, Albert; Labonté, Patrick; Ladoire, Sylvain; Laface, Ilaria; Lafont, Frank; Lagace, Diane C; Lahiri, Vikramjit; Lai, Zhibing; Laird, Angela S; Lakkaraju, Aparna; Lamark, Trond; Lan, Sheng-Hui; Landajuela, Ane; Lane, Darius J R; Lane, Jon D; Lang, Charles H; Lange, Carsten; Langel, Ãœlo; Langer, Rupert; Lapaquette, Pierre; Laporte, Jocelyn; LaRusso, Nicholas F; Lastres-Becker, Isabel; Lau, Wilson Chun Yu; Laurie, Gordon W; Lavandero, Sergio; Law, Betty Yuen Kwan; Law, Helen Ka-Wai; Layfield, Rob; Le, Weidong; Le Stunff, Herve; Leary, Alexandre Y; Lebrun, Jean-Jacques; Leck, Lionel Y W; Leduc-Gaudet, Jean-Philippe; Lee, Changwook; Lee, Chung-Pei; Lee, Da-Hye; Lee, Edward B; Lee, Erinna F; Lee, Gyun Min; Lee, He-Jin; Lee, Heung Kyu; Lee, Jae Man; Lee, Jason S; Lee, Jin-A; Lee, Joo-Yong; Lee, Jun Hee; Lee, Michael; Lee, Min Goo; Lee, Min Jae; Lee, Myung-Shik; Lee, Sang Yoon; Lee, Seung-Jae; Lee, Stella Y; Lee, Sung Bae; Lee, Won Hee; Lee, Ying-Ray; Lee, Yong-Ho; Lee, Youngil; Lefebvre, Christophe; Legouis, Renaud; Lei, Yu L; Lei, Yuchen; Leikin, Sergey; Leitinger, Gerd; Lemus, Leticia; Leng, Shuilong; Lenoir, Olivia; Lenz, Guido; Lenz, Heinz Josef; Lenzi, Paola; León, Yolanda; Leopoldino, Andréia M; Leschczyk, Christoph; Leskelä, Stina; Letellier, Elisabeth; Leung, Chi-Ting; Leung, Po Sing; Leventhal, Jeremy S; Levine, Beth; Lewis, Patrick A; Ley, Klaus; Li, Bin; Li, Da-Qiang; Li, Jianming; Li, Jing; Li, Jiong; Li, Ke; Li, Liwu; Li, Mei; Li, Min; Li, Min; Li, Ming; Li, Mingchuan; Li, Pin-Lan; Li, Ming-Qing; Li, Qing; Li, Sheng; Li, Tiangang; Li, Wei; Li, Wenming; Li, Xue; Li, Yi-Ping; Li, Yuan; Li, Zhiqiang; Li, Zhiyong; Li, Zhiyuan; Lian, Jiqin; Liang, Chengyu; Liang, Qiangrong; Liang, Weicheng; Liang, Yongheng; Liang, YongTian; Liao, Guanghong; Liao, Lujian; Liao, Mingzhi; Liao, Yung-Feng; Librizzi, Mariangela; Lie, Pearl P Y; Lilly, Mary A; Lim, Hyunjung J; Lima, Thania R R; Limana, Federica; Lin, Chao; Lin, Chih-Wen; Lin, Dar-Shong; Lin, Fu-Cheng; Lin, Jiandie D; Lin, Kurt M; Lin, Kwang-Huei; Lin, Liang-Tzung; Lin, Pei-Hui; Lin, Qiong; Lin, Shaofeng; Lin, Su-Ju; Lin, Wenyu; Lin, Xueying; Lin, Yao-Xin; Lin, Yee-Shin; Linden, Rafael; Lindner, Paula; Ling, Shuo-Chien; Lingor, Paul; Linnemann, Amelia K; Liou, Yih-Cherng; Lipinski, Marta M; LipovÅ¡ek, SaÅ¡ka; Lira, Vitor A; Lisiak, Natalia; Liton, Paloma B; Liu, Chao; Liu, Ching-Hsuan; Liu, Chun-Feng; Liu, Cui