Faculty Bibliography

BACKGROUND:The gender disparity between the number of female and male chairs and program directors has been previously established. The aim of this study was to determine whether any differences in objective credentials existed between male and female plastic surgery department chairs/division chiefs and program directors. METHODS:Information about each plastic surgery program director and chair/chief was extracted from the websites of all institutions affiliated with a plastic surgery residency program. For each individual, information about the length of their career, number of fellowships completed, and number of publications was recorded. The two-tailed t test was used to compare differences between male and female chairs and program directors. RESULTS:A total of 99 chairs were recorded, of which nine (9.1 percent) were female. Of the 99 program directors, 13 (13.1 percent) were female. There was no difference in the number of years in practice or number of fellowships between men and women for either position. On average, male chairs had significantly fewer publications than female chairs (71.9 versus 128; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of publications between male and female program directors. Compared to program directors, chairs had significantly more years in practice and numbers of publications, which held true for both men and women. CONCLUSIONS:Women are not only underrepresented in the department chair and program director positions, but also possess higher qualifications that may reflect differences in standards for promotion and appointment. Additional research is needed to elucidate the reasons behind the observed differences in qualifications.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a drastic decline in the number of elective surgeries performed in the United States. Many national societies and local governments provided recommendations for surgeons to initially suspend and progressively resume elective surgery. The authors used a survey to the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons (ACAPS) to assess the effect on plastic surgeons.

Literature has reported that up to 50% of dental implants may be affected by peri-implantitis, a bacteria-induced chronic inflammatory process, which promotes osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, leading to progressive bone loss around implants. Current evidence points toward an increased risk for the development of peri-implantitis in both obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) conditions relative to the healthy population. Currently, there is no effective treatment for peri-implantitis and the 50% prevalence in MetS and DM, along with its predicted increase in the worldwide population, presents a major concern in implant dentistry as hyperglycemic conditions are associated with bone-healing impairment; this may be through dysfunction of osteocalcin-induced glucose metabolism. The MetS/DM proinflammatory systemic condition and altered immune/microbiome response affect both catabolic and anabolic events of bone-healing that include increased osteoclastogenesis and compromised osteoblast activity, which could be explained by the dysfunction of insulin receptor that led to activation of signals related with osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, chronic hyperglycemia along with associated micro- and macro-vascular ailments leads to delayed/impaired wound healing due to activation of pathways that are particularly important in initiating events linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis; this may be through deactivation of AKT/PKB protein, which possesses a pivotal role in drive survival and eNOS signaling. This review presents an overview of the local and systemic mechanisms synergistically affecting bone-healing impairment in MetS/DM individuals, as well as a rationale for hierarchical animal model selection, in an effort to characterize peri-implantitis disease and treatment.

Facial transplantation (FT) has become a feasible reconstructive solution for patients with devastating facial injuries. Secondary revisions to optimize functional and aesthetic outcomes are to be expected, yet the optimal timing and approach remain to be determined. The purpose of this study was to analyze all facial allograft revisions reported to date, including the senior author's experience with 3 FTs.

Telemedicine use in the field of wound care had been increasing in popularity when the novel coronavirus 2019 paralyzed the globe in early 2020. To combat the constraints of healthcare delivery during this time, the use of telemedicine has been further expanded. Although many limitations of telemedicine are still being untangled, the benefits of virtual care are being realized in both inpatient and outpatient settings. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of telemedicine are discussed through two case examples that highlight the promise of implementation during and beyond the pandemic.

Anesthetic considerations are integral to the success of facial transplantation (FT), yet limited evidence exists to guide quality improvement. This study presents an institutional anesthesia protocol, defines reported anesthetic considerations, and provides a comprehensive update to inform future directions of the field.

OBJECTIVES/OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical outcomes, histological parameters, and bone nanomechanical properties around implants retrieved from healthy and metabolic syndrome (MS) patients. METHODS:Twenty-four patients with edentulous mandibles (12/condition), received four implants between the mental foramina. An additional implant prototype was placed for retrieval histology. The following clinical outcomes were evaluated: insertion torque (IT), implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at baseline and after 60 days of healing, and implant survival. The prototype was retrieved after the healing and histologically processed for bone morphometric evaluation of bone-to-implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (%BAFO), and bone nanoindentation to determine the elastic modulus (Em) and hardness (H). Descriptive statistical procedures and survival tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS:The final study population was comprised of 10 women and 11 men (∼64 years). A total of 105 implants were placed, 21 retrieved for histology. Implant survival rates were similar between groups (>99 %). Similarly, IT and ISQ analyses showed no significant association with systemic condition (p > 0.216). Histological micrographs depicted similar bone morphology, woven bone, for both conditions. While MS (33 ± 5.3 %) and healthy (39 ± 6.5 %) individuals showed no significant difference for %BIC (p = 0.116), significantly higher %BAFO was observed for healthy (45 ± 4.6 %) relative to MS (30 ± 3.8 %) (p < 0.001). No significant differences on bone nanomechanical properties was observed (p > 0.804). CONCLUSIONS:Although no significant influence on clinical parameters and bone nanomechanical properties was observed, MS significantly reduced bone formation in the peri-implant area in the short-term. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE/CONCLUSIONS:A lower amount of bone formation in the peri-implant area was observed in comparison to healthy patients, although the other short-term clinical outcomes were not significantly different. Considering the escalating prevalence of MS patients in need for implant treatment, it becomes crucial to understand bone-to-implant response to determine the ideal loading time in this population.

OBJECTIVE/UNASSIGNED:Evaluate simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshops as a reproducible model for education with sustained impact. DESIGN/UNASSIGNED:Cross-sectional survey-based evaluation. SETTING/UNASSIGNED:Simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshop. PARTICIPANTS/UNASSIGNED:Total of 180 participants. INTERVENTIONS/UNASSIGNED:Three-day simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshop. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES/UNASSIGNED:Number of workshop participants stratified by specialty, satisfaction with the workshop, satisfaction with simulation-based workshops as educational tools, impact on cleft surgery procedural confidence, short-term impact on clinical practice, medium-term impact on clinical practice. RESULTS/UNASSIGNED:< .001) surgery procedural confidence following the simulation sessions. Participants also reported a positive short-term and medium-term impact on their clinical practices. CONCLUSION/UNASSIGNED:Simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshops are well received by participants, lead to improved cleft surgery procedural confidence, and have a sustained positive impact on participants' clinical practices. Future efforts should focus on evaluating and quantifying this perceived positive impact, as well reproducing these efforts in other areas of need.