Faculty Bibliography
Searched for:
person:ds100
Total Results:
102
Vaping, SARS-CoV-2, and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: A Perfect Storm [Review]
ISI:000654002300001
ISSN: 2296-2360
CID: 4892412
Alzheimer's & dementia : diagnosis, assessment & disease monitoring. 2021:13(1).DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12172
Periodontal dysbiosis associates with reduced CSF Aβ42 in cognitively normal elderly
Introduction/UNASSIGNED:Periodontal disease is a chronic, inflammatory bacterial dysbiosis that is associated with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome. Methods/UNASSIGNED:A total of 48 elderly cognitively normal subjects were evaluated for differences in subgingival periodontal bacteria (assayed by 16S rRNA sequencing) between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker groups of amyloid and neurofibrillary pathology. A dysbiotic index (DI) was defined at the genus level as the abundance ratio of known periodontal bacteria to healthy bacteria. Analysis of variance/analysis of covariance (ANOVA/ANCOVA), linear discriminant effect-size analyses (LEfSe) were used to determine the bacterial genera and species differences between the CSF biomarker groups. Results/UNASSIGNED: = 0.02 and 0.01) but not with P-tau. Discussion/UNASSIGNED:We show a selective relationship between periodontal disease bacterial dysbiosis and CSF biomarkers of amyloidosis, but not for tau. Further modeling is needed to establish the direct link between oral bacteria and Aβ.
PMCID:8040436
PMID: 33869725
ISSN: 2352-8729
CID: 4894752
Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050 [Review]
ISI:000705490300019
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 5071652
Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10-24 years, 1950-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
ISI:000713316000024
ISSN: 0140-6736
CID: 5071782
Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients
PMCID:8757783
PMID: 35048050
ISSN: 2673-4842
CID: 5131632
Cross talk between drug-resistant epilepsy and the gut microbiome
One-third of epilepsy patients have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), which is often complicated by polydrug toxicity and psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities. Advances in understanding the microbiome and gut-brain-axis are likely to shed light on epilepsy pathogenesis, anti-seizure medication (ASM) resistance, and potential therapeutic targets. Gut dysbiosis is associated with inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and altered neuromodulators. High-throughput and metagenomic sequencing has advanced the characterization of microbial species and functional pathways. DRE patients show altered gut microbiome composition compared to drug-sensitive patients and healthy controls. The ketogenic and modified Atkins diets can reduce seizures in some patients with DRE. These low-carbohydrate dietary therapies alter the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiome, and composition varies between diet responders and nonresponders. Murine models suggest that specific phyla are necessary to confer efficacy from the diet, and antibiotic treatment may eliminate efficacy. The impact of diet might involve alterations in microbiota, promotion of select microbial interactions, and variance in brain neurotransmitter levels that then influence seizures. Understanding the mechanics of how diet manipulates seizures may suggest novel therapies. Most ASMs act on neuronal transmission via effects on ion channels and neurotransmitters. However, ASMs may also assert their effects via the gut microbiota. In animal models, the microbiota composition (eg, abundance of certain phyla) can vary with ASM active drug metabolites. Given the developing understanding of the gut microbiome in DRE, probiotics are another potential therapy. Probiotics alter the microbiota composition, and small studies suggest that these supplements can reduce seizures in some patients. DRE has enormous consequences to patients and society, and the gut microbiome holds promise as a potential therapeutic target. However, the exact mechanism and recognition of which patients are likely to be responders remain elusive. Further studies are warranted.
PMID: 33140419
ISSN: 1528-1167
CID: 4655972
Identification of Differentially Methylated Regions Associated with a Knockout of SUV39H1 in Prostate Cancer Cells
Epigenetic alterations, such as histone methylations, affect the pathogenesis of tumors including prostate cancer (PCa). Previously, we reported that metformin reduced SUV39H1, a histone methyltransferase of H3 Lys9, to inhibit the migration of PCa cells. Since histone methylation is functionally linked to DNA methylation, we speculate that the knockout of the SUV39H1 gene will affect the genomic DNA methylation profile to regulate PCa cell migration and invasion. The genome-wide DNA methylation level is lower in SUV39H1 knockout (KO) cells than wild-type (WT) ones. However, the methylation levels in functional regions of CpG Islands (CGI), 5' untranslated region (UTR5), and exon regions are higher in KO cells than WT cells. Analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified 1241 DMR genes that have differential methylation on CG sites when comparing the KO and WT samples. Gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathways analysis showed that knockout of SUV39H1 affects gene sets and pathways that are heavily involved in cell shapes, cell recognition, adhesion, motility, and migration. Our study suggests that SUV39H1 plays an important role in PCa migration via the epigenetic regulation of methylation on CG sites, and is a novel and legitimate target to inhibit PCa cell migration.