Hua; Liu, Fang; Liu, Hao; Liu, Hsiao-Sheng; Liu, Hua-Feng; Liu, Huifang; Liu, Jia; Liu, Jing; Liu, Julia; Liu, Leyuan; Liu, Longhua; Liu, Meilian; Liu, Qin; Liu, Wei; Liu, Wende; Liu, Xiao-Hong; Liu, Xiaodong; Liu, Xingguo; Liu, Xu; Liu, Xuedong; Liu, Yanfen; Liu, Yang; Liu, Yang; Liu, Yueyang; Liu, Yule; Livingston, J Andrew; Lizard, Gerard; Lizcano, Jose M; Ljubojevic-Holzer, Senka; LLeonart, Matilde E; Llobet-Navà s, David; Llorente, Alicia; Lo, Chih Hung; Lobato-Márquez, Damián; Long, Qi; Long, Yun Chau; Loos, Ben; Loos, Julia A; López, Manuela G; López-Doménech, Guillermo; López-Guerrero, José Antonio; López-Jiménez, Ana T; López-Pérez, Óscar; López-Valero, Israel; Lorenowicz, Magdalena J; Lorente, Mar; Lorincz, Peter; Lossi, Laura; Lotersztajn, Sophie; Lovat, Penny E; Lovell, Jonathan F; Lovy, Alenka; LÅ‘w, Péter; Lu, Guang; Lu, Haocheng; Lu, Jia-Hong; Lu, Jin-Jian; Lu, Mengji; Lu, Shuyan; Luciani, Alessandro; Lucocq, John M; Ludovico, Paula; Luftig, Micah A; Luhr, Morten; Luis-Ravelo, Diego; Lum, Julian J; Luna-Dulcey, Liany; Lund, Anders H; Lund, Viktor K; Lünemann, Jan D; Lüningschrör, Patrick; Luo, Honglin; Luo, Rongcan; Luo, Shouqing; Luo, Zhi; Luparello, Claudio; Lüscher, Bernhard; Luu, Luan; Lyakhovich, Alex; Lyamzaev, Konstantin G; Lystad, Alf HÃ¥kon; Lytvynchuk, Lyubomyr; Ma, Alvin C; Ma, Changle; Ma, Mengxiao; Ma, Ning-Fang; Ma, Quan-Hong; Ma, Xinliang; Ma, Yueyun; Ma, Zhenyi; MacDougald, Ormond A; Macian, Fernando; MacIntosh, Gustavo C; MacKeigan, Jeffrey P; Macleod, Kay F; Maday, Sandra; Madeo, Frank; Madesh, Muniswamy; Madl, Tobias; Madrigal-Matute, Julio; Maeda, Akiko; Maejima, Yasuhiro; Magarinos, Marta; Mahavadi, Poornima; Maiani, Emiliano; Maiese, Kenneth; Maiti, Panchanan; Maiuri, Maria Chiara; Majello, Barbara; Major, Michael B; Makareeva, Elena; Malik, Fayaz; Mallilankaraman, Karthik; Malorni, Walter; Maloyan, Alina; Mammadova, Najiba; Man, Gene Chi Wai; Manai, Federico; Mancias, Joseph D; Mandelkow, Eva-Maria; Mandell, Michael A; Manfredi, Angelo A; Manjili, Masoud H; Manjithaya, Ravi; Manque, Patricio; Manshian, Bella B; Manzano, Raquel; Manzoni, Claudia; Mao, Kai; Marchese, Cinzia; Marchetti, Sandrine; Marconi, Anna Maria; Marcucci, Fabrizio; Mardente, Stefania; Mareninova, Olga A; Margeta, Marta; Mari, Muriel; Marinelli, Sara; Marinelli, Oliviero; Mariño, Guillermo; Mariotto, Sofia; Marshall, Richard S; Marten, Mark R; Martens, Sascha; Martin, Alexandre P J; Martin, Katie R; Martin, Sara; Martin, Shaun; MartÃn-Segura, Adrián; MartÃn-Acebes, Miguel A; Martin-Burriel, Inmaculada; Martin-Rincon, Marcos; Martin-Sanz, Paloma; Martina, José A; Martinet, Wim; Martinez, Aitor; Martinez, Ana; Martinez, Jennifer; Martinez Velazquez, Moises; Martinez-Lopez, Nuria; Martinez-Vicente, Marta; Martins, Daniel O; Martins, Joilson O; Martins, Waleska K; Martins-Marques, Tania; Marzetti, Emanuele; Masaldan, Shashank; Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine; Mashek, Douglas G; Massa, Valentina; Massieu, Lourdes; Masson, Glenn R; Masuelli, Laura; Masyuk, Anatoliy I; Masyuk, Tetyana V; Matarrese, Paola; Matheu, Ander; Matoba, Satoaki; Matsuzaki, Sachiko; Mattar, Pamela; Matte, Alessandro; Mattoscio, Domenico; Mauriz, José L; Mauthe, Mario; Mauvezin, Caroline; Maverakis, Emanual; Maycotte, Paola; Mayer, Johanna; Mazzoccoli, Gianluigi; Mazzoni, Cristina; Mazzulli, Joseph R; McCarty, Nami; McDonald, Christine; McGill, Mitchell R; McKenna, Sharon L; McLaughlin, BethAnn; McLoughlin, Fionn; McNiven, Mark A; McWilliams, Thomas G; Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima; Medeiros, Tania Catarina; Medina, Diego L; Megeney, Lynn A; Megyeri, Klara; Mehrpour, Maryam; Mehta, Jawahar L; Meijer, Alfred J; Meijer, Annemarie H; Mejlvang, Jakob; Meléndez, Alicia; Melk, Annette; Memisoglu, Gonen; Mendes, Alexandrina F; Meng, Delong; Meng, Fei; Meng, Tian; Menna-Barreto, Rubem; Menon, Manoj B; Mercer, Carol; Mercier, Anne E; Mergny, Jean-Louis; Merighi, Adalberto; Merkley, Seth D; Merla, Giuseppe; Meske, Volker; Mestre, Ana Cecilia; Metur, Shree Padma; Meyer, Christian; Meyer, Hemmo; Mi, Wenyi; Mialet-Perez, Jeanne; Miao, Junying; Micale, Lucia; Miki, Yasuo; Milan, Enrico; Milczarek, MaÅ‚gorzata; Miller, Dana L; Miller, Samuel I; Miller, Silke; Millward, Steven W; Milosevic, Ira; Minina, Elena A; Mirzaei, Hamed; Mirzaei, Hamid Reza; Mirzaei, Mehdi; Mishra, Amit; Mishra, Nandita; Mishra, Paras Kumar; Misirkic Marjanovic, Maja; Misasi, Roberta; Misra, Amit; Misso, Gabriella; Mitchell, Claire; Mitou, Geraldine; Miura, Tetsuji; Miyamoto, Shigeki; Miyazaki, Makoto; Miyazaki, Mitsunori; Miyazaki, Taiga; Miyazawa, Keisuke; Mizushima, Noboru; Mogensen, Trine H; Mograbi, Baharia; Mohammadinejad, Reza; Mohamud, Yasir; Mohanty, Abhishek; Mohapatra, Sipra; Möhlmann, Torsten; Mohmmed, Asif; Moles, Anna; Moley, Kelle H; Molinari, Maurizio; Mollace, Vincenzo; Møller, Andreas Buch; Mollereau, Bertrand; Mollinedo, Faustino; Montagna, Costanza; Monteiro, Mervyn J; Montella, Andrea; Montes, L Ruth; Montico, Barbara; Mony, Vinod K; Monzio Compagnoni, Giacomo; Moore, Michael N; Moosavi, Mohammad A; Mora, Ana L; Mora, Marina; Morales-Alamo, David; Moratalla, Rosario; Moreira, Paula I; Morelli, Elena; Moreno, Sandra; Moreno-Blas, Daniel; Moresi, Viviana; Morga, Benjamin; Morgan, Alwena