PMID: 33066102
ISSN: 2073-4425
CID: 4642782
E-cigarettes use in the United States: reasons for use, perceptions, and effects on health
BACKGROUND:Many researchers claim electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to be a breakthrough invention for tobacco users that aspires to curb their addiction to conventional cigarettes. Claimed to be safer by their promoters, these smokeless devices have become increasingly popular since their arrival on the market among users of all ages, especially adolescents. This paper investigated the trends in e-cigarette usage since the time it arrived in the United States, highlighting the highest surge that has occurred in adolescent e-cigarette use. It also aimed to understand the reasons and perceptions behind the ever-increasing use of e-cigarettes by adolescents. MAIN BODY/UNASSIGNED:With the advent of e-cigarettes and common positive perceptions regarding their use, we are at risk of reversing the years of efforts regarding tobacco control and instead advance towards a new addiction with currently unknown long-term health hazards. There is substantial data showing a significant increase of e-cigarette users in the United States, especially among adolescents. The aim of this review was to explore the reasons behind this widespread increase in the use of e-cigarettes among the teenage population in the US and also to uncover the common perceptions about these new electronic delivery systems. In addition, this review attempted to summarize health benefits and hazards associated with e-cigarette use as it crucial to have the right information among its users regarding the health effects of e-cigarette use. CONCLUSION/CONCLUSIONS:E-cigarettes are more appealing than c-cigarettes for a variety of reasons, including cost, choice of different flavors, ease of accessibility, and use and impact of social media. There are also different perceptions among e-cigarette users, including both adolescents and adults. The former group may use them because of the sense of fashion associated with this novel device, and the latter might intend to quit conventional/combustible cigarettes (c-cigarettes) by switching to e-cigarettes. However, it is important to note that e-cigarettes are a recent phenomenon; therefore, there is a lack of many long-term studies that can identify future health risks associated with e-cigarette use. We need more detailed studies that focus on the long-term health effects of e-cigarette use. Moreover, with the ever-increasing usage of e-cigarettes by adolescents (10 and 19 years), it is very important that e-cigarettes be incorporated into the current tobacco-free laws and ordinances. We conclude by stating that e-cigarettes need stronger regulations to prevent youth access and use.
PMCID:7545933
PMID: 33032554
ISSN: 1471-2458
CID: 4640812
Targeting Piezo1 unleashes innate immunity against cancer and infectious disease
Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel that has gained recognition for its role in regulating diverse physiological processes. However, the influence of Piezo1 in inflammatory disease, including infection and tumor immunity, is not well studied. We postulated that Piezo1 links physical forces to immune regulation in myeloid cells. We found signal transduction via Piezo1 in myeloid cells and established this channel as the primary sensor of mechanical stress in these cells. Global inhibition of Piezo1 with a peptide inhibitor was protective against both cancer and septic shock and resulted in a diminution in suppressive myeloid cells. Moreover, deletion of Piezo1 in myeloid cells protected against cancer and increased survival in polymicrobial sepsis. Mechanistically, we show that mechanical stimulation promotes Piezo1-dependent myeloid cell expansion by suppressing the retinoblastoma gene Rb1 We further show that Piezo1-mediated silencing of Rb1 is regulated via up-regulation of histone deacetylase 2. Collectively, our work uncovers Piezo1 as a targetable immune checkpoint that drives immunosuppressive myelopoiesis in cancer and infectious disease.
PMID: 32826342
ISSN: 2470-9468
CID: 4567692
The Influences of Bioinformatics Tools and Reference Databases in Analyzing the Human Oral Microbial Community
There is currently no criterion to select appropriate bioinformatics tools and reference databases for analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon data in the human oral microbiome. Our study aims to determine the influence of multiple tools and reference databases on α-diversity measurements and β-diversity comparisons analyzing the human oral microbiome. We compared the results of taxonomical classification by Greengenes, the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) 16S, SILVA, and the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) and the Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm (DADA2). There were 15 phyla present in all of the analyses, four phyla exclusive to certain databases, and different numbers of genera were identified in each database. Common genera found in the oral microbiome, such as Veillonella, Rothia, and Prevotella, are annotated by all databases; however, less common genera, such as Bulleidia and Paludibacter, are only annotated by large databases, such as Greengenes. Our results indicate that using different reference databases in 16S rRNA amplicon data analysis could lead to different taxonomic compositions, especially at genus level. There are a variety of databases available, but there are no defined criteria for data curation and validation of annotations, which can affect the accuracy and reproducibility of results, making it difficult to compare data across studies.
PMID: 32756341
ISSN: 2073-4425
CID: 4554112