H; Morin, Fabrice; Morishita, Hideaki; Moritz, Orson L; Moriyama, Mariko; Moriyasu, Yuji; Morleo, Manuela; Morselli, Eugenia; Moruno-Manchon, Jose F; Moscat, Jorge; Mostowy, Serge; Motori, Elisa; Moura, Andrea Felinto; Moustaid-Moussa, Naima; Mrakovcic, Maria; Muciño-Hernández, Gabriel; Mukherjee, Anupam; Mukhopadhyay, Subhadip; Mulcahy Levy, Jean M; Mulero, Victoriano; Muller, Sylviane; Münch, Christian; Munjal, Ashok; Munoz-Canoves, Pura; Muñoz-Galdeano, Teresa; Münz, Christian; Murakawa, Tomokazu; Muratori, Claudia; Murphy, Brona M; Murphy, J Patrick; Murthy, Aditya; Myöhänen, Timo T; Mysorekar, Indira U; Mytych, Jennifer; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad; Nabissi, Massimo; Nagy, Péter; Nah, Jihoon; Nahimana, Aimable; Nakagawa, Ichiro; Nakamura, Ken; Nakatogawa, Hitoshi; Nandi, Shyam S; Nanjundan, Meera; Nanni, Monica; Napolitano, Gennaro; Nardacci, Roberta; Narita, Masashi; Nassif, Melissa; Nathan, Ilana; Natsumeda, Manabu; Naude, Ryno J; Naumann, Christin; Naveiras, Olaia; Navid, Fatemeh; Nawrocki, Steffan T; Nazarko, Taras Y; Nazio, Francesca; Negoita, Florentina; Neill, Thomas; Neisch, Amanda L; Neri, Luca M; Netea, Mihai G; Neubert, Patrick; Neufeld, Thomas P; Neumann, Dietbert; Neutzner, Albert; Newton, Phillip T; Ney, Paul A; Nezis, Ioannis P; Ng, Charlene C W; Ng, Tzi Bun; Nguyen, Hang T T; Nguyen, Long T; Ni, Hong-Min; Nà Cheallaigh, ClÃona; Ni, Zhenhong; Nicolao, M Celeste; Nicoli, Francesco; Nieto-Diaz, Manuel; Nilsson, Per; Ning, Shunbin; Niranjan, Rituraj; Nishimune, Hiroshi; Niso-Santano, Mireia; Nixon, Ralph A; Nobili, Annalisa; Nobrega, Clevio; Noda, Takeshi; Nogueira-Recalde, UxÃa; Nolan, Trevor M; Nombela, Ivan; Novak, Ivana; 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Pajares, Marta; Pajvani, Utpal B; Pal, Rituraj; Paladino, Simona; Pallet, Nicolas; Palmieri, Michela; Palmisano, Giuseppe; Palumbo, Camilla; Pampaloni, Francesco; Pan, Lifeng; Pan, Qingjun; Pan, Wenliang; Pan, Xin; Panasyuk, Ganna; Pandey, Rahul; Pandey, Udai B; Pandya, Vrajesh; Paneni, Francesco; Pang, Shirley Y; Panzarini, Elisa; Papademetrio, Daniela L; Papaleo, Elena; Papinski, Daniel; Papp, Diana; Park, Eun Chan; Park, Hwan Tae; Park, Ji-Man; Park, Jong-In; Park, Joon Tae; Park, Junsoo; Park, Sang Chul; Park, Sang-Youel; Parola, Abraham H; Parys, Jan B; Pasquier, Adrien; Pasquier, Benoit; Passos, João F; Pastore, Nunzia; Patel, Hemal H; Patschan, Daniel; Pattingre, Sophie; Pedraza-Alva, Gustavo; Pedraza-Chaverri, Jose; Pedrozo, Zully; Pei, Gang; Pei, Jianming; Peled-Zehavi, Hadas; Pellegrini, JoaquÃn M; Pelletier, Joffrey; Peñalva, Miguel A; Peng, Di; Peng, Ying; Penna, Fabio; Pennuto, Maria; Pentimalli, Francesca; Pereira, Cláudia Mf; Pereira, Gustavo J S; Pereira, Lilian C; Pereira de Almeida, Luis; 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Post, Martin; Potts, Malia B; Poulton, Joanna; Powers, Ted; Prahlad, Veena; Prajsnar, Tomasz K; Praticò, Domenico; Prencipe, Rosaria; Priault, Muriel; Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula; Promponas, Vasilis J; Proud, Christopher G; Puertollano, Rosa; Puglielli, Luigi; Pulinilkunnil, Thomas; Puri, Deepika; Puri, Rajat; Puyal, Julien; Qi, Xiaopeng; Qi, Yongmei; Qian, Wenbin; Qiang, Lei; Qiu, Yu; Quadrilatero, Joe; Quarleri, Jorge; Raben, Nina; Rabinowich, Hannah; Ragona, Debora; Ragusa, Michael J; Rahimi, Nader; Rahmati, Marveh; Raia, Valeria; Raimundo, Nuno; Rajasekaran, Namakkal-Soorappan; Ramachandra Rao, Sriganesh; Rami, Abdelhaq; RamÃrez-Pardo, Ignacio; Ramsden, David B; Randow, Felix; Rangarajan, Pundi N; Ranieri, Danilo; Rao, Hai; Rao, Lang; Rao, Rekha; Rathore, Sumit; Ratnayaka, J Arjuna; Ratovitski, Edward A; Ravanan, Palaniyandi; Ravegnini, Gloria; Ray, Swapan K; Razani, Babak; Rebecca, Vito; Reggiori, Fulvio; Régnier-Vigouroux, Anne; Reichert, Andreas S; Reigada, David; Reiling, Jan H; Rein, Theo; Reipert, Siegfried; Rekha, Rokeya Sultana; Ren, Hongmei; Ren, Jun; Ren, Weichao; Renault, Tristan; Renga, Giorgia; Reue, Karen; Rewitz, Kim; Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos, Bruna; Riazuddin, S Amer; Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Teresa M; Ricci, Jean-Ehrland; Ricci, Romeo; Riccio, Victoria; Richardson, Des R; Rikihisa, Yasuko; Risbud, Makarand V; Risueño, Ruth M; Ritis, Konstantinos; Rizza, Salvatore; Rizzuto, Rosario; Roberts, Helen C; Roberts, Luke D; Robinson, Katherine J; Roccheri, Maria Carmela; Rocchi, Stephane; Rodney, George G; Rodrigues, Tiago; Rodrigues Silva, Vagner Ramon; Rodriguez, Amaia; Rodriguez-Barrueco, Ruth; Rodriguez-Henche, Nieves; Rodriguez-Rocha, Humberto; Roelofs, Jeroen; Rogers, Robert S; Rogov, Vladimir V; Rojo, Ana I; Rolka, Krzysztof; Romanello, Vanina; Romani, Luigina; Romano, Alessandra; Romano, Patricia S; Romeo-Guitart, David; Romero, Luis C; Romero, Montserrat; Roney, Joseph C; Rongo, Christopher; Roperto, Sante; Rosenfeldt, Mathias T; Rosenstiel, Philip; Rosenwald, Anne G; 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In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
PMID: 33634751
ISSN: 1554-8635
CID: 4800842
